高中英语《选择性必修第一册》课后习题 Unit 1　Section A　Reading and Thinking

Unit1PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENTSectionAReadingandThinking课后篇巩固提升基础夯实Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Asisknowntoall,talentandhardworkareboth(至关重要的)tocareersuccess.

答案crucial2.Itisnecessaryforustohaveanoattitudetowardslife.

答案objective3.Youmust(承诺)yourselftofinishthetaskontime.

答案commit4.Onlyifyoumakeeffortstofulfillthetaskcanyoubeaasexcellent.

答案acknowledged5.Asamatteroffact,happinessdoesn’tlieinhowmuch(财产)youown.

答案property6.Thetwopostersare(有区别的)fromeachotherinstyle.

答案distinct7.Solongaswecan(击败)theotherteam,we’llbecomethechampionofcourse.

答案defeat8.Thehospitalhasrecentlyonewmedicalequipment,allowingmorepatientstobetreated.

答案obtainedⅡ.短语填空bychance,insiston,leadto,drawout,test...on,makeadiscovery1.Hehasvaluabletomankind.

答案madeadiscovery2.Idon’tthinkitwillagoodresult.

答案leadto3.Althoughwehavemet,Icanseeyouareaverygoodgirlwithaclearpurposeinlife.

答案bychance4.Ifyoudoingsomething,doiteverydayandyoucanmakeit.

答案insiston5.Ihaven’tanycashonmeandI’dliketosomemoneyfromanATMnearby.

答案drawout6.Theteacherwilltheclassspellingtoday.

答案test;onⅢ.完成句子1.医学界在抗癌的斗争中不断取得进步。Themedicalcommunitycontinuestomakeprogresscancer.

答案inthefightagainst2.大学毕业以后,他投身于教育事业。Afterhegraduatedfromcollege,hethecauseofeducation.

答案committedhimselfto3.我们开展此项竞赛以鼓励新的年轻作家为目的。Thecompetitionwasstartedencouragingyoungwriters.

答案withtheaimof4.我建议你在家里留些蜡烛,以防大楼停电。Isomecandlesathomeincasethebuildinghasapowerfailure.

答案suggestyoushouldkeep5.即使我告诉他我住在附近,但那个人还是坚持要给我找一辆出租车。ThemanataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.

答案insistedonfinding素养提升Ⅳ.阅读理解A主题语境:人与社会对社会有突出贡献的人物FemaleScientistsWhoHaveChangedtheWorldTherearestillhundredsofrelatively-unknownwomenwhohavechangedtheworldwiththeirresearchthroughouthistory.TieraGuinnThis21-year-oldscientisthasn’tyetgraduatedfromcollege,butTieraGuinn’salreadydoingrocketscience.TheMIT(麻省理工学院)seniorishelpingbuildarocketfortheUnitedStatesthatcouldbeoneofthebiggestandmostpowerfulevermade.She’sanaerospacemajorwithhighcreditpointswhoalsoworksasaRocketStructuralDesignandAnalysisEngineerfortheSpaceLaunchSystemthataerospacecompanyBoeingisbuildingfortheUS.ElizabethBlackwellElizabethBlackwell,whowasborninBristol,Englandin1821,wasthefirstwomantograduatefrommedicalschoolintheUnitedStates,becameanactivistforpoorAmericanwomen’shealth,andwentontofoundamedicalschoolforwomeninEngland.JaneGoodallThemostfamousprimate(灵长类)scientistinhistory,JaneGoodallwasknownforherworkwithchimpsandasachampionofanimalrights.AndGoodallwasn’tjustworkinginalab;sheclimbedtreesandimitatedthebehaviourofchimpsinTanzaniatogaintheirtrustandstudythemintheirnaturalhabitat.RachelCarsonInthe1960s,oneenvironmentalscientist’svoiceroseabovetheresttobecomecentraltoAmericanpolitics,culture,andforeignpolicy:RachelCarson’s.Herarticle,“SilentSpring”,warnedofthedangersofpesticides(农药)andchemicalstohumans,plants,andanimals,andwasalandmarkinthenation’senvironmentalhistory.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四位改变世界的女科学家。1.WhatisTieraGuinn’sgreatestachievement?A.Sheenteredthebestuniversityoftheworld.B.Shehasbeenlearningthenewestrocketscience.C.Shehashelpedbuildabigandpowerfulrocket.D.Sheisatopstudentemployedbyafamouscompany.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“TheMITseniorishelpingbuildarocketfortheUnitedStatesthatcouldbeoneofthebiggestandmostpowerfulevermade.”可知TieraGuinn最大的成就是帮助建造了美国有史以来最大、最强大的火箭之一。2.WhatisElizabethBlackwellfamousforinhistory?A.Shewasthefirstwomanwiththeadvancededucation.B.Shewasapioneerofthewomen’shealthintheUSandtheUK.C.Shefoundedthefirstwomen’sschoolintheUnitedKingdom.D.ShewasthefirstwomantobeacceptedasanAmericancitizen.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知伊丽莎白•布莱克威尔1821年出生于英格兰的布里斯托尔,她是第一位从美国医学院毕业的女性,后来成为关注美国贫困女性健康的活动家,并在英国成立了一所女子医学院。即她是美国和英国妇女健康的先驱。3.Whomadeagreatcontributiontotheanimal-protectionmovement?A.TieraGuinn.B.JaneGoodall.C.RachelCarson. D.ElizabethBlackwell.答案B解析细节理解题。倒数第二段中的“Themostfamousprimatescientistinhistory,JaneGoodallwasknownforherworkwithchimpsandasachampionofanimalrights.”可知珍·古德是历史上最著名的灵长类科学家,她以研究黑猩猩和维护动物权利而闻名,为动物保护运动做出了重大贡献。B主题语境:人与社会对社会有突出贡献的人物WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman?Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning,andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeterminestowriteabook.Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes,andthebookwasDonQuixote(《堂吉诃德》).Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:Whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays,whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?We’veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife’shalfwaymark.I’mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan’tallgetthere.I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.

Mostofus,infact,progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolearn,theopportunitiesareeverywhere.Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswecan’tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus—anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm,wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohavemeaninginourlife.However,wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos(自我),whethertolovedones,tofellowhumans,towork,ortosomemoralconcept.Manyofusequate(视……等同于)“commitment”withsuch“caring”occupationsasteachingandnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellence—whethertheyaredrivingatruck,orrunningastore—maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.They’velearnedlife’smostvaluablelesson.【语篇解读】本文属于议论文。讲述要成功,就需要不断地学习,这样的生活才更有意义。4.ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat.

A.lossoffreedomstimulatesone’screativityB.ageisnotabarriertoachievingone’sgoalC.miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfateD.disabilitycannotstopaman’spursuitofsuccess答案B解析推理判断题。第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸,负债累累,因为战争左手残疾,同时还身陷囹圄,在53岁的时候决定写书,最终写出成名作《堂吉诃德》。根据后文可知,所有的困境都没有阻挡他的成功,年龄也是如此。5.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean?A.Endone’sstruggleforliberty.B.Wasteone’senergytakingrisks.C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudes