《钢结构安装》课件-3.6.4 钢梁和劲性砼安装

3.6.4多层及高层钢结构钢梁和劲性砼的安装

3.6.4Installationofmulti-storeyandhigh-risesteelstructuralsteelbeamsandrigidconcrete第一：钢梁的安装First:theinstallationofsteelbeams第二：劲性混凝土钢结构施工Second:rigidconcretesteelstructureconstruction一、钢梁的安装

First:theinstallationofsteelbeams1First钢梁吊装宜采用专用吊具，两点绑扎吊装。吊升过程中必须确保钢梁处于水平状态。一机同时起吊多根钢梁时的绑扎要牢固可靠，且利于逐一安装Steelbeamliftingshouldusespecialspreaders,two-pointlashingandhoisting.Itmustbeensuredthatthesteelbeamisinahorizontalstateduringtheliftingprocess.Whenliftingmultiplesteelbeamsatthesametime,thelashingshouldbefirmandreliable,anditisconducivetoinstallationonebyone两点绑扎吊装钢梁Two-pointlashingandhoistingsteelbeam一机同时起吊多根钢梁Onemachineliftsmultiplesteelbeamsatthesametime

一、钢梁的安装

First:theinstallationofsteelbeams2Second在安装柱与柱之间的主梁时，必须跟踪测量、校正柱与柱之间的距离，并预留安装余量，特别是节点焊接收缩量，以达到控制变形、减小或消除附加应力的目的Wheninstallingthemainbeambetweencolumns,itisnecessarytotrackandmeasureandcorrectthedistancebetweencolumns,andreservetheinstallationmargin,especiallytheamountofweldingshrinkageofnodes,soastocontroldeformationandreduceoreliminateadditionalstress两点绑扎吊装钢梁Two-pointlashingandhoistingsteelbeam一机同时起吊多根钢梁Onemachineliftsmultiplesteelbeamsatthesametime

一节柱一般有2～4层梁，原则上横向构件由上向下逐层安装，由于上部和周边均处于自由状态，易于安装和质量控制。另外，通常情况下，同一列柱的钢梁从中间跨开始对称地向两端扩展安装。同一跨钢梁，先安装上层梁，再安装中、下层梁。一节柱的一层梁安装完毕后，立即安装本层的楼梯及压型钢板等Asectioncolumngenerallyhas2~4layersofbeams,inprinciple,thetransversemembersareinstalledlayerbylayerfromtoptobottom,becausetheupperpartandthesurroundingareinafreestate,easytoinstallandqualitycontrol.Inaddition,itiscommonforsteelbeamsofthesamecolumntoextendsymmetricallytobothendsfromthemiddlespan.Forthesamespansteelbeam,theupperbeamisinstalledfirst,andthenthemiddleandlowerbeamsareinstalled.Aftertheinstallationofthefirstfloorbeamofonecolumn,thestairsandprofiledsteelplatesofthisfloorareinstalledimmediately次梁根据施工情况一层一层地安装实施Thesecondarybeamisinstalledandimplementedlayerbylayeraccordingtotheconstructionsituation同一根梁两端的水平度，允许偏差((L/1000)+3mm；最大不超过l0mm，如果钢梁水平度超标，主要原因是连接板位置或螺孔位置有误差，可采取换连接板或塞焊孔重新制孔处理Levelnessatbothendsofthesamebeam,allowabledeviation((L/1000)+3mm;Themaximumdoesnotexceedl0mm,ifthelevelnessofthesteelbeamexceedsthestandard,themainreasonisthatthereisanerrorinthepositionoftheconnectingplateorthepositionofthescrewhole,andtheconnectingplateorplugweldingholecanbereplacedandre-made

梁与柱的连接Theconnectionofthebeamtothecolumn柱与柱接头和梁与柱接头的焊接，以互相协调为好，一般可以先焊一节柱的顶层梁，再从下向上焊各层梁与柱的接头，柱与柱的接头可以先焊，也可以最后焊Columnandcolumnjointandbeamandcolumnjointwelding,tocoordinatewitheachotheraswell,generallycanfirstweldthetopbeamofacolumn,andthenweldthejointsofeachlayerofbeamandcolumnfromthebottomup,thejointofcolumnandcolumncanbeweldedfirst,orfinallywelded

