讲与练14-细节理解题攻略(解析版)

2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练（通用版）14细节理解题攻略【高频考点回顾】【题型解读】1.命题要求:对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解;占阅读理解总题量的60%左右,是最重要的得分点。2.设题角度:根据文章中的具体信息,如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问。3.解题思路:有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案;有些需要在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到答案,比如计算、排序、图形比较等。4.解题方法:细节理解题的破解一般采用寻读法,即先看试题,再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位,再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比,有依据地排除干扰项,选出正确答案。【正确选项特征】1.同义替换:对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换;2.语言简化:把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化;3.正话反说:把原文中的意思反过来表达。【干扰选项特征】1.扩缩范围:与文章细节部分吻合,部分相悖;2.无中生有:明显与文章内容不符或没有提及;3.偷梁换柱:符合常识,但不是文章内容;4.张冠李戴:是文章细节,但不符合题干要求或不是要点;5.正误参半:部分正确,部分错误。【解答技巧】技巧1直接信息题:“一定、二找、三比较”【真题示例】(2021·全国甲卷·B)PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding(繁育)programme,haswelcomedthearrivalofarareblackrhinocalf(犀牛幼崽).WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity(圈养).PaulBeer,headofrhinosectionatPortLympne,said:“Obviouslywe’reallabsolutelydelightedtowelcomeanothercalftoourblackrhinofamily.She’shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.Hermother,Solio,isafirst-timemumandsheisdoingafantasticjob.It’sstillalittletoocoldforthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,Ihavenodoubtthatthelittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.”Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status.6.WhatsimilarexperiencedoSolioandKisimahave?A.TheyhadtheirfirstborninJanuary.B.Theyenjoyedexploringnewplaces.C.Theylivedwiththeirgrandmothers.D.Theywerebroughttothereserveyoung.【思路分析】一定定位题干中的关键词:similarexperience;SolioandKisima二找用similarexperience;SolioandKisima寻读,在文中找到信息句——文章第一段“WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.(1月31日,当这头小犀牛来到保护区时,她成为了第40头在保护区出生的黑犀牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.(1月5日,犀牛妈妈Kisima分娩的第一头小犀牛,同时也是第一头出生在PortLympne的犀牛,体重约为32千克)三比较比较选项和信息句可知,Solio和Kisima的第一个孩子都是在一月份出生的。故选A。

技巧2间接信息题:“提取、辨别、再转化”【真题示例】(2021·全国乙卷·D·节选)Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction(干扰)inhisopenoffice,hesaid,“That’swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus”.Hiscommentstruckmeasstrange.Afterall,coworkingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopenofficelayout(布局).ButIrecentlycameacrossastudythatshowswhyhisapproachworks.Theresearchersexaminedvariouslevelsofnoiseonparticipantsastheycompletedtestsofcreativethinking.Theywererandomlydividedintofourgroupsandexposedtovariousnoiselevelsinthebackground,fromtotalsilenceto50decibels(分贝),70decibels,and85decibels.Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;however,theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup—thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop—significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.Sincetheeffectsweresmall,thismaysuggestthatourcreativethinkingdoesnotdifferthatmuchinresponsetototalsilenceand85decibelsofbackgroundnoise.32.Whydoestheinterviewerpreferacoworkingspace?A.Ithelpshimconcentrate.B.Itblocksoutbackgroundnoise.C.Ithasapleasantatmosphere.D.Itencouragesface-to-faceinteractions.【思路分析】提取寻读题目提取关键词:theinterviewer;preferacoworkingspace辨别辨别选项(Ithelpshimconcentrate)与原文(第一段“That’swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet-soIcanfocus.”那就是为什么我在街对面的公用办公空间有会员资格——这样我就可以集中精力了。)可知,受访者喜欢共享办公空间的原因是那里他更能集中精力。再转化比对选项和信息句可知,concentrate替换了文中的focus,进行了语义转化。故选A。

