中考题型分类突破 题型十 写作 考点01 说明文（解析版）

中考题型分类突破题型十写作考点01说明文一、写作（共1题，满分15分）假如你是李华，上周末到青岛拜访你的朋友美国留学生MikeHarris，将背包遗落在他的房间里，包内有学生证、i-pad和英语词典。请你给他写一封电子邮件说明情况，让他尽快将背包寄回，并邀请他到黄海市共度暑假。邮寄地址：黄海市红星中学9年级1班要求：1.根据内容，可适当发挥2.文中不能出现真实的人名和校名3.词数90左右。DearMike,IreallyenjoyedmystaywithyouinQingdaolastweekend.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua体裁说明文话题旅游词数118参考答案：DearMike,IreallyenjoyedmystaywithyouinQingdaolastweekend.Youweresokindandfriendlytotreatmetothelocalfood,andshowmearoundthecity.ItisreallynicetovisitQingdao,whosebeautifulsceneryanddeliciousfoodgavemeagoodimpression.ButIforgotmybaginyourroombecauseofmycareless.Therearestudentcards,i-padandanEnglishdictionaryinmybag.Iexpectyoutosendittomeassoonaspossible.TheaddressisClass1,grade9,Hongxingmiddleschool,Huanghai.AtlastIwouldliketoinviteyoutovisitHuanghai.I’llactasaguidetoshowyouaroundtheplacesofinterestinmyhometown.Lookingforwardtoyourreply. Yours,LiHua二、书面表达（本大题共10分）假设你名叫张华，是“2018无锡马拉松”组委会的一名工作人员。近日，外联络部转发给你一位牙买加选手的电子邮件，并附上了组委会的处理意见。请根据邮件内容及处理意见给他回复。Dearsir/madam,I'mAlfredfromJamaica.Itookpartin2018WuxiMarathononMarch25andIgotasilvermedal.Ididn'trealizeyouhadgotmynamewronguntilIshowedthemedaltomyfriends.MyfamilynameisMorrison,withdouble'r'.However,there'sonlyone'r'onthemedal.Howcouldthishappen?!:-(Yourssincerely,AlfredMoRRison处理意见：1.重制奖牌，6月25日前寄出；2.提供一张免费机票作为补偿(compensation),两年内可从世界任意地点飞往上海；3.旧奖牌须收回。注意事项：1.邮件内容须根据处理意见自拟，要求语句通顺、意思连贯、符合情境；2.词数在80个左右，邮件的首尾已在答题卡上给出，不计入总词数；3.邮件必须写在答题卡指定的位置上。体裁说明文话题处理意见词数80左右DearMorrison:Itistruethatwehavegotyournamewrong.Iamsorryformakingsuchamistake.Wehavedecidedtohavemadeanewmodelforyouafterdiscussingit.ItwillbesenttoyoubeforeJune25th.Meanwhile,wewillofferyouafreeairticketascompensation.YoucanflytoShanghaifromanywhereovertheworldwithintwoyears.Buttheoldmodelmustbetakenback.Ifyouhaveanythingelse,pleasecontactwithusanytime.Thankyouforsupportingourworkandwishyouagoodtrip!Yourssincerely,ZhangHua三、书面表达（共20分）某英文报以“书包伴我学习，伴我成长”为主题，举办中学生征文活动。请你以“MySchoolbag”为题写一篇100词左右的短文。内容包括书包的外形特征、用途和由书包引发的思考。要求：1.语言通顺，表达准确，要点齐全，行文连贯。2.文中不得出现真实姓名、校名和地名，否则不予赋分。3.请在答题卡指定位置作答，否则无效。参考词汇：looklike,beusedfor/to,problems,expect,freetimeMySchoolbag【审题指导】1.本文要求考生所给提示要点，写一篇以“Myschoolbag”为题的短文，属于说明文。2.在介绍我的书包的外形特征、用途等情况时，应该采用第三人称，时态方面采用一般现在时。当谈论自己由书包所引发的思考时，应该使用第一人称，时态方面要正确运用一般现在时。3.表达准确，要点齐全，行文连贯；不得出现真实信息；要包含所有提示要点，不得有所遗漏。词数不少于80词。【写作指导】Myschoolbag要点提示素材串联开头：开门见山，引出话题。1.它看起来像(looklike)一张薄煎饼。2.我每天都背着它(withitonmyback)去上学。正文：详细介绍我的书包里面所装的用品和用途，以及我由书包所引发的思考。1.在我的书包里有(therebe)课本、练习册、笔记本和铅笔盒。2.我把饮料瓶放在书包侧边的口袋里(put…in)。3.