Unit9知识点人教版英语八年级下册

Unit9HaveyoueverbeentoamuseumSectionA1.Meneither.我也没/不…=NeitherhaveI或Ihaven't,either.Sb./Sth.+neither表示前面所述的否定情况也同样适用于其他人或物。-Lucycan'tplaytheguitar.-Meneither.Metoo我也一样/如此Sb./Sth.+too表示前面所述的肯定情况也同样适用于其他人或物。-Shelikesshirtsmadeofsilk.-Metoo.2.Let’sgotoonetomorrow.辨析one,that,it①one表泛指，代指前面提到过的同类人或事物中的一个。one代指可数名词单数，复数用ones-Thatboyismybrother.-Whichone?-Theoneonabike.②that表特指，与所指名词同类，但不是同一个可代替上文提到的事情，也可代替不可数名词。ThepopulationofChinaIsmuchlargerthanthatofAmerica.③it用于指代前文提到过的同一事物。-Doyoulikethegame?-Yes,Ilikeit.3.Let’sgosomewheredifferenttoday.复合不定代词谓单形后不定式somewhere复合不定副词4.It’sreallyinteresting,isn’tis?反义疑问句①前肯后否，这时答语yes翻译“是”no翻译“不”。前否后肯，这时答语yes翻译“不”no翻译“是”。Wecangototheislandbyship,can'twe?Tomhasn'tbeentoanBeijing,hashe?②当前面陈述部分有表示否定意义的词如few,little,never,no,nobody,hardly,seldom等时，其后的附加疑问部分应用肯定形式。Thereislittlerubbishinthepark,isthere?5.It’sagreatwaytospendaSaturdayafternoon.agreatwaytodosth.=agreatwayofdoingsth.一个做某事的好方式/方法。thebestwaytosth.6.Ilearnedabouttheinventionsthatledtocolormovies.(1)learn过去式learntlearnabout/of了解，获知/from/todosth./byoneself(2)invent动词“发明，创造”invention可数名词，“发明，发明物”inventor发明家(3)leadto导致，通向,把...引到AllroadsleadtoRome.Theeventledtothestartofthewar.7.I’veneverbeencamping.现在完成进行时have/hasbeen+现在分词动作过去发生持续到现在，刚刚终止或者继续下去IhavebeenlearningEnglishsince2yearsago.Ihavebeenwritingabook.8.It’sunbelievablethattechnologyhasprogressedinsucharapidway!(1)unbelievableunhappyunknownunfair(2)progress①不及物动词，进步，进展Ourcompanycan'tprogressuntilweemploymorepeople.②不可数名词，进步make(great)progress(in…)(在…方面)取得(巨大)进步(3)rapid迅速的，快速的9.Italsoencouragegovernmentsandsocialgroupstothinkaboutwaystoimprovetoilets.(1)encourage及物动词，鼓励encouragement名词，鼓励encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事Parentsshouldencouragechildrentosothingsbythemselves.(2)social形容词，社会的society名词，社会(3)thinkabout思考，思索/of想到，想起，认为/over仔细考虑Ican’tthinkofhosnameatthemoment.10.Theteaartperformancesshowhowtomakeaperfectcupofteawithbeautifulteasets.(1)perform动词，表演，performance可数名词，表演，演出performer演出者，演员(2).perfect反义词imperfectPracticemakesperfect.11.I’vefinallyrealizedwhymygrandpalovesdrinkingteaandcollectingteasets.collect及物动词，收集，采集collection名词，收藏品，收集物，collector收藏家collectstamps/coins12.Well,I’vealreadybeenthereacoupleoftimes,butI’mhappytogoagain.acoupleof两个，一对，几个，后跟可数名词复数。acoupleof…做主语时，谓语动词常用复数。Thelastcoupleofyearshavebeendifficult.Heboughtacoupleofbooksforhisdaughter.12.TherearesomespecialGermanpaintingsthererightnow.GermanGermany德国①形容词，德国的，德国人，德语的②可数名词，德国人，Germans③不可数名词，德语13.ride①可数名词，供乘骑的游乐设施Wewentonmanyridesintheamusementpark.②可数名词，短途旅程It’saten-minutebusridefromheretotown.③动词，骑，骑马ridebikesto+地点骑自行车去Ilearnedtorideasachild.Theboysridetheirbikestoschool.SectionB1.HaveyoutriedChinesefood(1)try过去式triedtrytodosth.尝试做某事/trydoingsth.努力做某事②及物动词，品尝，尝试，后接表示食品或饮料的名词、代词作宾语Singaporeisagreatplacetotrynewfood.③名词，尝试haveatry(2)thousandsof①数词，一千。当表示确切数目时用“基数词+thousand;如果thousand前为表示不确切数目的词，如afew,some,several等，thousand后也不加s。②thousandsof:表示概数，意为“数以千计的;成千上万的”，这时thousand后加-s，且后面有介词of，此时不能与数词连用。Severalthousandinventionsarelistedonthewebsite.Thousandsofcompetitorsjoinedinthecompetition.hundred“百million“百万bilion“十亿”与thousand用法类似。Thefamouswriterhassoldmorethanthree______booksaroundtheworld.A．millionB．millionsC．millionofD．millionsofThereare300studentsintheschool,andonehundredofthemaregirls.2.safe形容词，安全的，无危险的反义词dangeroussafety名词，安全safely副词，安全地Weputsaltonicyroadstomakethemsafe.It’snotsafetoswimintheriver.3.Ontheonehand,morethanthreequartersofthepopulationareChinese,soyoucansimplyspeakPutonghuaalotofthetime.Ontheotherhand,SingaporeisanEnglishspeakingcountry,soit’salsoagoodplacetopracticeyourEnglish.(1)ontheonehand…ontheotherhand一方面…另一方面…Ontheonehand,thisjobdoesn’tpayverymuch;ontheotherhand,Ican’tgettogether.