技巧3数字计算题:“找数字、深分析、巧运算”【真题示例】(2021·全国乙卷·A·节选)TheBiggestStadiumsintheWorldPeoplehavebeenpouringintostadiumssincethedaysofancientGreece.Inaround80A.D.,theRomansbuilttheColosseum,whichremainstheworld’sbestknownstadiumandcontinuestoinformcontemporarydesign.Rome’sColosseumwas157feettallandhad80entrances,seating50,000people.However,thatwassmallfrycomparedwiththecity’sCircusMaximus,whichaccommodatedaround250,000people.Thesedays,safetyregulations-nottomentionthemodernsportsfan’sdesireforagoodviewandacomfortableseat—tendtokeepstadiumcapacities(容量)slightlylower.Evensoccerfanstendtohaveaseateach;gonearethedaysofthousandsstandingtowatchthematch.21.HowmanypeoplecouldtheCircusMaximushold?A.104,944. B.107,601.C.About150,000. D.About250,000.【思路分析】找数字找出题干中的数字信息:Howmanypeople深分析根据文中信息源——第一段最后一句“However,thatwassmallfrycomparedwiththecity’sCircusMaximus,whichaccommodatedaround250,000people.”(然而,与这座城市容纳了大约25万人的大竞技场相比,那只是小巫见大巫。)巧运算CircusMaximus可以容纳大约250000人。故选D。

【高频考点强化】1Regardlessofhowfamoustheyare,anddespitethestartreatmenttheyreceive,manycelebritiesmakeitapointtogivebacktocharities.Somehaveevensetuptheirownprivatefoundations.Theirwidelypublicisedvisitstotroubledareasoftheworldhelptoraiseawarenessofissuessuchasfamineandpoverty.AccordingtoJaneCooperofUnicefUK,celebritieshaveauniqueabilitytoreachhugenumbersofpeople,manyofwhommightnototherwisebeengagedincharitablecauses.Shepointedoutthatfamousfaceshadplayedasignificantroleinraisingfundsinrecentyears,andtheirenergieshadproducedtangibleresults,suchasenablingmillionsofchildreninpoorercountriestoattendschool.Butinspiteofthesesuccessesthereisevidencetosuggestthatcelebrityendorsement(代言)maybeoverrated.Inasurveyofmembersofthepublictofindoutifcelebrityinvolvementwouldencouragepeopletodonate,researchersfoundthattheimpactwasnotasgreataspreviouslythought.Whenshownalistofwell-knownorganisationsandfamouspeoplewhorepresentthem,overhalfofrespondentswereunabletomatchthecelebritywiththecause.What’smore,threequartersclaimedthattheydidn’trespondtocelebrityendorsementinanyway.Thesurveyalsoshowedthatafewnamesdidstandoutasbeingassociatedwithparticularcharities.Butthepresenceofacelebrityinacampaign,wasnotasignificantfactorwhenitcametoadecisiontodonatetimeormoney.Instead,themajorityofpeoplecontributebecauseofpersonalconnectionsintheirlivesandfamilieswhichmakeacharityimportanttothem.Inanotherstudyaimedatyoungpeople,mostparticipantscitedacompelling(无法抗拒的)missionastheirmainmotivationtogive.Thesecondmostimportantincentivewasifafriendorpeerrecommendedsupportingaparticularcause.Onlytwopercentofrespondentssaidtheyweremotivatedbycelebrityendorsement.Thisseemstocontradictthegeneralassumptionthatteenagersareparticularlyinfluencedbyfamouspeople.Onepossibleexplanationisthatthereisageneralfatigue(疲倦)withcelebrityculture.Thereisalsoasuspicionthatthestarsaretheonewhobenefitmostwhentheyoffertodocharitywork.Somecriticshaveaccusedthatcelebritiesmightactuallytakeattentionawayfromissuesbyattractingmoreattentionthanthecausestheyrepresent.Sotakingalltheseissuesintoaccount,isittimeforcharitiestorethinktheircampaignstrategiesandlookforalternativewaystoreachnewaudiences?Whicheverpointofviewyoufavour,thereseemstobeopportunitiesformoreresearchintohowcharitycampaignsmightdeveloprelationshipswithcelebritiestomaximisetheirpotential.Thisinturnwillopenupmoreengagement,andbettertargetedcampaigns-whichcanonlybenefitthosewhoreallymatter—thepeopleandanimalsthatareinneedofassistance.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tangible”inparagraphIprobablymean?A.Definite. B.Complicated. C.Limited. D.Temporary.2.Accordingtothepassage,mostpeoplecontributetocharitiesbecause________.A.theygainbenefitfromthecharitiesB.theyareforcedtofinishanecessarytaskC.theybelieveinthefamouspeopletheylikeD.theyareinspiredbythepeoplearoundthem3.Thethirdparagraphismainlyabout________.A.whatcelebritiesachieveindoingcharitiesB.HowyoungpeoplereacttocelebritycultureC.whyyoungpeoplearehardlyinfluencedbycelebritiesD.whoistoblamefortakingattentionawayfromcharities4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardscelebritydoingcharities?A.Objective. B.Positive.C.Negative. D.Unclear.【答案】ADCA【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要分析了名人做慈善的利与弊。1.词句猜测题。第一段划线词所在句“Shepointedoutthatfamousfaceshadplayedasignificantroleinraisingfundsinrecentyears,andtheirenergieshadproducedtangibleresults,suchasenablingmillionsofchildreninpoorercountriestoattendschool.(她指出，名人近年来在筹集资金方面发挥了重要作用，他们的精力产生了切实的成果，比如让贫困国家的数百万儿童上学)”中的“suchasenablingmillionsofchildreninpoorercountriestoattendschool”部分表明，名人们在慈善方面的努力取得了实在的成果，所以可以推测tangible意为“切实的，实在的”。A.Definite.确切的；B.Complicated.复杂的；C.Limited.有限的；D.Temporary.暂时的。所以A选项和划线词词义最接近，B、C、D都不符合。故选A项。2.细节理解题。根据第二段“Instead,themajorityofpeoplecontributebecauseofpersonalconnectionsintheirlivesandfamilieswhichmakeacharityimportanttothem.(相反，大多数人捐款是因为他们生活和家庭中的私人关系，这使得慈善对他们很重要)”可知，大多数人向慈善机构捐款是因为他们受到周围人的鼓舞。故选D项。3.主旨大意题。根据第三段“Onlytwopercentofrespondentssaidtheyweremotivatedbycelebrityendorsement.Thisseemstocontradictthegeneralassumptionthatteenagersareparticularlyinfluencedbyfamouspeople.(只有2%的受访者说他们受到名人代言的激励。这似乎与一般的假设相矛盾，即青少年特别容易受到名人的影响)”可知，与一般的假设相反的是，青年人几乎不会受到名人的影响，余下内容“Onepossibleexplanationisthat…Thereisalsoasuspicionthat…Somecriticshaveaccusedthat…”则主要讲述了原因，所以第三段主要讲述青少年几乎不受名人影响的原因。故选C项。4.推理判断题。文章前面主要讲述了名人做慈善带来的切实的成果以及被夸大的现象，最后一段“Sotakingalltheseissuesintoaccount,isittimeforcharitiestorethinktheircampaignstrategiesandlookforalternativewaystoreachnewaudiences?...Thisinturnwillopenupmoreengagement,andbettertargetedcampaigns-whichcanonlybenefitthosewhoreallymatter—thepeopleandanimalsthatareinneedofassistance.(因此，考虑到所有这些问题，慈善机构是否应该重新考虑他们的竞选策略，寻找其他途径来接触新的受众？