众所周知(asyouknow)，我的书包里的书太多(somany)了，因此它非常沉重(veryheavy)。4.每天我不得不完成(havetofinish)大量的作业。5.我没有足够的时间睡觉(noenoughtimetosleep)，我需要放松自己(relaxmyself)。6.我期望能做我想要做的事情(whatIwanttodo)。结尾：表达自己的愿望。每次(everytime)我看见我的书包，我渴望它能变得更小更轻(howIwishitcouldbemuchsmallerandlighter)。体裁说明文话题学习用品字数144【高分范文】Ihavealovelyschoolbag.It’sbigandgreen.Itlookslikeabigpancake.Igotoschoolwithitonmybackeveryday.It’smyclosestfriend.Inmyschoolbag,therearetextbooks,workbooks,notebooksandaredpencil-boxwithpens,pencils,rulersanderasersinit.Iputmydrinkingbottleinitssidepockets.Asyouknow,therearesomanybooksinmyschoolbagsoit’sveryheavy.EverydayIhavetofinishlotsofhomeworkfrommostofthesubjects.Ihavenoenoughtimetosleep.Iamreallytired.Ineedtorelaxmyself.IexpecttodowhatIwant.Ihavetokeepabalancebetweenstudyandrest.EachtimeIseemybag,howIwishitcouldbemuchsmallerandlighter!四、书面表达（15分）假如国外中学生来你校进行为期一周的交流学习，期间计划参加一项中国传统文化的主题活动，为此像你们征求活动方案(plan)。请你根据下面表格中的信息提示，写一篇英语短文，介绍你提供的活动方案，内容包括：茶或者民乐介绍，活动安排以及与至相关的理由。ChineseCultureIntroductionScheduleReasonsTeaPastandpresentTime:Places:teafarm,teahouseActivities:1.teaprocessing2.ateaartperformance...FolkMusicMusicpiecesandtraditionalinstrumentsTime:Places:musicroom,schoolhallActivities:1.takemusicalinstrumentclasses2.attendafolkmusicconcert...要求：1.从表格中任选一个主题，合理安排活动；2.短文条理清楚，行文连贯，内容可适当发挥；3.短文中不能出现真实的人名和地名；4.词数不少于80，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Hello，friends.I'vegotaplanforyouwhichmayhelpyoulearnaboutChineseculture.Firstofall,I'dliketointroduce___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Hopeyouwillhaveagoodtime.【审题指导】细读所给的文字提示，提取以下信息：1.介绍一项以中国传统文化为主题的活动方案，介绍茶或者民乐，活动安排以及理由，因此文章为说明文；2.写作时注意人称的灵活应用；3.文章通常用一般现在时，偶尔涉及将来时；4.词数不少于80词，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数，不得出现真实的人民和地名。【写作指导1】要点提示素材串联开头：茶在中国非常流行茶有悠久的历史，在中国茶是最流行的饮料之一。（Itissaidthat…,oneof）正文：关于茶的活动安排周六上午参观茶农场，了解茶加工过程；（where定语从句，learnabout）周六下午去茶房；（begoingtodo,teahouse，performance）结尾：参观茶房的理由参观茶房可以学习茶文化，看到穿着中国传统制服的年轻女士用茶具给你展示如何制作茶，你还可以享受好听的传统民族音乐（avisitto,teaculture,acupof,traditionalfolkmusic）高分范文：Hello，friends.I'vegotaplanforyouwhichmayhelpyoulearnaboutChineseculture.Firstofall,I'dliketointroducetea.Ithasalonghistory.ItissaidthatShenNongdiscovereditasadrink.TeaisoneofthemostpopulardrinksinChina.Sowewillhavesomeinterestingactivitiesaboutitforyou.OnSaturdaymorning,youaregoingtovisitabigfarmwhereyoucanlearnaboutteaprocessing.OnSaturdayafternoon,youaregoingtoateahouseafterdinnerwhereyoucanwatchateaartperformance.Whydoweplanavisittoateahouseforyou?Becauseyoucanlearnalotmoreaboutteaculturethere.YouwillseeayoungladyinaChinesetraditionaldresswhoshowsyouhowacupofteaismadewithteasets.Youcanenjoyitandrelaxyourselveswhilelisteningtopiecesoftraditionalfolkmusic.Hopeyouwillhaveagoodtime.