2025初三英语（上）期末英语摸底测试及答案（人教版）

人教版通用-初三英语上期末摸底测试1.Whenwethinkofagrocerystore,weusuallypictureaislesoffoodandeverydaynecessities.Butsometimes,it’salsowhereunexpectedstoreintoabackdropforheartwarminghumanconnections.EllieWalker,ataBritishgrocerystore,wasknownforherfriendlydemeanor.Ellieareformed,turningasimpleenjoyedthedailychatwithcustomersbutneverimpactherlife.howdeeplytheseinteractionscouldItwasduringoneoftheseconversationsthatEllieencounteredEdwinHolmes,anthathehadnoonetospendChristmaswith.elderlyregularcustomer,whoThisrevelationachordinEllie’sheart,asshecouldn’tbearthethoughtofEdwinspendingthefestiveseasonalone.Edwinhadlosthiswifein2006after45yearsofmarriage.Hisfamily,includingadaughterandgrandchildren,livedinAustralia,makingitholidays.ThisleftEdwinfacingtheprospectofaUpsetaboutEdwin’ssituation.ElliedecidedtohimtojoinherforaChristmasmeal,hopingtoforbothofthem.forthemtobetogetherduringtheChristmas.agestureofkindness.Sheinvitedamemorableandjoyousexperience“Ithought,ifitwasmygranddadandhewasalone,Iwouldwantsomeonetotalktohim.”Ellie’sinvitationtoEdwinwasmorethanjustakindfriendship.itwasastartoftheirFromthatmemorableChristmasdinner,abeautifulfriendship.EllieandEdwinbeganmeetingregularlyforcoffee,sharingstoriesandenjoyingeachother’s.Theirrelationship,whichstartedwithameaningfulandenduringfriendship.conversationsinagrocerystore,had1.A.techniques2.A.candidate3.A.planned4.A.routine5.A.6.A.charged7.A.cautious8.A.lonelyB.bondsC.ideasD.stepsB.participantB.meantC.employeeC.C.bitterD.volunteerD.anticipatedD.amusingD.D.B.positiveB.B.B.impossibleB.warmC.C.struckC.competitiveC.D.sympatheticD.delightfulD.assign9.A.extendB.commandC.discipline10.A.allowB.begC.D.11.A.fearB.prejudiceB.stressedB.comfortB.casualC.gestureD.temptationD.D.leisure12.A.conducted13.A.company14.A.delicate15.A.putaboutC.blossomedC.entertainmentC.difficultD.potentialD.B.inC.struggledfor2.GreatBooksSummerProgramdeliversexcellentpreparationforseminar-stylecollegeclassesandtheSATcriticalthinkingsection.WearethrilledtoannounceSummer2022On-Campusprogramsarereturning.Enrollment（注册）isopen.Makeyourplanstoday!Program1:GreatBooks&Writer'sWorkshopatPepperdineUniversityMalibu,CAForRisingGrades6-8andGrades9—12OneandTwo-WeekProgramsChoosetheone-weekSeminarandDiscussionprogram.SelectWriter'sWorkshopforstudentseagertoexploretheartofcreativewriting.Or,stayforboth!One-weekTuition:＄2695Two-weekTuition:＄5390Program2:GreatBooks&Writer'sWorkshopatAmherstCollegeAmherst,MAForRisingGrades6-8andGrades9—12OneandTwo-WeekProgramsWewillbeofferingSeminarandDiscussionprogramsandaWriter'sWorkshopforstudentseagertoexploretheartofwritinginallforms.One-weekTuition:＄2495Two-weekTuition:＄4990Program3:GreatBooksatStanfordUniversityStanford,CAForRisingGrades6-8andGrades9—12OneandTwo-WeekProgramsYoungpeoplegathertoexperiencereadingandlifeatStanfordUniversity.JoinusforoneweekortwoofGreatBooksSeminarandDiscussionprograms!One-weekTuition:＄2995Two-weekTuition:＄5990Program4:ATallShipAdventureForRisingGrades9—12SailfromBangortoPortland,MEOneWeekProgramGreatBooksisexcitedtoannouncethesecondyearofTalesoftheSea:aTallShipAdventure.Thisprogramforhighschoolstudentsmarriesthestudyofmaritimeliteraturewithlivingandlearningtosail.Timewillbesplitbetweenseminaranddiscussionandsailingeducationwithvisitstocoastalislands.One-weekTuition:＄2995Note:Allon-campusprogramshaveMaterials&Eventsfeesof＄225foroneweekand＄475fortwo.