……这反过来又会促进更多的参与和更有针对性的运动——这只会让真正重要的人受益——那些需要援助的人和动物)”提出慈善机构应该多方考虑，最终目的是使得真正需要的人或动物受益。所以作者是以客观的态度来分析名人做慈善这件事。A.Objective.客观的；B.Positive.积极的；C.Negative.消极的；D.Unclear.不清楚的。故选A项。2Theconductoronthepodium(指挥台)hasnobaton(指挥棒),notailcoatandnomusicalscore,butAndroidAlter3iskickingupastormasitguidesasymphonyorchestra'splayersthroughtheirpaces.Therobothasahumanoidface,handsandlowerarms,whichgesturewithwhatcouldpassforpassionasitbouncesupanddownandrotatesduringtheliveperformanceofKeiichiroShibuya'soperaScaryBeautyintheEmirateofSharjah.VideofromtherecentperformanceintheEmirateofSharjahshowedthemachineturningtofaceorchestramembersandwavingitsarms.Alter3evensangattimes.Shibuyasaidtheinvolvementofrobotsintheeverydaylivesofhumansiscontinuallyincreasing.But,hesaidhethinkspeoplewillneedtodecideinthefuturehowartificialintelligencecanbestimprovethehumanexperience.Shibuyaaddedthathebelieveshumansandrobotscanlearntoworktogethertocreatebeautifulart."Thisworkisametaphorofthatrelationsbetweenhumansandtechnology,"hesaid.Shibuyanotedthatsometimesthemusic-leadingrobotcan"getcrazy",makingitdifficultforthemusicianstokeepup.Butothertimes,thehumansandmachinescooperateverywell.ShibuyasaidtherobotsandAIthatexisttodayare"farfromcomplete".Heisinterestedinstudyinghowsuchincompletetechnologycanbecombinedwithart."Ithinkthisisaveryexcitingidea…Wecametoseewhatitlookslikeandhowmuchispossible,"saidAnnaKovacevic.Anotheraudiencemember,whogavehisnameonlyasBillum,saidaftertheshow,"Youknow,ahumanconductorissomuchbetter."AlthoughhesaidheisinterestedinAIandlooksforwardtobigdevelopments,heconcludedontheproject:"Thehumantouchislost."5.WhatdoesShibuyathinkofAlter3?A.Itisnotperfectatpresent. B.Itteamsupwithhumanswell.C.Itoftenmakeshumanscrazy. D.Itisbetterthanhumanconductors.6.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Theperformancedrewmixedreactions.B.Billumtooknointerestintheperformance.C.Theaudiencewerefascinatedbytheperformance.D.TheaudiencethoughtAlter3wouldhaveabrightfuture.7.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthecombinationofrobotsandart?A.Positive B.Negative. C.Objective. D.Critical.8.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.RobotCooperateswithHumansB.RobotConductsHumanOrchestraC.TheSignificanceofRobotsinArtD.TheRelationsBetweenAIandHumans【答案】AACB【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了机器人Alter3在EmirateofSharjah指挥人类管弦乐队演出的情况，人们对此的观点和不同反应。5.细节理解题。根据第五段“Shibuyanotedthatsometimesthemusic-leadingrobotcan"getcrazy",makingitdifficultforthemusicianstokeepup.(Shibuya指出，有时候，指挥音乐的机器人会“发疯”，让音乐家很难跟上节奏)”和倒数第二段“ShibuyasaidtherobotsandAIthatexisttodayare"farfromcomplete".Heisinterestedinstudyinghowsuchincompletetechnologycanbecombinedwithart.(Shibuya说目前存在的机器人和人工智能“还远远不够完善”。他对研究这种不完善的技术如何与艺术结合很感兴趣)”可知，Shibuya认为Alter3目前还不完美，还需要改进。故选A。6.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“"Ithinkthisisaveryexcitingidea…,"saidAnnaKovacevic.Anotheraudiencemember,…saidaftertheshow,"Youknow,ahumanconductorissomuchbetter."…heconcludedontheproject:"Thehumantouchislost."”列举的不同观众对机器人指挥人类管弦乐队发表的观点，可知这一表演引起了观众们不同的反应。