【写作指导2】要点提示素材串联开头：民族音乐歌曲和乐器著名的民族音乐和不同的音乐乐器。（manypiecesof,suchas,musicalinstruments.）正文：关于民族乐器的活动安排周五下午上音乐乐器课；（begoingto,take…classes，teachsb.sth.）周六晚上参加民族音乐会。（attend，intheschoolhall）结尾：举行音乐会的理由享受一些著名民族音乐的好机会，你会沉迷其中。（holdaconcert,It'sagoodchanceforsb.todosth.loseoneselfin）高分范文：Hello，friends.I'vegotaplanforyouwhichmayhelpyoulearnaboutChineseculture.Firstofall,I'dliketointroduceChinesefolkmusic.WehavemanyfamouspiecesofmusicsuchasJasmineFlowersandGaoshanLiushui.Wehaveerhu,diziandmanyotherdifferentmusicalinstruments.Sowewillhavesomeinterestingactivitiesaboutitforyou.YouaregoingtotakemusicalinstrumentclassesonFridayafternoonandourmusicteachersaregoingtoteachyouhowtoplaymusicalinstrumentsinthemusicrooms.OnSaturdaynight,youaregoingtoattendafolkmusicalconcertintheschoolhall.Whywillweholdaconcertforyou?Therearetalentedstudentsfromourschoolwhocanplayverywell.It'sagoodchanceforyoutoenjoythebeautyofsomefamouspiecesoffolkmusicandyouwillsurelyloseyourselvesinthem.Hopeyouwillhaveagoodtime.五、今年上映的大型纪录片《厉害了！我的国》AmazingChina!展现了我国近几年来各个领域的巨大变化和取得的伟大成就。请你以AmazingChina!为题，从中学生的角度介绍你身边的变化。写作要求：1.表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯。2.词数：80词左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）。3.文中不得出现真实的姓名，校名和地名。（参考词汇：freebreakfast,shared-bikes(共享单车),high-speedtrain(高铁),subway(地铁)，WeChatPay(微信支付),communityservice(社区服务),lifequality）Amazing!China!I’mveryproudofmycountry-China,especiallyafterwatchingthedocumentaryAmazing!China!Actually,ourlifehaschangedalotinrecentyears.体裁说明文话题国家与民族词数【审题指导】1.本题要求考生结合所给提示要点，写一篇结合身边的发展变化，反映中国近年来在各个领域所发生的巨大变化，以及取得的伟大成就的文章，属于说明文。2.因为介绍的是周围社会环境的发展变化，应该采用第三人称；因为介绍的是社会现象，故时态方面采用一般现在时。3.要包含所有提示要点，并且有所发挥。4.语句通顺，意思连贯，语法正确；不得出现真实信息；词数不少于80词。【写作指导】AmazingChina!要点提示素材串联开头：介绍国家更强大，社会在发展引出话题。近年来我们的生活变化很大(haschangedalotinrecentyears)。正文：具体介绍周围环境所发生的巨大的发展变化。1.共享单车对我们来说去较近(nottoofarawayfrom)的地方旅行很有用、方便(helpfulandconvenient)。2.许多饭店给老人和残疾人提供免费的早餐(freebreakfast)。政府提供(providesth.forsb.)教材和饭食等给中小学生。六十岁以上的老人(oversixtyages)每月可领到一些养老金。3.到处都是高铁、地铁和高速公路，表明中国在世界上发展是最快的(developingfastest)。4.微信支付被广泛应用(iswidelyused)方便快捷。5.社区服务(communityservices)全面周到，人们的生活质量(lifequality)提高。结尾：谈论自己对中国的迅速发展和富强的的感受和体会。1.中国是多么的神奇啊(Howamazing)！2.我们为我们的国家感到自豪(beproudof)。