梁与柱的连接Theconnectionofthebeamtothecolumn柱与柱节点及梁与柱节点的连接，原则上对称施工、相互协调。框架梁与柱连接通常采用上下翼板焊接、腹板栓接；或者全焊接、全栓接的连接方式。对于焊接连接，一般先焊一节柱的顶层梁，再从下向上焊接各层梁与柱的节点。柱与柱的节点可以先焊，也可以后焊。混合连接一般采用先栓后焊的工艺，螺栓连接从中心轴开始，对称拧固。钢管混凝土柱焊接接长时，严格按工艺评定要求进行，确保焊缝质量Theconnectionbetweencolumnsandcolumnnodesandbeamsandcolumnnodesisinprinciplesymmetricalandcoordinatedwitheachother.Theconnectionbetweenframebeamandcolumnisusuallyweldedbyupperandlowerwingplatesandboltedwebs;Orall-welded,fullyboltedconnection.Forweldingconnections,thetopbeamofonecolumnisgenerallyweldedfirst,andthenthenodesofeachlayerofbeamandcolumnareweldedfromthebottomup.Column-to-columnjointscanbeweldedfirstorlater.Hybridconnectionsgenerallyadopttheprocessofboltingfirstandthenwelding,andtheboltedconnectionstartsfromthecentralaxisandisscrewedsymmetrically.Whenthesteelpipeconcretecolumnisweldedandlong,itiscarriedoutinstrictaccordancewiththeprocessevaluationrequirementstoensurethequalityoftheweld梁柱接头-栓焊混合式Beam-columnjoint-boltweldinghybridtype梁柱接头-全焊接式Beamandcolumnjoints-fullywelded梁柱接头-全栓接式Beamandcolumnjoints-fullyboltedtype在第一节柱及柱间钢梁安装完成后，即可进行柱底灌浆，如图所示。灌浆方法是先在柱脚四周立模板，将基础上表面清除干净，清除积水，然后用高强度无收缩砂浆从一侧自由灌入至密实，灌浆后用湿草袋或麻袋覆盖养护。Aftertheinstallationofthefirstsectionofcolumnsandthesteelbeamsbetweenthecolumns,thebottomgroutingofthecolumncanbecarriedout,asshowninthefigure.Thegroutingmethodistofirsterectatemplatearoundthecolumnfoot,cleanthesurfaceofthefoundation,removestagnantwater,andthenfreelypouritfromonesidetothedensewithhigh-strengthnon-shrinkagemortar,andcoveritwithwetgrassbagsorsacksaftergrouting.1-柱基2-钢柱3-无收缩水泥砂浆垫块4-钢板5-模板图1-columnbase2-Steelcolumns3-Noshrinkagecementmortarpad4-Steelplate5-Templatediagram二、劲性混凝土钢结构施工Second:rigidconcretesteelstructureconstruction