故选A。7.推理判断题。根据文章后四段中“Shibuyasaid”，“hesaid”，“Shibuyaadded”，“saidAnnaKovacevic.”，“Anotheraudiencemember,whogavehisnameonlyasBillum,said”等内容可知，作者在文中只是客观引用了人们对机器人与艺术的结合的看法，并没有发表自己的观点。所以作者的态度是客观的，故选C。8.主旨大意题。文章前三段介绍了机器人Alter3指挥人类管弦乐队演出的情况，下文介绍了人们对此的观点和不同反应。B项RobotConductsHumanOrchestra概括了全文内容，适合作为文章标题。故选B。3I’mMay.highschoolseniorsallaroundtheU.S.scramble(争抢)togetreadyforprom.Prom.shortforpromenade,isaformaldanceheldbyahighschoolbeforegraduation.It'sanimportantaspectofAmericanschoolculturebecauseit'sthelasthigh-schooldanceseniorswilleverattend.Promentails(牵涉)countlesstraditions.Firstaguymustaskagirltogotopromwithhim.Mostguyschoosetodospecialpromproposalsinhopesofwinningthegirl'sheartwiththeircreativity.Thenhewillrentatuxedo(燕尾服),andthegirlwilloftengettheirhair,nailsandmakeupdoneprofessionally.Thatnightcoupleswilltakepictures,andthentheywilloftentakealimousine(豪华轿车)todinnerandtothedance.Severalreportsstatethatparentscanspendupwardof$2,000togivetheirkidstheperfectpromexperience.Thehistoryofpromcanbetracedbacktothelasthalfofthe1800s.Atthattime,Americanuniversitiesandcollegesorganizeddanceseachyearfortheirgraduatingstudents.Thepurposewasnotonlytoentertainthestudentsbutalsotopreparethemforthewiderworldbyteachingthempropermannersformenandwomen.Later,highschoolstookoverthepromtradition.Inthe1950s,highschoolsbeganmovingthedancefromtheirgymstobeautifulhotelsorcountryclubstomaketheeventevenmorespecial.Perhapsthemostamazingpromtookplacein1975,whenSusanFord,thedaughterofthecountry'spresident,receivedpermissiontoholdherhighschool'spromattheWhiteHouse.Sofar,nootherpromhasmanagedtotopthat.9.Whatdoesthisarticlemainlyexplainaboutprom?A.Itsunusualatmosphere.B.Itspresentandfuture.C.Itseducationalbenefits.D.Itscustomsandroots.10.Accordingtothisarticle,whatdotheparticipantsinprommainlypayattentionto?A.Theirappearance.B.Theirpossessions.C.Theirtransportation.D.Theirsupervisors.11.Whatwerepeoplesupposedtolearnfrompromatonetime?A.Whatmarketingplantouse.B.Howtobehavearoundothers.C.Whichfoodwasbesttoeat.D.Whentoearnagreatdegree.12.Accordingtothisarticle,wherewasaspecialeventheldmorethanfourdecadesago?A.Inanofficialresidence.B.Inaninternationalcourt.C.Inamotionpicturestudio.D.Inamoderngallery.【答案】DABA【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述毕业舞会的文化和起源。9.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“It'sanimportantaspectofAmericanschoolculturebecauseit'sthelasthigh-schooldanceseniorswilleverattend.”（这是美国学校文化的一个重要方面，因为这是高年级学生最后一次参加高中舞会。）第二段“Promentails(牵涉)countlesstraditions.”（舞会需要无数的传统。）和第三段“Thehistoryofpromcanbetracedbacktothelasthalfofthe1800s.”（毕业舞会的历史可以追溯到19世纪后半叶。）可知这篇文章主要讲述了舞会的文化和起源，故选D。10.细节理解题。根据第二段“Firstaguymustaskagirltogotopromwithhim.Mostguyschoosetodospecialpromproposalsinhopesofwinningthegirl'sheartwiththeircreativity.Thenhewillrentatuxedo(燕尾服),andthegirlwilloftengettheirhair,nailsandmakeupdoneprofessionally.Thatnightcoupleswilltakepictures,andthentheywilloftentakealimousine(豪华轿车)todinnerandtothedance.”（首先，男生必须邀请女生和他一起去毕业舞会。大多数男生会选择做一些特别的舞会求婚，希望用他们的创造力赢得女孩的心。然后他会租一件燕尾服，女孩会经常让专业人员做头发、指甲和化妆。