【高分范文】Amazing!China!I’mveryproudofmycountry-China,especiallyafterwatchingthedocumentaryAmazing!China!Actually,ourlifehaschangedalotinrecentyears.First,therearesomeshared-bikesaroundus.They’reveryhelpfulandconvenientforustotraveltoplacesnottoofarawayfromourhome.Secondly,lotsofrestaurantsoffertheoldanddisabledpeoplefreebreakfast.Besides,thegovernmentprovidetextbooks,mealsforalltheprimaryandjuniormiddleschoolstudentsforfree.Theoldpeopleoversixtyagescangetsomemoneyfromthegovernmenteverymonthtofeedthemselves.Thirdly,youcanseehigh-speedtrains,subwaysandhigh-speedroadseverywhereinChina.ItshowsChinaisdevelopingfastestintheworld.What’smore,WeChatPayiswidelyusedincities,townsandvillages.TheChinesePeopleofallagescanusetheirsmartphonestoshoponline,watchthelatestmovies.Lotsofforeignerscanhardlybelievetheireyes.Finally,allkindsofcommunityservicesaregoodforChinesepeople,includingmedical,educationalandotherpartofourlife.Allthesemeanweareimprovingourlifequality.HowamazingChinais!We’reproudofourcountry!六、作文(计15分)最近，你美国的笔友Tony在与同学的变往中遇到了烦恼，他写邮件向你寻求帮助。请你以李华的身份给他写一封邮件，提出你的一些建议。建议内容包括:遇到问题多倾诉，多与他人分享情绪，尊重他人,与人为善，诚实守信..-.要求:1.词数60-80开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数。2可适当增加细节，使行文连贯，3.文中不得出现真实姓名、学校等信息。参考词汇：share,solve,respect,friendly,befriendlytoDearTony.I'msorrytohearthatyouhaveproblemswithclassmates.I’mgladtohelpyou.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ihopeeverythingwillgowellwithyousoon.Yours,LiHua题材：说明文话题：情绪词数：Onepossibleversion:DearTony,I'msorrytohearthatyouhaveproblemswithclassmates,I'mgladtohelpyou.Herearesomesuggestionsforyou.First,whenyouhavedifficultiesyoushouldtalkloyourparents,yourteachersoryourfriendsandshareyoursadnessandhappinesswiththem.Theywillhelpyousolvetheproblem.Second,whenyougetalongwithyourfriends,youaresupposedtorespectthem.Third,youshouldbefriendlytopeoplearoundyou.YoucanhelpeachotherLastbutnotleast,youhavetobehonesttoyourfriends.Thenyouwillmakemorefriends.Ihopeeverythingwillgowellwithyousoon.Yours,LiHua七、书面表达（共1题，计20分）假如你是某市第三中学的一名学生，你的学校正在参加全市文明校园的评选。以下内容是学校根据《山东省中小学文明校园评比细则》列举的部分信息。请你根据表格内容，写一篇短文，向社会宣传自己的学校，并谈谈你能为创建文明校园所做的至少一件事，为母校评选文明校园尽一份力。Teachers’team(师资)①experiencedteachershelpusmakeprogress②friendlyheadteachersgrowasapersonSchoolfacilities(设施)①abiglibraryreadbookstolearnmore②aplaygrounddosports③somesciencelabsfindsomethingnewSchoolenvironment(环境)①differentkindsoftreesandflowersbecleanandbeautiful②safetyeducationclassesprotectourselves4.？…要求：1.语言通顺，要点齐全，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范；2.文中不得出现真实的姓名和学校名称；3.80-100词，文章开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。