（1）Howmuchdoesanapplicantpayintotalforaone-weekprogramatStanfordUniversity?A.＄2995.（2）Whichprogramwillyouchooseifyouwanttodooutdoorpractice?A.Program1.B.Program2.C.Program3.D.Program4.B.＄3220.C.＄3470.D.＄3945.（3）Whatdothefouron-campusprogramshaveincommon?A.Theyclasses.B.Theystudentsforthetest.C.Theydesignedforjuniorhighstudents.D.Theyaimstudents'writingskills.3.Fouryearsago,FredwasonhiswaytoworkwhenheaccidentallyfellontothetracksofBrooklyn'strainasasubwaytrainwascoming.Theincidentcausedthelossofbothofhislegs.Butsurprisingly,withthelossofhislegs,Fredgainedanewpassionforracing.Beforehisaccident.hewasn'treallythatathletic.Hewouldjustoccasionally（偶尔地）playbasketball.Butthatallchangedafterhewasintroducedtohandcycling（手摇自行车运动）."WhenIsawit.Iwaslike,'Oh,thisisgreat.Youdon'tevenneedlegstouseit,thisisperfect."hesaid."So,Igotonit,Irodeandfellinlovewithitrightaway."Withinafewmonths,hecompletedtheTDFiveBoroBikeTour,a40-mileridethroughNewYorkCity.Afterthat,hedidhisfirstmarathon（马拉松）in2021.Hefinishedthatracein2hoursand11minutes,placing12thoutof38."I'mgoingtoattendthisyear'smarathonandtakeonchallenges.Myhandsareonthewheel,myeyesarefocused,andIthinkmytimeisgoingtospeakforitself,"hesaid.He'smadeasignificantcommitmenttotraining.Herideshishandcycleatleast13.1milesacoupletimesaweekandspendsalotoftimeinthegym.Andheplanstokeeppursuinghisathletegoals.HewantstocompletetheAbbottSix-theworld'ssixlargestmarathons.Oneday,hesaid,"I'llmaybeevenmakeittotheParalympics."Forthosewhomightbefollowinghisjourney,hehopestheywilltakesomelessonsfromhisstory."Therewillbeupsanddownsbutthetrend（趋势）iswhat'simportant,focusonthegood,"hesaid."Andalso,takeyourbigproblemsanddividethemintosmallsolutions,andthenallofasudden,yourbigproblemsturnintomanysmallwins."（1）HowdidtheaccidenthappentoFred?A.trainsraneachB.Thetrainmightleavethetracks.C.Thetrainmightrunoverhislegs.D.Hefellthetracksonhiswayhome.（2）WhendidFredshowinterestinhandcycling?A.Theminutehesawthesport.B.helostbothhislegs.C.Afterhehadpracticedthesportforseveraltimes.D.Afterhewatchedothersridehandcyclesforsometime.（3）Whatdoesthefourthparagraphmainlytellus?A.Thewaythatridesahandcycle.B.introducingthismarathon.C.partinthecompetition.D.Thewhyspendsalottimeinthegym.