那天晚上，情侣们会拍照，然后他们通常会乘坐豪华轿车去吃饭和参加舞会。）可知，参加舞会的人员都很注重外表，故选A。11.细节理解题。根据第三段“Atthattime,Americanuniversitiesandcollegesorganizeddanceseachyearfortheirgraduatingstudents.Thepurposewasnotonlytoentertainthestudentsbutalsotopreparethemforthewiderworldbyteachingthempropermannersformenandwomen.”（当时，美国的大学和学院每年都为他们的毕业生组织舞会。其目的不仅是为了使学生快乐，而且通过教导他们正确的礼仪，使他们为更广阔的世界做准备。）可知当时的毕业生舞会为不仅是为了使学生快乐，还要教导他们正确的礼仪，也就是如何在他人面前表现，故选B。12.细节理解题。根据最后一段“Perhapsthemostamazingpromtookplacein1975,whenSusanFord,thedaughterofthecountry'spresident,receivedpermissiontoholdherhighschool'spromattheWhiteHouse.Sofar,nootherpromhasmanagedtotopthat.”（最令人惊叹的毕业舞会可能发生在1975年，当时美国总统的女儿苏珊·福特(SusanFord)获准在白宫举办她的高中毕业舞会。到目前为止，还没有其他毕业舞会能超越这一水平。）根据常识可知白宫是美国政府所在地，所以40多年前曾在官方府邸举行了一场特别的舞会，故选A。4InthemagnificentrangeofmountainsofnorthernCalifornia,42radiotelescopespointtowardsthestars,scanningforsignsoflife.TheSearchforExtraterrestrialIntelligence（SETI）Institutehasbeenlisteningforasignalheresinceitwasfoundedin1984.JillTarter,itsco—founder,saystheprogrammedaimisnotjusttocommunicatewithremotecivilisations.Itisalsotoremindhumanbeingsofitsownmodest,fragile（脆弱的）placeintheuniverse.Thus,forthefirsttime,SETIiscockingitseartowardsEarthtolookforasignalthatcanbesentintospacetorepresentthespecies.FelipePerezSantiago,aMexicanmusicianandcomposer,hasanideaofwhatmightwork.Sincesongs,likethehumanvoices,arecommontoalllanguagesandnations,heandMs.Tarterhavedesignedthe“EarthlingProject”-acalltopeopleeverywheretouploadextracts（精华）ofsongthatheplanstomeltintoacollectivehumanchorus.Aninitialcompositionwillbelaunchedintospacethissummer,recordedonavirtuallyindestructibledisk.FutureplansanddreamsincludeaneventuallandingonMars.Humanmusichasbeensenttotheheavensin1977.DistantbeingscanintheoryalreadyenjoyPeruvianpanpipes,aNavajochant,Bach,Beethovenandmore.Butnopreviousoffering,andperhapsnocompositionundertakenanywhere,hastriedtoencompasstheentirediversityofhumansong.Mr.Santiagosaysheisthrilledaboutbringingtogethercontributorsfromaroundtheglobe.Unlikeotherrecordingssentintospace,saysMr.Santiago,“Everyone'sinvited.Youdon'thavetobeoneofthemaincomposersofourhistorylikeBeethoven,justsomeonesingingintheirshower.”Downloadthe“EarthlingProject"app,singuptothreesongsof30secondseach,andyourvoicewillbesentintothesky.13.WhydoesSETIlookforasignaltobesentintospace?A.Tostandforspeciesontheearth.B.Toscanforotherliveableplanets.C.Torespondtothecalloftheuniverse.D.Tostresstheimportanceoftheearth.14.Whatcanweinferaboutthe"EarthlingProject”?A.Itisaworldmusicorganization.B.Itintendstocreateahumanchorus.C.Ittriestodevelopauniversallanguage.D.Itaimstosearchforsignalsfromspace.15.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“encompass"inParagraph3mean?A.Include. B.Appreciate.C.Workout. D.Relateto.16.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A.Toinspirepeopletobecomecomposers.B.Tocallonpeopletoprotectourplanet.C.Toencouragepeopletoexplorespace.D.Toinvitepeopletojoinaprogramme.【答案】ABAD【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。