I’mfromNo.3MiddleSchool.Myschoolismakingitsefforttobeacivilizedschool.Letmeintroduceit.Therearemanyexperiencedteachersinmyschool.Theyhelpusmakeprogressinmanyways._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Let’stryourbesttomakeourschoolmorebeautifulandmakeitacivilizedschool.体裁：说明文话题：5．学校词数：120Onepossibleversion:I’mfromNo.3MiddleSchool.Myschoolismakingitsefforttobeacivilizedschool.Letmeintroduceit.Therearemanyexperiencedteachersinmyschool.Theyhelpusmakeprogressinmanyways.Ourfriendlyheadteachersoftencommunicatewithourparentsandteachustogrowasaperson.Abiglibrarystandsinthecenterofmyschool.Itholdsalargenumberofbooks.Wecanenjoybookshereandlearnmoreabouttheworld.Aplaygroundandsomesciencelabsareinmyschool.Wecandosportsandfindsomethingnewaferschool.Ithelpsuskeepfitandhaveacolorfullife.50%ofourschooliscoveredwithplants.Therearedifferentkindsoftreesandflowers.Itiscleanandbeautiful.Weoftenhavesafetyeducationclasses.Wecanlearnhowtoprotectourselves.Asstudents,wemustrespectourteachersandbepolitetoothers.Let’stryourbesttomakeourschoolmorebeautifulandmakeitacivilizedschool.八、书面表达（共1小题，满分20分）；某英文网站正在举办以"MySchoolLife"为主题的征文活动。假如你是李华，请用英文写一篇短文投稿。内容要点参考词汇SubjectsEnglish,Science…Teachers/Classmateskind,helpful,…Activitiessports，hobbies，…注意：1.文中必须包括表格中全部内容要点，可适当发挥，参考词汇仅供选择使用；文中不得出现真实校名和人名；词数80~100；文章的开头已给出，不计入总词数。MySchoolLifeI'mLiHuafromSunnyHillMiddleSchoolinChina.I'dliketosharemyschoollifewithyou._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________话题4.日常活动(14)学校生活词数99【审题指导】细读所给的文字提示，提取以下信息：1.文章就"MySchoolLife"进行投稿，包含表格中全部内容要点，因此文章为说明文；2.写作时以第一人称为主，描述自己的学校生活，因此多使用一般现在时；4.词数80-100词，开头已给出，不计入总词数，不得出现真实的人名和地名。【写作指导】要点提示素材串联开头：引出主题，分享学校生活来自阳光山中学，分享学校生活。（已给出）正文：介绍学校生活（科目，师生及活动）科目：语文，英语等等，关注汉语；(andsoon,throughouttheworld)师生：老师善良，乐于助我一臂之力；(kindandhelpful,givesb.ahand.)活动：学校生活丰富多彩，和同学打篮球，业余时间读书。（richandcolorful,playbasketball,likereading,freetime,aswell,）结尾：学校生活精彩享受学校生活。（wonderful,enjoy）PossibleversionMySchoolLifeI'mLiHuafromSunnyHillMiddleSchoolinChina.I'dliketosharemyschoollifewithyou.WehavemanysubjectsatschoolsuchChinese,Englishandsoon.IamfocusedmoreonChinese,forIthinkit'sgettingmoreandmorewidelyusedthroughouttheworld.Ourteachersarekindandhelpful.WheneverIhaveproblems,theyarealwaysreadytogivemeahand.Schoolactivitiesarerichandcolorful.Ioftenplaybasketballwithmyclassmates,whichbringsmelotsoffun.Ilikereadingaswell.SoIoftenspendmyfreetimereadingintheschoollibrary.MyschoollifeiswonderfulandIenjoyitverymuch.（99words）九、书面表达（满分10分）我们生活学习在美丽的甘肃。假设你所在的学校正在组织一个“让世界了解甘肃、让甘肃走向世界”的活动，请根据以下思维导图的提示，以“TheIntroductionofGanSuProvince”为题，写一篇介绍甘肃的英语短文。