（4）HowcanwebestdescribeFred?A.Determined.B.C.Generous.D.Careful.4.WorkingwithARIAResearch,astartupdevelopingvisionfortheblind,PhoebePengisusingtechnologicallyadvancedhumanecholocation（回声定位）thatenablesblinduserstoperceivetheirsurroundingsinprecisedetail.Theprocessuseseventcameraswhich,unlikenormalcamerasthattakecompleteimagesofascene,trackchangesinanimageovertime,makingthemidealfortheobservationofsmallobjectsliketabletennisballs.Theimagesarethenprocessedintosoundusingaspecialisedalgorithm（算法）.Thisisthencommunicatedbacktotheplayerviaalotofloudspeakers,ultimatelywiththeaimofallowingplayerstotracktheballandmovementsusingsounds.AccordingtoPeng,tabletennismakesaperfecttestcaseforthekindoftechnologybeingdevelopedbyARIAResearch."Tabletennishasbeenplayedfordecadesasamoreaccessibleversionoftennis.Thesportisbeginner-friendlywhilemaintainingarichlevelofcompetitiveplay.However,likemanysports,itremainsdifficultforpeoplewhosuffervisionlossorhavelowvision,"saidMsPeng,whowillsooncompleteaBachelorofEngineeringinSoftwareEngineering."Thesmallsizeoftheballandtable,alongwiththemovementoftheballin3Dspace,arethingsthatmaketabletennisdifficulttoplayforthosewithlowvisionandcompleteblindness,"saidPeng,whoiscompletingtheworkforherdegree."Makingthissportmoreaccessiblewhilealsoexploringthepotentialofeventcamerasweremytwobiggestmotivators,"shesaid.Inonestudy,usingtwoperfectlypositionedcameras,MsPengwasabletoidentifyandtrackaballinthreedimensionsinrealtime.Shethenfedthatdataintoanalgorithmcontrollingtheloudspeakersstandingalongthesidesofthetable,whichcreatedasoundfieldmatchingthepositionoftheball.Whiletheresultsarepromising,moreexperimentationwillbeneededbeforethesystemwillbereadyforactualplay."Therearelimitationsonhowaccuratelypeoplecanperceivesoundlocalisation.Whattypeofsoundshouldbeused?Shouldthesoundbecontinuous?Thisiswhatwe'llbetacklinginthenextstageofdevelopment,"saidMsPeng.（1）Howareeventcamerasdifferentfromnormalones?A.Theycanhavesoundslocated.B.Theywithloudspeakers.C.Theyconstantlyfollowimagechanges.D.Theycompleteimagesascene.（2）Whatmakestabletennisaperfecttestcasefortheresearch?A.Itsuniquefeature.B.Itscompetition.C.ItstechnicalD.Its（3）Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyaboutconcerningthestudy?A.Itsinspiringresults.B.Itspromisingfuture.C.Itspracticalapplications.D.Itstechnologicalchallenge.（4）Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.OpensupBlindB.BlindinC.EventCamerafortheDisabledD.AlgorithmHelpsImaginationSound5.Ifyou'reeatingprotein（蛋白质）,youcouldbeswallowinghundredsoftinypiecesofplasticeachyear,researchfinds.AnewstudybyresearcherswiththenonprofitOceanConservancyandtheUniversityofTorontofoundmicroplastics—tinyparticlesrangingfromonemicrometertoahalf-centimeterinsize—innearly90percentofproteinfoodsamplestested.TheresearchersanalyzedmorethanadozendifferenttypesofcommonproteinsthatcouldwindupontheaverageAmerican'splate,includingseafood,pork,beef,chicken,tofuandseveralplant-basedmeatalternatives.TheyestimatedthatanAmericanadultcouldconsume,onaverage,atleast11,000microplasticpiecesperyear.Thestudy'sfindingsprovidefurtherevidenceoftheavailabilityofsmallplasticparticles—whichhavebeendiscoveredeverywherefromAntarcticsnowtoinsidehumanbodies—andhowtheycanendupinthefoodweeatandthewaterwedrink."Whilewestillreallydon'thaveanyideawhatthehumanhealthconsequencesofthisare,ifthereareanyatall,weneedtotakethisseriouslybecausethisisaproblemthat'snotgoingawayonitsown,andit'sonlygoingtogetworsethemoreplasticweuseandthrowaway,"Leonardsaid.ButLeonardandotherexpertscautionedagainstusingthefindingstodrawfinalconclusionsabouthowmicroplasticscandirtyfoodandtheamountofplasticthatcouldbehidinginproteins.Thestudy'ssamplesizewasnotbigenoughandtheresearchersnotedthattherewashighvariabilityinmicroplasticconcentrationsinthesamples.Theresearchersalsoonlycountedmicroplasticparticlesthatwerelargerthanorequalinsizeto45micrometers."Itjusthighlightsthatweneedtodomoreresearch,"saidBiancaDatta,afoodscientistnotinvolvedinthenewresearch.（1）Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Theplasticparticles.B.Theresearchers'C.Thefoodsonadiningtable.D.Theconclusionthe（2）WhatisLeonard'sattitudetowardsthefindings?A.Cautious.B.Critical.C.Confident.D.Concerned.（3）Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthelastparagraph?A.showthelimitationtheB.highlightthedangermicroplasticconcentrations.C.appealforenvironmentalprotection.D.theurgencythe（4）Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitle?A.awayplasticsB.effectsfoodprocessingD.ApoisonedfoodsystemC.maybeeatingplastics6.them?Ifso,you'reexperiencingwhatresearcherscalltimepoverty..Thestandardreplyto"Howareyou?"isoften"I'msobusy!"ManypeoplefinditDoyoufeelliketherearetoomanythingstodoinaday,butnotenoughtimetodo1increasinglydifficulttosparetimetoseefriends,pursueahobby,ortakeavacation.Somepeopleeventakegreatprideinhowbusytheyarebecauseit'sbecomeastatussymbol.2.Fortunately,herearespecificstepswecantaketofeelmoretimeaffluent（富足的）andmoresociallyconnected.Ifyouwantasatisfyingsociallife,buytimeforit.Youmightpaytohaveadislikedhouseworkdonebyothers,getadirectflightinsteadofacheaperonewithastopover,orpayextratodrivethefastestroutehome.kids.3,likecallingafriendorhangingoutwithyourAnotherwaytogetmoretimeistogiveitaway.Inonestudy,researchersaskedpeopletodevotepartoftheirSaturdaymorningtodoingsomethingforthemselvesthattheyweren'talreadyplanningtodoordoingsomethingforsomeoneelse.Thepeoplewhogaveawaytheirtimelaterfeltliketheyhadmoreofit.Ifyouhavetoomanythingstodoandnotenoughtimetodothem,trytocutbackonsomethings..Youcanprobablychoosetoslowdownalittleandmakemoretimefor4.5casualchatswithco-workersandunplannedget-togetherswithfriends.A.TimepovertyisasignthetimesB.HelpingothersexpandsoursensetimeC.BuyingtimeisagoodwaytheboredomtasksD.ThechoiceswithourtimegreatlyaffectourhappinessandsociallivesE.TheninvestyourtimeinsomethingsociallyengagingF.haveupwiththethemodernworldG.feelingshortontimeisassociatedwithlowerlevelhappinessandconnection7.阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Jokesandhumorareoftenconsideredunimportant.Thisisunderstandable:theyare,bydefinition,notserious.Yetjokesandhumorarebeneficialforhealththroughtheirstress-relievingproperties.Forexample,theycanstimulatebloodcirculationandaidmusclerelaxation,bothofwhichcanhelpreducestress.Butwhydowerespond,inpowerfulandrewardingways,tothingsthatareobjectivelymeaningless?Scientistshavespentyearsstudyinghowhumorworksinthebrainandonthevarioustypesofjokesthatproduceit.Puns,themostfamiliartypeofjokes,arewherespecificelementsoflanguageconveydifferentmeaningsatonce.Forexample,"Whydidthegolferweartwopairsoftrousers?Incasehegotaholeinone.""Here"holeinonehastwopossibleinterpretations:onepairisdamagedorsomeone'sballgoesintotheholethefirsttimehehitit.Wemaynotactuallylaughatthem,buttheirsimplicityandfamiliaritymakemostpeoplerecognizethehumorinpuns.Therefore,thebrain'shumorprocessesarestillengaged.Howdoeshumorarisefromthebrain?Ourbrainshavedevelopedasystemtorecognizewhenthingsdon'tmatchexpectations.Ifnormalityisoverturned,itmeanswedon'tknowwhat'sgoingtohappen,whichcreatestension.However,thesystemthatrecognizesincongruity（不一致）alsoresolvesit,byprovidinganexplanation,oratleastaconfirmationthattheincongruityhasnonegativeconsequences.Thisremovestheuncertainty,easingthetension.Afterthat,welearnsomethingnewandexpandourmentalmodel,experiencingarewardingfeeling.Basically,thankstothesecomplexsystemsinourbrains,humorcomesfromsomethingbeingsurprising,unexpectedorwronginsomeway,aslongastheincongruityisresolvedwithoutnegativeconsequences.Iftheincongruityisnotresolved,humorisabsent.Iftheanswerto"Whydidthegolferweartwopairsoftrousers?"is"incasethemetaleaglethatlivesinhisgoldbagattackshim",that'snotfunny.Thiswouldexplainwhyunrealhumorisoftenhardtogetright.（1）Whatisthebenefitofjokesandhumor?（2）Whycanpeoplerecognizethehumorinpuns?（3）Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.>Peoplecanworkouthumorfromsomethingbeingsurprising,unexpectedorwronginsomeway,aslongastheincongruityremainsunsolved.（4）Apartfromthebenefitmentionedinthepassage,whatotherbenefit(s)canyougetfromhumor?(Inabout40words)8.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Nomatteryourage,whocanresistatasty,low-pricedmeal?Atnoon,TongxinCafeterianearShanghai'sJing'anTempledowntownhasaqueuethatshowsitsmulti-generationalpopularity.Themenu,Thesecafeterias,onceknownas"seniorcanteens",wereoriginallyestablished(provide)healthymealsat(afford)pricestoolderfolksmightnotbegettingenoughnutritionathome.From2019to2021,theShanghai1over60dishesrotateddaily,caterstoawiderangeoftastes.234governmentsetagoalofbuilding200newcommunitycanteens,theendoflastyearto1,608.5(bring)thetotalat6basicmealwithonemeatdishandtwovegetablescostslessthan20yuan,farcheaperthanpricesinmainstreamdowntownrestaurants.Andallmeals(prepare)onsitewithfreshingredients.Thegovernmentsupportsthesecafeterias,sometimeswithrent-freespace,sometimeswith(reduce)waterandelectricitycharges.SomecommunitycafeteriashavebecomesopopulartheyappearonWeChatand789otherlifestylesharing10(platform)."Wearepleasedtohaveyoungerpeopledininghere,"saida90-year-oldpatronsurnamedQu."Theygivethe'elderlycanteen'afeelingofyouthfulvigor."9.阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。