英国文学选读unit4备课讲稿

英国文学选读教学课件Unit417th-CenturyBritishPoetsJohnDonne(1572-1631)JohnMilton(1608-1674)JohnDonne(1572—1631)ABriefHistoryofJohnDonneJohnDonneismyfavoritepoet.HecomesfromwhatisknownasthemetaphysicalschoolofpoetryintheJacobeanera(詹姆斯一世时代).ThisperiodwasjustafterthetimeofShakespeare.Themetaphysicalpoetsusedalotofthescientificideasofthetimeintheirpoetry.JohnDonnewasraisedasaRomanCatholicinatimewhenmerelybeingCatholiccouldgetyousenttoprison,andharboring(窝藏)apriestanywhereinEnglandcouldgetyouexecutedinverynastyways.Infact,DonnewasadescendantofSirThomasMoore,whowasexecutedforhisbeliefs.Donnestudiedlawatauniversity,butneverreceivedadegreebecausehewouldn‘ttaketheoath(宣誓)declaringtheKingofEnglandastheheadofthechurch.HestruggledwiththepressurespullinghiminthedirectionsofCatholicismandProtestantism(新教教义)aswellashisincreasingunbeliefinanyreligionformostofhisearlylife.Hisearlylovepoetryshowshiswit,hispassion,hisabilitytolovedeeplywhilebeingdistrustfulofwomeningeneral.Hislovepoemsalsoblendsexualandreligiousimagery.Donneservedasasoldierandacourtier(朝臣)forseveralyearsbeforehefinallybecameanapostate(背教者),meaningherenounced(放弃)histieswiththeCatholicchurch.WhenundertheserviceofSirThomasEgerton,KeeperoftheGreatSeal,hesecretlymarriedLadyEgerton'sseventeen-year-oldniece,AnneMore.Thisgothimdischarged.Later,KingJamesdeclaredthattheonlywayDonnewouldadvanceprofessionallywasthroughthechurch.HolySonnet10死神，你莫骄傲，尽管有人说你如何强大，如何可怕，你并不是这样；你以为你把谁谁谁打到了，其实，可怜的死神，他们没死；你现在也还杀不死我。休息、睡眠，这些不过是你的写照，既能给人享受，那你本人提供的一定更多；我们最美好的人随你去得越早，越能早日获得身体的休息，灵魂的解脱。你是命运、机君主、亡命徒的奴隶，你和毒药、战争、疾病同住在一起，罂粟与符咒和你的打击相比，同样，甚至更能催我入睡；那你何必趾高气扬呢?睡了一小觉之后，我们便永远觉醒了，再也不会有死亡，你死神也将死去。(杨周翰译)JohnMiltonwasborninLondoninDecember1608.HewastutoredprivatelyandtheneducatedatSt.Paul’sSchoolandChrist’sCollege,CambridgeUniversity.Hewassaidtobethebestintheuniversityy.HewonhisB.A.in1629andM.A.withdistinction(光荣地)in1632.AfterleavingCambridge,hecouldn’tmakeuphismindastowhattodoandthustookupnoprofession.Helivedwithhisfatherandreadtheclassicswhichpreparedhimforhisvocationasapoet.Itwasthenthathewrote“L’Allegro”,“IlPenseroso”,“Lycidas”(列西达斯),onthedeathofapoetfriendatCambridge,andComus(k科马斯),amasqueorshortmusicalplay.JohnMilton(1608-1674)BetweenthisandthecompositionofParadiseLost,hewrotefewpoems,ofwhichthebestknownare“OnhisBlindness”(哀失明)and“OnhisDeceasedWife.”(梦亡妻)From1637to1639hetravelledthroughFrance,SwitzerlandandItaly.ItwasinItalythatheheardabouttheimminentwarbetweenthekingandthepeople.HewentbacktoEnglandandwroteaseriesofpamphlets(小册子)againstthecorruptionofthebishopsintheAnglicanchurch.HebecamegraduallymoresympathetictothemanycausesofPuritanism.WhenCromwellcametothethrone,MiltonwasappointedLatinsecretarytothenewlyformedCouncilofState,explainingthepositionsoftheyounggovernmentanddefendingthemoralrightoftheCommonwealthtoexecutethehereditarymonarch(世袭君主)andtoruleEnglandwithoutaking.Thejobwasverydemandingandhegraduallybecameblind.Priortohisblindnessin1652,hiseyescouldonlyperceivethedifferencebetweenlightdarkness.Whatisworse,hiswifediedthatyear,leavinghimthreedaughters.DuringtheRestorationMiltonwasnaturallyarrestedandputintoprison,buthislifewassparedbytheking.HereturnedtopoetryandsetaboutcomposingParadiseLost,whichwonhimimmediatefameandsuccessafteritspublicationin1667.ParadiseRegained,hislastgreatpoem,cameoutin1671,togetherwithSamsonAgonistes(力士参孙).MiltondiedonNovember8,1674.HewasburiedinLondoninthesmallchurchofSt.Giles,Cripplegate,whichisstillstanding.Athisdeathhisliteraryreputationwasgrowingrapidlyandby1700ParadiseLost

wasalreadyconsideredasaclassicofEnglishliterature,thegreatestepicintheEnglishlanguage.Thestoryoftheepic(史诗)goesasfollows:SatanandhisfollowersroseagainstGod,buttheyweredefeatedandcastoutofHeavenintoHellbeforeAdamandEvewerecreated.EveninHell,Satanandhisadherentsareplanninganotherplot.HavingmanagedtoescapefromHell,Satanandhisadherentsareplanninganotherplot.HavingmanagedtoescapefromHell,Satangoestothenewlycreatedworldtocorruptman.HavingoverheardthesecretofthetreeofknowledgeofGoodofEvilinthegardenofEden,Satanentersthebodyoftheserpent(snake)andconvincesEvethathehaseatenthefruitofthetreeofKnowledgeandgainedwisdomandspeech.Sheeatsthefruitfromtheforbiddentree,andthenpersuadesAdamtoeatthefruittoo.GodseesallthisandbothAdamandEvearedeprivedofimmortality.Theyareexpelledfromtheparadisetoliveanearthlylifeofhardshipsandsuffering.SatanispunishedbyGodandturnedintoaserpent.ParadiseLost

isinblankverse(无韵诗).Itwaspublishedfirstin1667intenbooks,butinthesecondeditionof1674BooksVIIandXweredividedintotwobookseach,makingittwelvebooks.ThestoryisbasedontheOldTestament:thecreation,therebellionofSatanandhisfellow-angels,theirdefeatandexpulsion,AdamandEve,Satan’stemptationofEve,andtheexpulsionofAdamandEvefromTheGardenofEden.TheremarksofParadiseLost:ThethemeofParadiseLostisexplicitattheopeningofbook1:Man’sdisobedienceandtheconsequentlossofParadise.SatanisseenjustafterheandhisfellowrebelangelshavebeenthrownintoHell.Heisseenchainedontheburninglakeandspeakingtohisnexthighestcomrade,Beelzebub.SatanisstruckbytheradicalchangeinBeelzebub’sappearancecausedbytheFall(亚当和夏娃偷吃禁果导致的人类的灾难),andhemakesthespeechinthetext.HerefusestoserveGod,whomhecallsatyrant.BeelzebubasksSatanwhattheyshoulddonextagainstGod,Satananswersthattheyshoulddoeverythingwithintheirabilitytoper