劲性混凝土钢结构是在钢结构柱、梁周围配置钢筋，浇筑混凝土，钢构件同混凝土连成一体，共同作用的一种结构。劲性混凝土钢结构分为埋入式和非埋入式两种。埋入式构件包括劲性混凝土梁、柱、剪力墙、钢管混凝土柱及内藏钢板剪力墙等；非埋入式构件包括钢-混凝土组合梁、压型钢板组合楼板等。劲性混凝土结构的钢构件分为实腹式和格构式，并以实腹式为主。Rigidconcretesteelstructureisastructurethatisequippedwithsteelbarsaroundsteelstructurecolumnsandbeams,pouredconcrete,andsteelcomponentsareintegratedwithconcrete.Rigidconcretesteelstructureisdividedintotwotypes:buriedtypeandnon-buriedtype.Embeddedcomponentsincluderigidconcretebeams,columns,shearwalls,steeltubeconcretecolumnsandbuilt-insteelplateshearwalls;Non-embeddedcomponentsincludesteel-concretecompositebeams,profiledsteelplatecompositefloorslabs,etc.Thesteelcomponentsoftherigidconcretestructurearedividedintosolidbellytypeandlatticetype,andthesolidbellytypeisthemaintype.基础验收Basicacceptance钢结构柱安装Steelstructurecolumninstallation钢结构梁安装Steelstructurebeaminstallation钢筋绑扎Rebarlashing支模板、浇混凝土Supportformwork,pouredconcrete劲性混凝土钢结构施工工艺流程Constructionprocessofrigidconcretesteelstructure劲性混凝土结构钢柱截面形式多为“+”、“L”、“T”、“H”、“O”、“口”形等几种形式，和混凝土相接触的熔焊拴钉多在钢构件出厂时施工完毕。构件运至施工现场，经验收合格，进行安装、校正、固定，方法与框架结构相同Thecross-sectionalformsofsteelcolumnsofrigidconcretestructuresaremostly"+","L","T","H","O","mouth"andotherforms,andthefusionweldingnailsincontactwithconcretearemostlycompletedwhenthesteelcomponentsleavethefactory.Thecomponentsaretransportedtotheconstructionsite,theexperienceisqualified,andtheinstallation,correctionandfixationarecarriedoutinthesamewayastheframestructure十字形钢柱Cross-shapedsteelcolumnsH形钢柱H-shapedsteelcolumnStiffsteelbonecolumn劲性混凝土钢结构构件中的钢结构梁的安装方法和框架梁安装方法相同。无框架梁的结构，为保证钢柱的空间位置，需通过增设支撑体系来固定钢构件，确保钢柱安装、焊接后空间位置的准确。钢结构梁上面的熔焊栓钉一般在工厂加工。无梁劲性混凝土钢柱和混凝土梁的连接较复杂，特别是箍筋和主筋穿过柱和梁时的位置较复杂，工艺交叉多，故处理要细致，钢筋要贯通。混凝土梁的浇筑最好与柱的混凝土浇筑错开，避免混凝土产生裂缝。Theinstallationmethodofsteelstructurebeaminrigidconcretesteelstructuremembersisthesameastheinstallationmethodofframebeam.Forthestructurewithoutframebeam,inordertoensurethespatialpositionofthesteelcolumn,itisnecessarytofixthesteelcomponentbyaddingasupportsystemtoensuretheaccuracyofthespatialpositionofthesteelcolumnafterinstallationandwelding.Thefusionweldingboltsonthesteelstructurebeamsaregenerallyprocessedinthefactory.Theconnectionbetweenbeamlessconcretesteelcolumnandconcretebeamismorecomplicated,especiallythepositionofstirrupsandmainreinforcementthroughthecolumnandbeamismorecomplicated,andtherearemanyprocesscrosses,sothetreatmentshouldbemeticulousandthesteelbarshouldbepenetrated.Thepouringofconcretebeamsisbeststaggeredwiththeconcretepouringofcolumnstoavoidcracksintheconcrete.劲性钢柱与混凝土之间靠溶焊栓钉加强连接Theconnectionbetweentherigidsteelcolumnandtheconcreteisstrengthenedbyameltingbolt钢结构构件安装完成后，进行钢筋绑扎、混凝土浇筑。对于钢管混凝土结构，每层楼的钢管柱安装、固定、校正后，要采用合理的工艺确保焊接变形受控。然后绑扎钢筋，一般钢管柱内外均设有柱端连接竖筋以及穿柱、梁主筋，梁柱接点处设置环形加强钢筋等。钢管安装后，进行柱内环形箍筋的绑扎，然后再进行下道工序的施工。Aftertheinstallationofthesteelstructurecomponents,steelbarlashingandconcretepouringarecarriedout.Forsteeltubeconcretestructures,afterthesteelpipecolumnsofeachfloorareinstalled,fixedandcalibrated,areasonableprocessshouldbeusedtoensurethattheweldingdeformationiscontrolled.Thentiethesteelbars,generallytheinsideandoutsideofthesteelpipecolumnareequippedwithcolumnendconnectionverticalbarsandpierci