SavingnatureisattheveryheartofwhatwedoasWorldWildlifeFund(WWF).Weprotectwildlifeformanyreasons.Itisasourceofinspiration.Itboostsasenseofwonder.Itisfundamental（重要的）tothebalanceofnature.Inourwork,WWFpopulationsofthemostimportantspeciesinthewild.(final),byprotectingspecies,wesavethisbeautifulandirreplaceableplanetiscalledhome.1(focus)onsaving2310.阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Harbin,increasingnumberoftouristsrushedtothe"IceCityofChina"toexperiencethebestoficeandsnowculture.Besidesthefrostydelights,thecitystillhasmuchmore(offer)allyeararound,includingitstraditionalEuropean-stylearchitecture,uniquecuisineandculturalevents.Thecity'sindividualattractionsmakeamust-seespotnomattertheweather.(know)foritsiceandsnowfestivals,becameverypopularlastwinter.An11.假设你是李华，你应该在本周五提交Mr.Anderson布置的读书报告，但因个人原因，现在无法按时提交。请你给Mr.Anderson发一封电子邮件，内容要求如下：1.表达歉意；2.说明原因；3.提出补救办法；注意：1.写作词数80左右。2.可适当增加细节。DearMr.Anderson,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________人教版通用-初三英语上期末摸底测试1.CBAAD【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了从杂货店里的随意交谈开始，艾莉和老顾客埃德温·霍姆斯发展了一段有意义和持久的友谊。【小题1】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但有时，它也是意想不到的纽带形成的地方，把一个简单的商店变成了温暖人心的人际关系的背景。A.techniques技术；B.bonds纽带；C.ideas想steps台阶。根据后文的“turningasimpleaforheartwarminghuman15ameaningfulandenduring纽带的产生。故选B项。【小题2】考查名词词义辨析。句意：艾丽·沃克是英国一家杂货店的员工，她以友好的举止而闻名。A.candidate候选人；B.participant参与者；C.volunteer志愿者。根据后文的“Ellieenjoyedthedailychatwithcustomers”可知，艾莉喜欢每天与顾客聊天，所以艾丽·沃克是英国一家杂货店的员工。故选C项。【小题3】考查动词词义辨析。句意：艾莉喜欢每天与顾客聊天，但从未预料到这些互动会对她的生活产生如此深远的影响。A.planned计划；B.meant打算；C.anticipated预料。根据后文的“howdeeplytheseinteractionscouldherlife”和后文“Theirrelationship,whichstartedwith14conversationsinagroceryhad15ameaningfulandenduring料到这些互动会对她的生活产生如此深远的影响，从未预料到艾莉和老顾客埃德温·霍姆斯的关系从杂货店里的随意交谈开始，发展成为一段有意义和持久的友谊。故选D项。【小题4】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就在一次平常的谈话中，艾莉遇到了老顾客埃德温·霍姆斯，他透露自己没有人陪他过圣诞节。A.routine平常的；B.positive积极乐观的；C.bitter苦amusing有趣的。根据前文的“Ellieenjoyedthedailychatwithcustomers”可知，艾莉喜欢每天与顾客聊天，所以这也是一次平常的谈话。故选A项。【小题5】考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在一次平常的谈话中，艾莉遇到了老顾客埃德温·霍姆斯，他透露自己没有人陪他过圣诞节。A.agreed同意；B.revealed透露；C.debated辩论。根据后文的“thathehadnoonespendChristmaswith”可知，老顾客埃德温·霍姆斯透露了自己的私人情况，即没有人陪他过圣诞节。故选B项。【小题6】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个透露触动了艾莉的心弦，因为她无法忍受埃德温独自度过节日的想法。A.charged指控；B.outgrew超过；C.overlooked忽视。根据前文的“ainheart”可知，这个透露触动了艾莉的心弦。struckachord“触动心弦，激起了共鸣”。故选C项。【小题7】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的家人，包括一个女儿和孙子孙女，都住在澳大利亚，这使得他们在假期里不可能在一起。A.cautious谨慎的；B.impossible不可能的；C.sympathetic同情的。根据前文的“Hisincludingadaughterandgrandchildren,livedinAustralia”和后文“togetherduringtheholidays”可知，亲人都住在澳大利亚，这使得他们在假期里不可能在一起。故选B项。【小题8】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这让埃德温面临着一个孤独的圣诞节。A.lonely孤独的；B.warm温暖的；C.delightful使人快乐的。根据前文的“hehadnoonespendChristmaswith”和“Hisincludingadaughterandgrandchildren,livedinAustralia,makingit7forthembetogetherduringtheholidays.”可知，没有人陪他过圣诞节，这让埃德温面临着一个孤独的圣诞节。故选A项。【小题9】考查动词词义辨析。句意：对埃德温的情况感到不安。埃莉决定提供一个友好的姿态。