要求：1.文中需包含思维导图中的主要内容；2.句子及篇章结构准确、连贯。书写规范；3.可做适量拓展；4.词数：80词左右。（标题需抄写在答题卡对应作答区域，不计入总词数）体裁：说明文话题：旅行词数：96Onepossibleversion:TheIntroductionofGansuProvinceGansuProvinceliesinthenorthwestofChina.Itcoversanareaof425,900km2.Thereare26millionpeoplelivingthere.LanzhouisthecapitalcityofGansuProvince.TheweatherinGansuisdifficultfromplacetoplaceandthetemperatureisusuallyquitedifferentfromdaytonight.IfyouwanttogotravellinginGansu.MaytoOctoberisthebesttime.MogaoGrottowhichistheworldfamousartpalaceandJiayuguanPass,thewesternendoftheGreatWall,aretwoofthemust-seeplacesofinterestinGansu.十、“你养我长大，我陪你变老。”父母亲一直在为我们的成长默默付出，成长要学会感受爱、回报爱。今天你即将毕业，是向父母表达感激的好机会。请根据以下所给要点，写一篇英语短文。要点：1.给我生命，一直照顾我成长；2.努力工作，为我提供良好的生活和教育条件；3.拥有爱心，教我学会……；4.今天，我要为你们……(自主发挥，至少两点)注意事项：1.词数80左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数：2.文中不得出现其实的地名、校名、人名等信息。Youraisemeup.Iwillbewithyouinyourlife.Youareanimportantpersonintheprocessofmygrowth.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________题材：说明文话题：2家人与亲人词数：128【高分范文】Onepossibleversion:Youraisemeup.Iwillbewithyouinyourlife.Youareanimportantpersonintheprocessofmygrowth.Yougivemelifeandtakecareofmeallthetime.WhenIhaveproblemwithmystudyandlife,youarealwayspatientenoughtohelpmeandencourageme.Inordertoletmeliveapleasantlifeandreceivegoodeducation,youalwaysworkhardformmorningtoeveningeveryday.Youarealsoamanwhohasaheartfulloflove.Youarereadytohelppeopleinneed.Itisyouwhoteachesmetobeakindperson.Inthepast,Ineversaid“Iloveyou”toyou.TodayIwillgraduate,Iwanttosayittoyouloudly.Iwillstudyhardertogetbetterresults.Ihopeyouwillbehappyandhealthyforever.十一、书面表达(满分30分)假如你叫李华，你校英语报正在以“我最喜欢的一天”为题，向中学生开展征文活动。请你根据如下内容提示，用英语写一篇短文，向该报社投稿。1.你最喜欢的是星期五；2.原因：（1）这天有你最喜欢上的音乐课（从小就喜爱音乐，音乐老师和音乐课很有趣）；（2）……要求：所写内容必须包括以上要点和自行补充要点；文中不得出现真实姓名和校名；内容连贯，并进行合理拓展；100词左右；题目已经写好，不计入总词数。MyFavoriteDay_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion:题材：说明文话题：学校生活词数：Onepossibleversion:MyfavoriteDayOfallthesevendaysinaweek,myfavoritedayisFriday.Why?Firstofall,onFriday,wehaveamusicclass,whichismyfavoritesubject.IhavelovedmusicsinceIwasveryyoung.Ithinkit’srelaxingtolistentomusic.Andourmusicteacherissofunnythathecanmakehisclassveryinteresting.Ilovehimandhismusicclass.Ilookforwardtonextmusicclassassoonasitisjustover.AnotherreasonwhyIlikeFridaybestisthatIcangohomeearlieronFriday.IalwaysmakeaplanformyweekendonFridayevening.Ifeelexcitedandhappyforit.Fridayisadayfullofinterestsandhopes.十二、书面表达（本题共15分）茶是中国传统饮食文化的组成部分，是生活中不可或缺的饮品，作为中学生，我们应该了解茶并传播茶文化。请根据以下要点提示，写一篇英语短文。要点提示：1.历史悠久，约5000年前神农首次发现茶可以饮用