29 日本福岛核电站核污水排放和核能利用 -2023年中考英语时事热点话题题型专练

29日本福岛核电站核污水排放和核能利用2023年中考英语时事热点话题题型专练背景资料：日本决定核污染水2023年春夏排海2023-01-1315:54·\t"/article/7188041981946724897/_blank"光明网据日本广播协会电视台报道，日本政府13日召开有关处理福岛核事故核污染水的相关阁僚会议，会议确认将于今年春夏期间开始排放福岛第一核电站核污染水。据悉，东京电力公司计划从临海的福岛第一核电站向海中修建一个长约1公里的海底隧道，向太平洋排放处理稀释后的所谓“放射性物质达标”的核污染水。（中新社记者朱晨曦）来源：国是直通车一、单项选择1．—China’sthird-generationnuclear(核能)technologyHuanglongOnewasputintouse.Doyouknow________?—Ofcourse.It’smainlyaboutsafety.TheHuanglongOnereactor(反应堆)hasadouble-layeredshell(双层安全壳).A．what’snewaboutthistechnologyB．howthenucleartechnologyworksC．howlongittakestoresearchthetechnology【答案】A【详解】句意：——中国的第三代核能技术黄龙一号投入使用中。你知道这项技术新的地方是什么吗？——当然，它主要是安全问题。黄龙一号的反应堆有一个双层安全壳。考查宾语从句的用法。what’snewaboutthistechnology这项技术新的地方是什么；howthenucleartechnologyworks核能技术是如何工作的；howlongittakestoresearchthetechnology研究这项技术花了多长时间。根据答句“It’smainlyaboutsafety.TheHuanglongOnereactor(反应堆)hasadouble-layeredshell(双层安全壳).”可知，问句询问你知道这项技术新的地方是什么吗。故选A。2．Itisreportedthat______peoplewerekilledinnuclear(核)accidentinJapan.A．twohundreds B．twohundredsofC．hundredof D．hundredsof【答案】D【解析】试题短文大意：句意：据报道，成百的人在日本死于核事故。Hundred是不可数名词。不能加s，hundredsof表示成百的，根据句意，故选D。考点：考查数词的用法。3．Wehopescientistswillwaystosolvethenuclearpollution(核污染)happenedinJapan.A．bemadeofB．cheerupC．giveupD．comeupwith【答案】D【解析】试题短文大意：句意：我们希望科学家会想出发生在日本的核污染问题。A.bemadeof由……制成；B.cheerup是振奋起来；C.giveup放弃；D.comeupwith想出。结合句意，故选D考点：考查动词词组辨析。4．—MustwestoptheJapanesegovernmentdischargingnuclearwastewater(排放核污水)intothePacificOcean?—________.Becauseeveryoneshouldprotectourearthanditisbad________ustoeatthepollutedseafoodanddrinkthewastewater.A．Yes,wecan;of B．No,wemustn’t;of C．Yes,wemust;for D．No,weneedn’t;for【答案】C【详解】句意：——我们必须阻止日本政府向太平洋排放核污水吗？——是的，我们必须。因为每个人都应该保护我们的地球，吃污染的海鲜和喝废水对我们是不好的。考查一般疑问句及介词用法。根据“MustwestoptheJapanesegovernmentdischargingnuclearwastewaterintothePacificOcean”可知，对于日本政府向太平洋排放核废料这个行为，我们是必须要阻止的，用must表示“必须”。第二个空是固定搭配：bebadfor“对……有害”，故选C。5．—DoyouknowabouttheJapanesenuclearcrisis(核危机)?—Yes.Iknow.A．howaretheydealingwithit B．whatithascausedC．howterriblewasit D．howlongwillitlast【答案】B【解析】本题know后跟的是一个宾语从句，应该用陈述顺序，故选B,ACD都是疑问顺序。6．—It’ssaidthatnuclearpowerwillbeusedtoproduceelectricityinXianning.—However,nuclearpower_________beverydangerous.A．can B．need C．must D．should【答案】A【详解】句意：——据说咸宁将利用核能发电。——然而，核能源可能非常危险。考查情态动词。can可能；need需要；must必须；should应该。根据however表示转折关系，however前表示在咸宁将使用核能源来发电，因此however后表示核能源可能非常危险，此处使用情态动词can表示推测。故选A。7．Intheletter,Einsteinaskedpeopletonuclearweapons.A．giveoff B．giveback C．giveup D．giveout【答案】C【详解】句意：在信里，爱因斯坦呼吁人们放弃核武器。考查动词短语。A.giveoff释放、发出（气味、热量）；B.giveback归还、退还；C.giveup放弃；D.giveout分发、散发。根据句意核武器要放弃。故选C。8．—IamshockedbyJapan’splantodump（倾倒）nuclearwaterintothePacificOcean!—SoamI.Asthesayinggoes,__________.A．liketree,likefruit B．harmset,harmget C．outofsight,outofmind【答案】B【详解】句意：——我对日本向太平洋倾倒核水的计划感到震惊！——我也是。俗话说，害人反害己。考查常识和习语。liketree,likefruit羊毛出在羊身上；harmset,harmget害人反害己；outofsight,outofmind眼不见，心不烦。根据“IamshockedbyJapan’splantodump（倾倒）nuclearwaterintothePacificOcean”可知，日本向太平洋倾倒核水的行为既会伤害别的国家也会伤害自己，故选B。