A.extend提供；B.command命令；C.assign分配。根据后文的“SheinvitedhimjoinherforaChristmasmeal”可知，她邀请他和她一起吃圣诞大餐，埃莉提供了一个友好的姿态。故选A项。【小题10】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她邀请他和她一起吃圣诞大餐，希望为他们俩创造一个难忘而快乐的经历。A.allow允许；B.beg乞求；C.create创造。根据前文的“SheinvitedhimjoinherforaChristmasmeal”和后文“amemorableandjoyousexperienceforboththem”可知，她邀请他和她一起吃圣诞大餐，从而创造一个难忘而快乐的经历。故选D项。【小题11】考查名词词义辨析。句意：艾莉对埃德温的邀请不仅仅是一种友好的姿态，也是他们友谊的开始。A.fear害怕；B.prejudice偏见；C.temptation引诱。根据前invitationEdwin”可知，艾莉对埃德温的邀请不仅仅是一种友好的姿态。故选C项。【小题12】考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那次难忘的圣诞晚餐开始，一段美好的友谊开始了。A.conducted进行；B.stressed强调；C.remembered记住。根据前文的“FromthatmemorableChristmasabeautiful她邀请他和她一起吃圣诞大餐开始，他们的友谊也开始发展了。故选C项。【小题13】考查名词词义辨析。句意：埃莉和埃德温开始定期见面喝咖啡，分享故事，享受彼此的陪伴。A.company陪伴；B.comfort舒适；C.leisure闲暇。根据前文的“EllieandEdwinbeganmeetingregularlyforsharingstories”可知，埃莉和埃德温开始定期见面喝咖啡，分享故事，这是他们彼此的陪伴。故选A项。【小题14】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的关系从杂货店里的随意交谈开始，已经发展成为一段有意义和持久的友谊。A.delicate精致的；B.casual随意的；C.potential潜在的。根据前文的“Itwasduringonethese4conversationsthatEllieencounteredEdwinHolmes,anelderlyregularwho5thathehadnoonespendChristmasinagrocery他们的关系从一次平常的谈话中，老顾客埃德温·霍姆斯透露自己没有人陪他过圣诞节开始，从杂货店里的随意交谈开始。故选B项。【小题15】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们的关系从杂货店里的随意交谈开始，已经发展成为一段有意义和持久的友谊。A.putabout谈论；B.in理解；C.struggledfor为……而斗into成长为。根据前文的“startedwith14conversations”和后文“ameaningfulandenduringfriendship”可知，他们的关系从杂货店里的随意交谈开始，发展成为友谊。故选D项。2.(1)B(2)D(3)B【解析】(1)【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了GreatBooksSummerProgram的四个校园课程，包括课程地点、内容和费用等。细节理解题。根据"Program3:BooksatUniversity"部分关键句"One-week＄2995(一周学费：2995美元)"和peoplegatherexperiencereadingandlifeat（年轻人聚集在斯坦福大学体验阅读和生活）"可知，申请者在斯坦福大学为期一周的课程需要支付的费用为2995美元且这项课程为校内课程，再根据文章最后一段内容"Allon-campusprogramshaveMaterials&Eventsfees＄225foroneweekand＄475fortwo.(所有校内课程的材料和活动费用为一周225美元，两周475美元)"可知，参在为期一周的校内课程还需要支付材料和活动费用225美元。由此可知，申请者在斯坦福大学为期一周的课程总共需要支付的费用是3220美元。所以本题答案为B项。(2)推理判断题。根据"Program4:AShip部分关键句"Thisprogramforhighschoolstudentsmarriesthestudymaritimewithlivingandlearningsail.Timewillbesplitbetweenseminaranddiscussionandsailingeducationwithvisitscoastalislands.（这项针对高中生的课程将海洋文学研究与航海生活和学习结合起来。时间将分为研讨会和讨论、航海教育和访问沿海岛屿）"可知，在第四个课程中包括访问沿海岛屿，这是户外活动。由此可推断出，如果你想做户外练习，你会选择第四个课程。所以本题答案为D项。(3)细节理解题。根据第一段关键句BooksSummerProgramdeliversexcellentforcollegeclassesandthecriticalthinkingsection.(GreatBooksSummer思维部分提供了出色的准备)"可知，GreatBooksSummerProgram的四个校园课程都在为研讨班式大学课程和SAT批判性思维部分提供准备。由此可知，这四个校园3.(1)C(2)A(3)C(4)A【解析】(1)【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一个名叫Fred的人发生意外事故后失去双腿，但他通过手摇自行车运动重新找到了对运动的热情，并开始参加比赛。他参加了纽约市的40英里骑行比赛和2021年的首次马拉松比赛。他在马拉松比赛中表现出色，取得了不错的成绩。他计划继续追求运动目标，希望完成世界上六个最大的马拉松比赛，并有可能参加残奥会。他希望人们从他的故事中学到一些东西，鼓励大家专注于积极的一面，并将大问题分解成小解决方案，从而逐渐获得胜利。推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的"Fouryearsago,wasonhiswayworkwhenheaccidentallyfellthetrackstrainasasubwaytrainwascoming.Theincidentcausedthelossbothhislegs.(四年前，Fred在上班的路上，不小心摔倒在布鲁克林火车的铁轨上，因为地铁列车即将到来。这一事件导致他失去了双腿。)"