(2)threequarters四分之三quarter四分之一英语中分数表达法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1时，分母加s。threefourths拓展：分数+of+名词做主语时，谓语单复数看后面接的名词。Threefifthsofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.Onefifthofthewaterisdirty.(3)simply仅仅相当于onlysimpleThereisnoneedtogetangry,I’msimplyaskingyouhelpme.(4)practice及物动词,练习,其后可接名词、代词或动词ing形式作宾语。practicedoingsth.练习做某事①IpracticeEnglisheverymorning.Hepracticesplayingthepianoeveryday.②不可数名词，练习Learninganewlanguageneedsalotofpractice4.Maybeyoufearthatyouwon’tbeabletofindanythinggoodtoeatwhenyoutravel.fear①及物动词,害怕;惧怕其后可接名词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式或从句作宾语。Micefearcats.Hefearstotellhisparentsthetruth.Theshygirlfearslookingupatothers.Thepolicefearthattheremaybefurtherterroristattacks.②名词,害怕;恐惧Hiseyesshownofear.5.WhetheryoulikeIndianfood,WesternfoodorJapanesefood,you’llfinditallinSingapore.(1)whether连词①不管…(还是);或者…(或者)可与or(not)连用，引导让步状语从句。Whethershewinsorloses，thisisherlastgame.Whetheryousucceedornotyoushouldtryyourbest.②是否,引导宾语从句。Iwonderwhetherhelikescollectingoldcoins.(2)Indian①形容词，印度的②名词，印度人国家人语言ChinaChineseChineseJapanJapaneseJapaneseAmerica/USAmericanAmericanAustraliaAustralianEnglishFranceFrenchmanFrenchGermanyGermanGermanIndiaIndianEnglish/HindiBritain/England/UKEnglish/theBritishEnglish6.whenever连词，在任何…的时候;无论何时，可以引导让步状语从句，与nomatterwhen同义。Youcanaskforhelpwheneveryouneedit.whatever=nomatterwhat无论什么whoever=nomatterwho无论谁however=nomatterhow不管怎样whichever=nomatterwhich无论哪个wherever=nomatterwhere无论哪里现在完成时一．基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他Yes,sbhave/hasNo,sbhaven’t/hasn’t④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句二.用法表示一个过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在产生的结果或影响如：Haveyoureadthatstory？你读过那个故事吗？（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是：是否知道故事的内容。）Ihaveboughttwoapples．我买了两个苹果。（“买”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果。）常与现在完成时连用的几个副词：already，just，ever，yet，never等。already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑问句和否定句中。如：Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework．我已经做完家庭作业了。Hehasjusthadhismeal．他刚吃过饭。HaveyoueversungthisEnglishsong？你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？Theyhaven'tstartedyet．他们还没有动身。Wehaveneverheardofit．我们从来没有听说过这件事。常和just,before,already,ever,never,yet等连用。2.表示从过去开始一直持续到现在,而且还可能继续下去的动作或状态,往往和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,诸如“since+时间点”或“since从句”,“for+时间段”,thesedays等。如:Hehaslivedheresince1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears.我学英语三年了。3.英语中的动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性两种,在现在完成时态中一定要注意动词的这一特性。当现在完成时句子中有段时间状语时,应将这类非延续性动词转换为延续性动词。常见的转换情况如下:arrive→behere,borrow→keep,buy→have,comeback→beback,die→bedead,join→beamemberof,leave→beaway(from),puton→wear等。如:他爷爷去世两年了。误:Hisgrandpahasdiedfortwoyears.正:Hisgrandpahasbeendeadfortwoyears.[友情提示]若仍想用这个非延续性动词,就必须将时间段变为过去的时间点,时态变为一般过去时;或将整个句子变为“Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since从句”。如:我买这部手机两年了。(必须用buy)误:Ihaveboughtthemobilephonefortwoyears.正:Iboughtthemobilephonetwoyearsago.正:Itis/hasbeentwoyearssinceIboughtthemobilephone.三．现在完成时态与其他时态的区别:1.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别:一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的事情、存在的状态或经常发生的动作,不强调对现在产生的影响;而现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,不和确定的过去时间状语连用。如:Ihavetaughthereforfifteenyears.我在这儿教书教了十五年。Itaughtheretwoyearsago.我两年前在这儿教书。2.现在完成时和过去完成时的区别:二者的相同之处是其动作均开始于过去,差别在于该动作的截止时间:若动作截止到现在要用现在完成时;若动作截止于过去要用过去完成时。如:Ihavefinishedmyhomework.我已做完了作业。Hesaidhehadfinishedhishomework.他说他已做完了作业。Theplanehasarrived.飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿。）Theplanearrivedaquarterofanhourago.飞机是一刻钟以前抵达的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去。）3.现在完成时