二、完型填空Greenpeaceisaglobal(全球的)environmentalorganizationthathasbeentryingtostopcompaniesandgovernmentsfromdoingbadthingstotheenvironment.Itisknownforitsdirect9intheworld.Andithasmadethepublicknowenvironmentalproblems.In1995,aGreenpeaceshipstoppedaFrenchnuclearweapon(核武器)test.Greenpeacehasalsorepeatedlysentshipsto10whales(鲸鱼)fromJapanesewhalers,whokillwhalesfortheirmeatwhichisusedatexpensiverestaurants.TheGreenpeace11havetriedtostopnuclearweaponsfrombeingbuiltandhavefoughtagainstbigcompaniesandgovernmentsthataredestroyingtherainforestsandotherareaswitha12environment.Greenpeacepayscloseattentiontomanyenvironmentalproblems:whaling,globalwarming,cleanenergyandnuclearpower.Greenpeaceactivistsoftenputthemselvesin13tostoptheactivitiesthattheyareagainst.Theyusesmallboatstotrytostopthekillingofwhales.Theyalso14themselvestotreesthatworkerswanttocutdown.Theysaythattheyaretryingtoprotecttheenvironmentforallofusandforfuturegeneration.15theyhavealotofsupportfrompeoplearoundtheworld,theyhavenotbeenabletostopmanyofthethingstheyarefightingagainst.Theorganization16moneyfromgovernments,politicalpartiesorcompaniesinordertoavoidtheirinfluence.Thepeoplewho17Greenpeacearefromallovertheworld.Whattheyallhaveincommonistheonebigaim—agreenand18futureforall.PeoplefromallwalksoflifecometogetherundertheGreenpeaceflagtospendtheirfreetimefightingfortheenvironment.9．A．plans B．methods C．actions D．tasks10．A．prepare B．protect C．provide D．prevent11．A．ships B．officers C．companies D．members12．A．pleasant B．natural C．special D．wet13．A．danger B．action C．control D．fear14．A．hold B．keep C．hang D．tie15．A．Whether B．Although C．Because D．Unless16．A．refuses B．requires C．accepts D．borrows17．A．setup B．putup C．makeup D．openup18．A．cheerful B．meaningful C．hopeful D．peaceful【短文大意】绿色和平组织是一个国际性的环境保护组织，在1995年的时候，绿色和平组织阻止了法国的一次核试验。这个组织还不断的阻止日本的捕鲸船捕鲸，为了阻止砍伐森林的人砍伐森林，他们把自己绑在树上。这个组织得到了世界各地人们的认可，现在世界各地的人们都意识到了保护环境的意义。【答案解析】9．句意：它以其在世界上的直接行动而闻名。考查名词及语境理解。A.plans计划；B.methods方法；C.actions行动；D.tasks任务。根据上文hasbeentryingtostopcompaniesandgovernmentsfromdoingbadthingstotheenvironment.阻止公司或政府做一些不利于环境的事情，因此可知这句话的意思是“这个组织的因其直接的行动闻名全球”，故答案选C。10．句意：绿色和平组织还多次派遣船只保护鲸鱼不受日本捕鲸者的侵害。考查动词及语境理解。A.prepare准备；B.protect保护，经常用于结构“protect…from…”意思“保护…免受…破坏”；C.provide提供；D.prevent阻止、防止。根据whales(鲸鱼)fromJapanesewhalers,可知，这句话的意思是“绿色和平组织还多次派遣船只保护鲸鱼不受日本捕鲸者的侵害”，故答案选B。11．句意：绿色和平组织的成员试图阻止核武器的制造。考查名词及语境理解。A.ships轮船；B.officers官员；C.companies公司；D.members成员。根据havetriedtostopnuclearweaponsfrombeingbuilt，可知应是绿色和平组织的成员试图阻止核武器的制造，故答案选D。12．句意：并与破坏热带雨林和其他自然环境的大公司和政府进行了斗争。考查形容词及语境理解。A.pleasant令人愉快的；B.natural自然的；C.special特别的；D.wet潮湿的。根据therainforestsandotherareaswitha__4__environment.可知本句句意为“并与破坏热带雨林和其他自然环境的大公司和政府进行了斗争”，故答案选B。13．句意：绿色和平组织的积极分子经常把自己置于危险之中，以阻止他们所反对的活动。考查名词及语境理解。A.danger危险；B.action行动；C.control控制；D.fear害怕。根据Greenpeaceactivistsoftenputthemselvesin__5__tostoptheactivitiesthattheyareagainst.可知句意为“绿色和平组织的积极分子经常把自己置于危险之中，以阻止他们所反对的活动。”空格前面是介词in，和danger构成固定短语，意思是“在危险中”，故答案选A。14．句意：他们还把自己绑在工人想要砍伐的树木上。考查动词及语境理解。A.hold握住；B.keep保持；C.hang悬挂；D.tie绑、系。