可知，Fred摔倒在铁轨上被火车碾过导致他失去了双腿，故选C项。(2)细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的"Butthatallchangedafterhewasintroducedhandcycling（手摇自行车运动）.“WhenIsawit.Iwas'Oh,thisisevenneedlegsuseit,thisisperfect."hesaid.(但是，在他被介绍给手摇自行车运动之后，这一切都改变了。"当我看到它时。我当时想，'哦，这太棒了。你甚至不需要腿来使用它，这是完美的。“他说。)"可知，当Fred看到手摇自行车运动的时候他表现出了兴趣，故选A项。(3)主旨大意题。根据第四段中的madeasignificantcommitmenttraining.Herideshishandcycleatleast13.1milesacoupletimesaweekandspendsalottimeinthegym.(他对训练做出了重大承诺。他每周至少骑几次手推车13.1英里，并花很多时间在健身房。)"可知，Fred在努力准备参加比赛，故选C项。(4)推理判断题。根据全文，尤其第四段中"AndheplanspursuinghisathleteHewantscompletetheAbbottSix-thesixlargestmarathons.Onehesaid,“I'llmaybeevenitthe(他计划继续追求他的运动员目标。他想完成雅培六人组——世界上最大的六项马拉松比赛。有一天，他说，“我甚至可能参加残奥会"。)”可知，Fred是一个有决心的人，故选A项。4.(1)C(2)A(3)D(4)A【解析】(1)【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是Phoebe类回声定位技术，为盲人用户开发一种能够帮助他们准确感知周围环境细节的系统。特别地，该系统通过事件相机和专门算法，将乒乓球运动的图像信息转化为声音，然后通过扬声器传达给盲人玩家，使他们能够通过声音来追踪球的运动。【详解】细节理解题。根据第二段"Theprocessuseseventcameraswhich,normalcamerasthatcompleteimagesascene,trackchangesinanimageovertime,makingthemidealfortheobservationsmallobjectstabletennisballs.（该过程使用事件相机，与拍摄场景完整图像的普通相机不同，事件相机可以跟踪图像随时间的变化，使其非常适合观察像乒乓球这样的小物体。）"可知，事件相机与普通相机的不同点在于他们不断地跟随图象的变化。故选C。(2)推理判断题。根据第三段tennishasbeenplayedfordecadesasaaccessibleversiontennis.Thesportiswhilemaintainingarichlevelcompetitive运动。这项运动对初学者是友好的，同时保持了丰富的竞技水平。）"可知，让乒乓球成为这项研究的完美测试案例的是它的独特之处：对初学者友好，同时保持竞技水平。故选A。(3)主旨大意题。根据最后一段limitationsonhowaccuratelypeoplecansoundlocalisation.Whattypesoundshouldbeused?Shouldthesoundbecontinuous?Thisiswhatbetacklinginthenextstagedevelopment（人们感知声音定位的准确度是有限的。应该使用什么类型的声音？这个音应该是连续的吗？这是我们下一个发展阶段要解决的问题）"可知，最后一段关于研究的主要内容是它的技术挑战。故选D。(4)主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段withARIAastartupdevelopingvisionfortheblind,Phoebeisusingtechnologicallyhumanecholocation（回声定位）thatenablesblinduserstheirsurroundingsinprecisedetail.(Phoebe（一家为盲人开发视力的初创公司）合作，使用技术先进的人类回声定位技术，使盲人用户能够准确地感知周围环境的细节。）"和第四段"“Thesmallsizetheandtable,alongwiththemovementthein3Dthingsthattabletennisdifficultplayforthosewithlowvisionandcompleteblindness,"saidwhoiscompletingtheworkforherdegree."Makingthissportaccessiblewhilealsoexploringthepotentialeventcamerasmytwobiggestmotivators,"shesaid.(Peng，正在完成她的学位研究，说："乒乓球和乒乓球台的尺寸太小，再加上球在3D空间中的运动，使得那些视力低下和完全失明的人很难打乒乓球。""让这项运动更容易获得，同时探索赛事摄像机的潜力是我最大的两个动力，"她说。)”可知，本文主要讲的是PhoebeResearch合作，利用先进的人类回声定位技术，为盲人用户开发一种能够帮助他们准确感知周围环境细节的系统。特别地，该系统通过事件相机和专门算法，将乒乓球运动的图像信息转化为声音，然后通过扬声器传达给盲人玩家，使他们能够通过声音来追踪球的运动，因此本文最好的题目是A选项OpensupBlind。故选A。5.(1)B(2)D(3)A(4)C【解析】(1)主旨大意题。根据文章第三段"Theresearchersanalyzedthanadozendifferenttypescommonthatcouldwindupontheaverageplate,includingseafood,pork,andseveralmeatalternatives.TheyestimatedthatanAmericanadultcouldconsume,onaverage,atleast11,000microplasticpiecesper析了十几种不同类型的常见蛋白质，这些蛋白质最终可能出现在普通美国人的盘子里，包括海鲜、猪肉、牛肉、鸡肉、豆腐和几种植物性肉类替代品。他们估计，一个美国成年人平均每年至少会摄入1.1万个微塑料碎片)"可知，本段主要介绍了这项研究的发现。故选B。(2)推理判断题。根据文章第五段"“Whilestillhaveanyideawhatthehumanhealthconsequencesthisifanyatall,needthisseriouslybecausethisisaproblemnot