高中英语《选择性必修第一册》课后习题 Unit 5　Section A　Reading and Thinking

Unit5WORKINGTHELANDSectionAReadingandThinking课后篇巩固提升基础夯实Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Therapidincreaseinpopulationcauseda(缺乏)ofnaturalresources.

答案shortage2.Thefirstreasonto(应对)theseproblemsistosavechildren’slives.

答案tackle3.One(特点)Ihaveobservedovertheyearsinallgreatsoftwaredevelopersistheirpassionfortheirwork.

答案characteristic4.Inourschool,mostofourstudentsafive“A”gradesintheirexams.

答案attained5.Idon’tthinkthere’senoughinformationtomakean(假设).

答案assumption6.Thecostofbuildingrailwaywaseatoveronehundredthousandpounds.

答案estimated7.Outputconsistsofbothexportsandsalesonthe(国内的)market.

答案domestic8.Joannahasfinallymadeittothefirstrankof(名人)after25yearsasanactress.

答案celebrityⅡ.短语填空devoteoneselftodeepdownotherthanbecomprisedofdependondreamup1.Ayearthefourseasonsofspring,summer,autumnandwinter.

答案iscomprisedof2.Webelievefirmlywhatyouhaveissuretocometrue.

答案devotedyourselfto3.Thepartywhetherornottheycollectenoughmoney.

答案dependson4.,shesupportedherhusband’sinvolvementintheorganisation.

答案Deepdown5.Whotheideaofpaintingourlivingroomwallabrightred?

答案dreamedup6.Theformcannotbesignedbyanyoneyourself.

答案otherthanⅢ.完成句子1.据估计,到2050年,将有13亿人使用英语作为第一语言或第二语言。that1.3billionpeoplewilluseEnglishaseitherafirstorasecondlanguageby2050.

答案Itisestimated2.我从没有想到你能成功地说服他改变主意。Itneveroccurredtomethatyoucouldhimtochangehismind.

答案succeedinpersuading3.使我印象最深刻的是残疾人乐观的生活态度。mostistheoptimisticattitudeofthedisabled.

答案Whatimpressedme4.如果他能再一次得到机会的话,他肯定会成功的。hecangetanotherchance,hewillsurelysucceed.

答案Giventhat5.大学毕业后,我第一次在一个新的城市里独自谋生。college,Ilivedbymyselfinanewcityforthefirsttime.

答案Aftergraduatingfrom素养提升Ⅳ.阅读理解A主题语境:人与自然自然生态Theorganicfoodhasgainedalotofpopularityastheyarebeingconsideredhealthierandtastier.Afairnumberofpeopleadvocatealarge-scaleshifttoorganicfarmingfromconventionalagriculture.Butthismightnotseemwell-founded.Sincethemid-19thcentury,conventionalindustrialagriculturehasbecomeincrediblyefficientonasimplelandtofoodbasis.Conventionalfarminggetsmoreandmorecroppersquarefootofland,whichcanmeanlesswildernessneedstobetransformedtofarmland.Tomakefarmingmoreefficient,conventionalagricultureusesasignificantamountofsyntheticfertiliser(合成肥料)eachyear,andallthatnitrogen(氮)enablesmuchfasterplantgrowth.However,thecostispaidinvastpolluteddeadzonesatthemonthsofmanyoftheworld’srivers,becausemuchofthenitrogenendsuprunningoffthesoilandintotheoceans.Thisalsomakesconventionalfarmingoneofthemajorthreatstotheenvironment.Toweakentheenvironmentalimpactofagriculture,improvesoilqualityaswellasproducehealthierfoods,somefarmershaveturnedtoorganicfarming.Environmentalistshavealsowelcomedorganicfoodasbetterfortheplanetthanthefoodproducedbyagriculturalcorporations.Organicpractices—refusingartificialfertilisersandchemicalpesticides—areconsideredfarmoresustainable.Salesoforganicfoodrose7.7%in2010,upto$26.7billion—andpeoplearemakingthosepurchasesfortheirmoralsensesasmuchastheirtongues.Yetanewmeta-analysisinNaturedoesthemathandcomestoahardconclusion:organicfarmingproduces25%fewercropsonaveragethanconventionalagriculture.IntheNatureanalysis,scientistsperformedananalysisof66studiescomparingconventionalandorganicmethodsacross34differentcropspecies,fromfruitstograins.Theyfoundthatorganicfarmingdeliveredaloweroutputforeverycroptype,thoughthedifferencevariedwidely.Forcropslikefruittrees,organicfarmingtrailed(落后于)conventionalagriculturebyjust5%.Yetformajorgraincropsandvegetables—allofwhichprovidetheworld’smaincalories—conventionalagricultureoutperformedorganicfarmingbymorethan25%.Whatthatmeansisthatwhileorganicfarmingmaybemoresustainablethanconventionalagriculture,therearetrade-offs(此消彼长)witheach.Soanidealglobalagriculturesystemmayborrowthebestfrombothsystemsratherthanupholdingmerelyorganicorconventionalpractices.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。有机食品越来越受欢迎,人们认为它们更健康、更美味。一个理想的全球农业系统可以从有机农业和传统农业中获得最好的利益,而不是仅仅支持有机或常规的做法。1.Whatdoweknowaboutconventionalfarming?A.Itproducesmorecropswithfewerfertilisers.B.Itachievesefficiencyatahugecosttotheenvironment.C.Ifoffersalong-termsolutiontoglobaldemandforfood.D.Itperformsfarbetterforeachcroptypethanorganicfarming.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Sincethemid-19thcentury,conventionalindustrialagriculturehasbecomeincrediblyefficientonasimplelandtofoodbasis.”和第三段最后一句“Thisalsomakesconventionalfarmingoneofthemajorthreatstotheenvironment.”可知,传统农业以牺牲环境的巨大代价来实现生产效率。2.Whatdoestheauthormostprobablyagreewith?A.Employingorganicfarmingtoplantrice.B.Adoptingorganicpracticestogrowpotatoes.C.Usingconventionalmethodstoplantcabbage.D.Applyingconventionalfarmingtogrowapples.答案C解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后两句“Forcropslikefruittrees,organicfarmingtrailedconventionalagriculturebyjust5%.Yetformajorgraincropsandvegetables—allofwhichprovidetheworld’smaincalories—conventionalagricultureoutperformedorganicfarmingbymorethan25%.”可知作者最可能同意用传统的方法种植卷心菜。3.What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Tocomparetwotypesoffarming.B.Tocriticiseconventionalagriculture.C.Todiscussthedevelopmentoffarming.D.Toargueforarealisticagriculturesystem.答案D解析写作意图题。根据最后一段可知作者写本文的目的是主张建立一个现实的农业体系。B主题语境:人与社会科学与技术(2020全国Ⅰ卷)Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurther—changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.“We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,”explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow(发光)inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano’steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesintoself-poweredstreetlamps.Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff“switch”wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource(电源)—suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway—alotofenergyislostduringtransmission(传输).Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了麻省理工学院开展的研究,力求用发光的植物代替日常用品的功能。用普通蔬菜来发光照亮房间,甚至将树木变成自供电的街灯。4.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.B.Abigfallincrimerates.C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.答案D解析段落大意题。由文章第一段可知,一项研究发现,城市绿化率越高的区域犯罪率越低;另一项研究发现,工作环境有室内植物装饰时,员工的效率提高15%。由此可知,本段主要讲绿色植物的好处。故选D项。5.WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineers?A.Todetectplants’lackofwater.B.Tochangecompositionsofplants.C.Tomakethelifeofpla