根据themselvestotreesthatworkerswanttocutdown，可知本句句意为“他们还把自己绑在工人想要砍伐的树木上”，故答案选D。15．句意：虽然他们得到了世界各地人民的大力支持，但他们仍无法阻止他们所反对的许多事情。考查连词及语境理解。A.Whether是否；B.Although尽管、虽然；C.Because因为；D.Unless除非。根据theyhavealotofsupportfrompeoplearoundtheworld,theyhavenotbeenabletostopmanyofthethingstheyarefightingagainst.可知，本句句意为“虽然他们得到了世界各地人民的大力支持，但他们仍无法阻止他们所反对的许多事情”，故答案选B。16．句意：该组织拒绝来自政府、政党或公司提供的资金，这样可以避免受到他们的影响。考查动词及语境理解。A.refuses拒绝；B.requires要求；C.accepts接受；D.borrows借。根据inordertoavoidtheirinfluence，可知本句话的意思是“”，故答案选A。根据inordertoavoidtheirinfluence，可知本句句意为“该组织拒绝来自政府、政党或公司提供的资金，这样可以避免受到他们的影响”，故答案选A。17．句意：组成绿色和平组织的成员是来自世界各地的人。考查动词短语及语境理解。A.setup建起；B.putup张贴；C.makeup组成；D.openup开发。根据Thepeoplewho__9__Greenpeacearefromallovertheworld.可知，本句句意为“组成绿色和平组织的成员是来自世界各地的人”，故答案选C。18．句意：他们有一个共同的伟大目标−−就是为大家建设一个绿色的、和平的未来。考查形容词及语境理解。A.cheerful欢乐的；B.meaningful有意义的；C.hopeful有希望的；D.peaceful和平的。根据Whattheyallhaveincommonistheonebigaim—agreenand__10__futureforall.可知，本句句意为“他们有一个共同的伟大目标−−就是为大家建设一个绿色的、和平的未来。”故答案选D。【点睛】解答完形填空首先要通读全文，掌握大意。结合选项初步弄清短文写了些什么内容。在理解全文意思的基础上，结合文章内容对空缺句子作合乎逻辑的推理。必须弄清空缺词句的确切含义，空缺词句与其前后句的意义衔接必须自然、合理，最后根据语境，结合选项，选出正确答案。如，第2小题，。根据whales(鲸鱼)fromJapanesewhalers,可知，这句话的意思是“绿色和平组织还多次派遣船只保护鲸鱼不受日本捕鲸者的侵害”，故答案选B。第5小题，根据Greenpeaceactivistsoftenputthemselvesin__5__tostoptheactivitiesthattheyareagainst.可知句意为“绿色和平组织的积极分子经常把自己置于危险之中，以阻止他们所反对的活动。”空格前面是介词in，和danger构成固定短语，意思是“在危险中”，故答案选A。三、阅读单选AWhatifyouhadonlythreeminutestotakewhateveryoucouldtakefromyourhome,andtherestwouldbelostforever?Whatwouldyoutake?Japanisoftenhitbynaturaldisasters,likeearthquakes,heavystormsandtunami.Butrecentlythenuclearradiation(核辐射)havebroughtthelong-termdamagetoJapan,manyJapanesehavetoabandontheirlovelyhomes.Theyarenowfacingthefactthattheymaynotbeabletoreturnforalongtime.Withthisinmind,let’sdiscussthevalueofaBugOutBag(B．O.B．forshort).B．O.B．isacollectionofthingsthatyouwouldneedtoliveonifyouhadtoescapefromyourhomewithnopromisesofhousing,foodorwaterduringtheunexpectedsituation.TheB．O.B．shouldincludethefollowingthingsthatareneededforlife:●Asleepingbag,oratleastablankettokeepwarm.●Drinkingwater.●High-calorie,no-cookfoodslikechocolatebiscuits.proteinbars,etc.●First-aidsupplies.●Firestartingmethods,andasmallpottoboilwaterorcook.●Afewbasictoolslikeaknife,somerope,flashlight(手电筒)etc.●Moneyincash.●Adigitalbackupofallyourimportantdocumentsandfamilytreasures.Thiscouldbeinsurance(保险)documents,familyphotosandvideos.YoucouldkeepaB．O.B．bythefrontdoor,orevenhaveseveralbagsathomeattheofficeandinyourcar.ThismightseemlikemorethanneededtosomeofyoubutjustimaginewhatadifferencethiskindofpreparationwouldhavemadetothepeopleofJapan.ThenthinkofthedifferenceaB．O.B．willmakeifthosedisastershappentoyou.19．ThewritertalkedaboutthenuclearradiationinJapaninorderto________.A．showtheimportanceofaBugOutBagB．showhowdangerousanuclearradiationisC．tellustheseriousdamageithasdonetoJapanD．explainwhytheJapanesehavetoleavetheirhomes20．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“abandon”probablymeaninChinese?A．欣赏 B．拆除 C．抛弃 D．修缮21．WhatispurposeofaBugOutBag?A．Tostopdisastersfromhappening. B．Tohelppeopleprotecttheirhomes.C．Tofindoutwhenthedisasterwillcome. D．Tohelppeoplekeepaliveafterdisasters.22．WhichofthefollowingshouldbeputintoaBugOutBag?A．Amap. B．Aknife. C．Araincoat. D．Acamera.23．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．PrepareforDisasters B．EnjoyYourOutdoorLifeC．MakeaChangetoDisasters D．WatchOutforNuclearRadiation【短文大意】本文介绍了在紧急意外的灾害发生的情况下人们该怎么办？就此作者提出了一些建议。让人们在不可预知的灾害下为自己准备好必需的物品，为灾害提前做好准备。【答案解析】19．细节理解题。由第二段第四句“Withthisinmind,let’sdiscussthevalueofaBugOutBag(B.O.B.forshort).”可知，讨论日本的核辐射是为了讨论BugOutBag的价值，故选A。20．词句猜测题。由下文“Theyarenowfacingthefactthattheymaynotbeabletoreturnforalongtime.”可知，现在他们可能很长一段时间都无法返回。由此可推测“Butrecentlythenuclearradiation(核辐射)…Japanesehavetoabandontheirlovelyhomes.”意思是但最近核辐射给日本带来了长期的破坏，不少日本人不得不放弃自己可爱的家园。进而推测“abandon”的意思抛弃、放弃。故选C。21．细节理解题。由第三段“B.O.B.isacollectionofthings…waterduringtheunexpectedsituation.”可知，B.O.B.是帮助你在无法预知的情况下逃离家园时赖以生存的东西。故选D。22．推理判断题。由列举物品中的第6点“Afewbasictoolslikeaknife,somerope,flashlight(手电筒)etc.”可知，刀是B.O.B.所需的，故选B。23．主旨大意题。本文主要在介绍B.O.B.包括什么，有利于让人们在不可预知的灾害下为自己准备好必需的物品，为灾害提前做好准备。可知本文最佳标题为《为灾难做好准备》，故选A。BRightnow,thebiggestsourceofenergy(能源)intheworldisfossilfuel(矿物燃料).Fossilfuelsareoil,gas,andcoal(煤).Morethan80percentoftheworld’senergycomesfromfossilfuel.Therearemanyproblemswithfossilfuel.Oneproblemisthatwhenfossilfuelisburned,itpollutestheair.Also,whenwetakefossilfuelfromtheEarth,weoftencausealotofharm.Anotherproblemisthatwe’rerunningoutofit.Abigsourceofenergyformanycountriesisnuclearpower(核能).Thirty-onecountriesusenuclearpower.Alotofshipsalsouseit.Nuclearpowerhassomeadvantages(优点).Firstofall,wecan’trunoutofnuclearpower.Nuclearpowerdoesnotmaketheairdirty.Also,ifacountryhasnuclearpower,itdoesn’tneedtobuyasmuchoilfromothercountries.However,therearealsoalotofproblemsthatcomewithnuclearpower.Forexample,nuclearaccidentsareveryserious.In1986,therewasanuclearaccidentinRussia.Inthenext20years,about4,000peoplegotsickanddied.In2011therewasanotherveryseriousnuclearaccidentinJapan.Thatwasseveralyearsago,butJapanisstilltryingtocleanupthenuclearwastefromtheaccident.Manypeopledon’twantnuclearpowerintheircountries.Theysaythatit’snotsafe.AlotofpeopleintheUnitedStates,Russia,France,Japan,India,andmanyothercountrieswanttheircountriestousesaferandcleanerwaystogetelectricity(电力).Sometimestheygettogethertoshowtheirstrongdisagreementwithnuclearenergy.Manypeoplehatenuclearenergy,butmoreandmorecountriesareusingit.Onereasonforthisisthattheworldisusingmoreandmoreenergy.Wejustdon’thaveenoughfossilfuel.However,ifweusenuclearpower,thenwemayhavemoreseriousproblemsinthefuture.24．Inthesecondsentenceofthefifthparagraph,whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”mean?A．Thecountry. B．Nuclearpower. C．Aperson. D．Theelectricity.25．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Nuclearpowerisakindoffossilfuels. B．Therewerenonuclearaccidentsin1986.C．Nuclearpoweriseasyenoughtomake. D．Peoplemayrunoutoffossilfueloneday.26．Thefollowingsentencewouldbestbeplacedattheendof________.“That’swhyweneednewsourcesofenergy.”A．Paragraph1 B．Paragraph3 C．Paragraph4 D．Paragraph527．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．ASafeSourceofEnergy? B．TheBestEnergySourceintheWorld!C．EveryoneLovesNuclearPower. D．WeShouldOnlyUseFossilFuels.【短文大意】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了核能作为许多国家的第一能源是否安全的问题。【答案解析】24．词意猜测题。根据第五段“Manypeopledon’twantnuclearpowerintheircountries.”可知，许多人不想在他们国家使用核能；由此推知，核能是不安全的。故it指nuclearpower“核能”。故选B。25．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Wejustdon’thaveenoughfossilfuel.However,ifweusenuclearpower,thenwemayhavemoreseriousproblemsinthefuture.”可知，我们只是没有足够的矿物燃料。然而，如果我们使用核能，那么在未来，或许我们会有更严重的问题。由此推知，D项“有一天人们会用尽矿物燃料”符合语境。故选D。26．推理判断题。“That’swhyweneednewsourcesofenergy.”表示“那就是我们需要新能源的原因”。根据第一段谈到矿物燃料快用光了；第二段谈到一种新的能源；由此推知，该句应用作第一段的结尾句，引出下文。故选A。27．最佳标题题。根据最后两段可知，许多人认为核能是不安全的，但越来越多的国家在使用它，那么它到底是否安全，本文就此展开了讨论。故选A。COURWorldTEENSApril11，2021Dischargethewastewater?NO!TheJapanesegovernmentrecentlydecidedtodischarge(排放)thewastewaterfromtheFukushimanuclearpowerplant（核电站）intothesea,NikkeiAsiasaidonApril9.Theresolutionisscheduledtobeformallyconfirmedatacabinet（内阁）meetingonApril13.PhotobyXinhuaIn2011,apowerfulearthquake—triggeredtsunamidamagedtheFukushimaplant’scoolingsystem.TokyoElectricPowerCompanyHoldingsInc(TEPCO),theplant’soperator,thenusedwatertocooldownthereactor(反应堆).Thewaterplayingthecoolingfunction,however,iscontaminatedwithradioactivematerialsandhasbeenstoredintanks（箱，罐）attheplant.Accordingtothecabinet,thestoragetanksforwastewaterareexpectedtoreachtheupperlimitbyautumn2022.InlateOctoberlastyear,theJapanesegovernmentsaiditwouldgraduallydischargewastewaterintothesea.Thenewswasimmediatelyprotested（抗议）bythepeopleofJapanandtheworld.Underpressure,theJapanesegovernmenthasyettocarryouttheplan.Manyexpertspointedoutthatoncetheradioactivematerialssuchastritium（氚）inthespentnuclearwateraredischargedintothesea,theywillaccompanytheoceancurrentandpollutemanypartsoftheworld.Infact,thereareotherwaystotreatnuclearwastewater,suchasdischargingintotheatmosphereafterevaporation（蒸发）andburyingunderground.Themostdirectwayistobuildnewwaterstoragetanksinthenuclearpowerplant.AnalystspointedoutthatintheviewoftheJapanesegovernment,otherwaysaretime—consuming,laboriousandexpensive,andonlydischargingintotheseaisthemostcost—effectiveway.28．WhichisNOTresponsibleforthecontaminatedwaterwithradioactivematerials?A．Earthquake B．Cabinet C．TEPCO D．Tsunami29．Inwhatsectioncanwereadthenews?A．TEPCO B．ScienceStudy C．OurWorld D．Discovery30．Inpara2,theunderlinedsentenceUnderpressure,theJapanesegovernmenthasyettocarryouttheplanprobablymeansthattheJapanesegovernment________.A．stillhasdecidedtodischargethewastewateranywayalthoughpeopleareagainsttheplan,B．hasn’tdumpedthewastewateryetsinceafairnumberofpeopleareagainsttheplanC．hasdecidedtoreleasethewastewaterprettysoonwithnooneagainsttheplan.D．willnevereverdischargethewaterintotheseawithoutthesupportofpeople.31．WhichofthefollowingsistheWrongwaytotreatthewastewater?A．Buildnewwaterstoragetanksinthenuclearpowerplant. B．Dischargeitintotheatmosphereafterevaporation.C．Buryitunderground. D．Dischargeitintotheseadirectly.32．Whatcanweinferfromthenews?A．Thestoragetanksforwastewatercanholdbywinter2022. B．TheJapanesegovernmentplannedtoquicklydischargewastewaterintothesea.C．Dumpingwastewaterintotheseaisthemostcost—effectivewayforall. D．Oncethewastewaterisdischarged,itwillposethreattoall.【短文大意】文章是一篇新闻报道。内容是关于福岛核电站的废水。【答案解析】28．细节理解题。根据“In2011,apowerfulearthquake—triggeredtsunamidamagedtheFukushimaplant’scoolingsystem.TokyoElectricPowerCompanyHoldingsInc(TEPCO),theplant’soperator,thenusedwatertocooldownthereactor”可知2011年，一场强烈的地震引发的海啸破坏了福岛核电站的冷却系统。该核电站的运营商东京电力公司（TEPCO）随后用水冷却反应堆。未提到“内阁”。故选B。29．细节理解题。根据题目“OURWorld”可知此篇来自《我们的世界》。故选C。30．词句猜测题。根据划线句子“Underpressure,theJapanesegovernmenthasyettocarryouttheplan.”意为“迫于压力，日本政府尚未实施该计划。”由此推知日本政府尚未倾倒废水，因为相当多的人反对该计划。故选B。31．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“oncetheradioactivematerialssuchastritium（氚）inthespentnuclearwateraredischargedintothesea,theywillaccompanytheoceancurrentandpollutemanypartsoftheworld.”可知一旦核废水排入海洋，它们将伴随洋流，污染世界许多地区。所以直接排入大海不可取，是错误的。故选D。32．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“oncetheradioactivematerialssuchastritium（氚）inthespentnuclearwateraredischargedintothesea,theywillaccompanytheoceancurrentandpollutemanypartsoftheworld.”可知一旦核废水排入海洋，它们将伴随洋流，污染世界许多地区。由此推知，废水一旦排放，将对所有人构成威胁。故选D。DChinesePresidentXiJinpingpresentsChina’stopscienceawardtoHuangXuhuaandZengQingcuninBeijing,capitalofChina,Jan,10th2020.Thefollowingissomebasicinformationaboutthe2winners.HuangXuhua,bornin1924inGuangdongprovince.GraduatedfromJiaotongUniversityin1949.Servedinshipbuildingindustry.KnownasthefatherofChina’sownnuclearsubmarine(核潜艇).ZengQingcun,bornin1935inGuangdongprovince.GraduatedfromPekingUniversityin1956,andwenttoSovietUnion(前苏联)forfurtherstudy.Servedasameteorologist(气象学家)。Solvedmanyproblemsinpredictingweather.33．TheceremonytopresentChina’stopscienceawardwasheldin________.A．1949 B．1956 C．202034．WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothephotosandinformation?A．BothawardedscientistsarefromGuangdongprovince,andHuangisolderthanZeng.B．ZengQingcunwenttotheStudentUnionforfurtherstudy,andbecameameteorologist.C．HuangXuhuaworkedintheshipbuildingindustryanddesignedChina’sfirstnuclearsubmarine.35．Wheremightthischart(表格)befrom?A．Anewspaper. B．Atourguide. C．Astorybook.【短文大意】短文主要介绍了中国的两位科学家黄旭华和曾庆存。【答案解析】33．细节理解题。根据文中ChinesePresidentXiJinpingpresentsChina’stopscienceawardtoHuangXuhuaandZenQingcuninBeijing,capitalofChina,Jan,10th2020.中国习近平主席在2020年1月10日，在中国的首都，北京向黄旭华和曾庆存颁发中国最高科学奖可知，故答案为C。34．细节理解题。根据文中HuangXuhua,bornin1924inGuangdongprovince.黄旭华，生于1924年广东省；ZenQingcun,bornin1935inGuangdongprovince.曾庆存，生于1935年广东省可知，两位科学家都来自广东省，并且黄比曾大，故A项正确；根据文中GraduatedfromPekingUniversityin1956,andwenttoSovietUnion(前苏联)forfurtherstudy.在1956年从清华大学毕业，去前苏联深造可知，故B项错误；根据文中Servedinshipbuildingindustry.KnownasthefatherofChina’sownnuclearsubmarine(核潜艇).可知，黄旭华在造船业工作，设计了中国第一艘核潜艇，故C项正确，故答案为B。35．主旨大意题。根据文章大意可知，这个表格可能来自于报纸，故答案为A。EStrongearthquakeshittheeastofJapanintheafternoonofMarch11,causingseveralmeter-hightsunami(海啸),whichkilledmorethan10,000peopleinareasalongthecoast.Severalnuclearplants(核电站)atthecoastwerebrokenbytheearthquakeandtsunami.Peoplelivingneartheplantshavebeenaskedtomoveaway.Peoplelivingwithin30kilometersofthefirstplantareaskedtostayindoorsandcloseallwindows.Thebreakingofthenuclearplantsiscausingelectricityshortages(电力短缺)inEasternJapan.Asaresult,electricityiscutofffor3-hourperiodsintheareaofTokyoandsomeotherareasduringdaytime.Inordertosaveelectricity,someshops,restaurantsandtouristplacesintheareasareclosedforsometimeeveryday.Butallmajorairportsandtrainlinesarestillopenandoperating.Fortheabovereasons,touristsareadvisednottovisittheeasternareasinthenearfuture.VisitstoWesternJapanarenotaffectedbytheevent.Peoplewhoplantotraveloverthecomingweeksandmonthsareadvisedtopayattentiontothesituationforafewmoredaysbeforemakingdecisions.36．Thispassagemayprobablybewrittenbya_____.A．scientist B．traveler C．storywriter D．newsreporter37．Peoplelivingneartheplantswereaskedtomoveawaybecause_____.A．therewouldbemoreearthquakesandtsunamisB．severalnuclearplantshadbeenbrokenC．therewereseriouselectricityshortagesD．theirhouseswerewashedawaybythetsunami38．Theyclosedsomeshopsandrestaurantsforsometimeeverydayto____A．avoidmakingelectricityshortagesevenworseB．avoidmorepeoplegettingtogetherC．rebuildtheirbrokenbuildingsD．keepawayfromnuclearradiation(核辐射)39．Whichofthefollowingisright?A．Theearthquakehappenedbeforethetsunami.B．Theearthquakehappenedafterthetsunami.C．TherewasnoelectricityinEasternJapan.D．PeoplewerenotallowedtovisitWesternJapan.【答案解析】36．理解判断题，纵观全文可知。37．细节理解题，由文中语句“Severalnuclearplants(核电站)atthecoastwerebrokenbytheearthquakeandtsunami.Peoplelivingneartheplantshavebeenaskedtomoveaway”可知。38．细节理解题，由文中语句“Inordertosaveelectricity,someshops,restaurantsandtouristplacesintheareasareclosedforsometimeeveryday.”可知。39．细节理解题，由文中语句“StrongearthquakeshittheeastofJapanintheafternoonofMarch11,causingseveralmeter-hightsunami(海啸),”可知。FNuclear（核）power'sdangertohealth,safety,andevenlifeitselfcanbesummedupinoneword:radiation（辐射）.Nuclearradiationhasacertainmystery（神秘）aboutit,partlybecauseitcannotbefoundbyhumansenses.Itcan'tbeseenorheard,ortouchedortasted,eventhoughitmaybeallaroundus.Thereareotherthingslikethat.Forexample,radiowavesareallaroundusbutwecan'tdetectthem,sensethem,withoutaradioreceiver.Similarly,wecan'tsenseradioactivitywithoutaradiationdetector（探测器）.Butunlikecommonradiowaves,nuclearradiationisnotharmlesstohumanbeingsandotherlivingthings.Atveryhighlevels,radiationcankillananimalorhumanbeingcompletelybykillingmasses（块；团）ofcells（细胞）invital（=veryimportant）organs.Buteventhelowestlevelofradiationcandoseriousdamage.Thereisnolevelofradiationthatiscompletelysafe.Iftheradiationdoesnothitanythingimportant,thedamagemaynotbesignificant.Thisisthecasewhenonlyafewcellsarehit,andiftheyarekilledcompletely,yourbodywillreplacethedeadcellswithhealthyones.Butifthefewcellsareonlydamaged,andiftheyreproducethemselves,youmaybeintrouble.Theyreproducethemselvesinadeformed（畸形）way.Theycangrowintocancer（癌症）.Sometimesthisdoesnotshowupformanyyears.Thisisanotherreasonforsomeofthemysteryaboutnuclearradiation.Seriousdamagecanbedonewithoutthevictim（牺牲者）beingawareatthetimethatdamagehasoccurred.Apersoncanfeelfine,thendieofcancerfive,ten,ortwentyyearslaterasaresult.Orachildcanbebornweakoreasytohaveseriousillnessasaresultofradiationabsorbed（吸收）byitsgrandparents.Radiationcanhurtus.Wemustknowthetruth.40．Nuclearradiationhasacertainmysterybecause____________.A．peoplecan'tfeelit B．peopleknownothingaboutitC．nuclearradiationisn'tharmfultopeople D．peoplehaven'tanydetectors41．Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A．Wecan'tdetectradioactivityevenwithmodernequipment.B．Onlyradiationatveryhighlevelscankillananimalorhumanbeing.C．Ifafewcellsareonlydamaged，healthycellswilltaketheplaceofdeadones.D．Radiationisharmfulnomatterwhatlevelitis.42．Theword"significant"inparagraph3hasthesimilarmeaningwith____________.A．important B．meaningful C．harmful D．obvious43．Radiationcanhurtusinthatitcan__________.A．affectthehealthygrowthofouroffspring（后代）B．damagecellswhichgrowintocanceryearslaterC．killlargenumberofcellsinmainorganssoastocausedeathimmediatelyD．alloftheabove44．What'stheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Emphasizingtheimportanceofprotectionofradiation.B．Solvingthemysteryaboutradiation.C．Discussingthecauseofcancer.D．Introducingthenuclearpower.45．Thebesttitleforthispassagecanbe________.A．Nuclearradiationinourlife B．IllnessinourlifeC．HowtofindNuclearradiation D．Seriousdamageinourlife【短文大意】这篇短文给我们讲述了核辐射的危害。核辐射非常的神秘，因为它看不见、听不见、摸不着、尝不到，但是即使最低水平的辐射也会造成严重的伤害。【答案解析】40．细节理解题。根据短文第二段Nuclearradiationhasacertainmystery（神秘）aboutit,partlybecauseitcannotbefoundbyhumansenses.Itcan'tbeseenorheard,ortouchedortasted,eventhoughitmaybeallaroundus.可知，核辐射很神秘，部分原因是它不能被人感觉到。故选A。41．细节理解题。根据短文第二段Similarly,wecan'tsenseradioactivitywithoutaradiationdetector可知A不对,在现代仪器的帮助下，可以探测到射线；B选项错在Only“仅仅，只有”，任何量的辐射都是有害的；根据第三段Butifthefewcellsareonlydamaged,andiftheyreproducethemselves,youmaybeintrouble.可知C不对，如果仅有部分细胞被伤害，如果它们自己替换，你回遇到麻烦。根据短文第三段Buteventhelowestlevelofradiationcandoseriousdamage.Thereisnolevelofradiationthatiscompletelysafe.可知，即使最低水平的辐射也能造成严重的伤害，没有任何水平的辐射是完全安全的。故选D。42．词义猜测题。important重要的；meaningful有意义的；harmful有害的；obvious明显的。根据单词所在的语境Iftheradiationdoesnothitanythingimportant,thedamagemaynotbesignificant.“如果辐射没有击中任何重要的东西，损害可能并不……”，significant应表示“严重的”，与important意思接近。故选A。43．细节理解题。根据短文第三段以及第四段的内容Atveryhighlevels,radiationcankillananimalorhumanbeingcompletelybykillingmasses（块；团）ofcells（细胞）invital（=veryimportant）organs.…Butifthefewcellsareonlydamaged,andiftheyreproducethemselves,youmaybeintrouble.Theyreproducethemselvesinadeformed（畸形）way.Theycangrowintocancer（癌症）.….Orachildcanbebornweakoreasytohaveseriousillnessasresultofradiationabsorbed（吸收）byitsgrandparents.可知，A、B和C三项都是核辐射对我们的危害。故选D。44．推理判断