介绍了FelipePerezSantiago和Tarter女士设计了“地球计划”——号召世界各地的人们上传歌曲的片段，将这些歌曲融合成人类的集体合唱，代表地球上物种的声音被发送到太空。13.细节理解题。根据首段最后一句“Thus,forthefirsttime,SETIiscockingitseartowardsEarthtolookforasignalthatcanbesentintospacetorepresentthespecies.”（SETI首次向地球竖起耳朵，寻找可以送入太空的代表物种的信号。）可知，SETI寻找信号发送到太空是为了代表地球上的物种的声音。故选A项。14.推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“Sincesongs,likethehumanvoices,arecommontoalllanguagesandnations,heandMs.Tarterhavedesignedthe“EarthlingProject”-acalltopeopleeverywheretouploadextractsofsongthatheplanstomeltintoacollectivehumanchorus.”（因为歌曲，就像人类的声音，对所有语言和国家来说都是共通的，他和塔特女士设计了“地球计划”——号召世界各地的人们上传歌曲的片段，他计划将这些歌曲融合成人类的集体合唱。）可知，地球计划打算创造一个人类的合唱。故选B项。15.词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句“DistantbeingscanintheoryalreadyenjoyPeruvianpanpipes,aNavajochant,Bach,Beethovenandmore.”（遥远的生物理论上已经可以欣赏秘鲁的排箫、纳瓦霍的圣歌、巴赫、贝多芬等。）可知，被送到太空的音乐类型很多。再根据划线词所在句的But，可以判断之前的作品没能包含人类歌曲的多样性，故由此可知划线词词义为“包含”，选A项。16.推理判断题。根据尾段最后一句“Downloadthe“EarthlingProject"app,singuptothreesongsof30secondseach,andyourvoicewillbesentintothesky.”（下载“地球计划”应用程序，唱三首歌，每首歌30秒，你的声音就会被发送到太空中。）可知，本段的目的是邀请读者参加地球计划。故选D项。5FutureCityCompetitionFutureCitystartswithaquestion—howcanwemaketheworldabetterplace?Toanswerit,10th,11th,and12thgradestudentsimagine,research,design,andbuildcitiesofthefuturethatshowcasetheirsolutiontoacitywidesustainabilityissue.PasttopicsincludeUrbanAgriculture,Publicspaces,andGreenenergywhilethetopicofthisyearisLivingontheMoon.TeamswilldesignafuturisticlunarcityandprovideexamplesofhowthecityusesMoonresourcestokeepitsresidentssafeandhealthy.Participantscompletefivedeliverables:a1,500-wordcityessay:ascalemodel;aprojectplan;apresentationvideo;andavirtual/onlineQ&Asessionwith/judges.RegionalwinnersrepresenttheirregionattheinternationalFinals.AftercompletingFutureCity,studentparticipantsarenotonlypreparedtobecitizensoftoday’scomplexandtechnicalworld,butalsoreadytobecomethedriversoftomorrow.WhatyoucanlearnThisflexible,cross-curricular(跨课程的)educationalprogramgivesstudentsanopportunitytodothethingsthatengineersdo-identifyproblems:brainstormideas;designsolutions;test,retestandbuild;andsharetheirresults.Withthisatitscenter,FutureCityisanengagingwaytobuildstudents’21stcenturyskills.StudentsparticipatinginFutureCityalsolearnhowtheircommunitiesworkandbecomebettercitizensanddevelopstrongtimemanagementandprojectmanagementskills.WhatyouneedFutureCitycostsjust$25perorganization—andyoucanregisterIteamor100.Thepricealwaysstaysthesame.Wekeepthepriceaffordablesoeveryonecanparticipate.Notonlythat,welimitthebudgetformaterialsfortheCityModelandCityPresentationto$100andencourageteamstouserecycledmaterials.Youdon’tneedexpensiveequipmenttoexcel.Creativity,hardwork,andcommitmentareallyouneedtogetahead.Pleasenote:SomeregionslimitthenumberofteamsanorganizationcanbringtotheRegionalCompetition.PleasecheckwithyourRegionalCoordinatortofindouttheguidelinesinyourregion.17.InFutureCityCompetition2021,studentsneedto________.A.completemorethanfivetaskesB.designacitywithgreenenergyC.addressproblemsonthemoonD.makeuseoflunarresources18.WhatliesatthecoreofFutureCityCompetition?A.Designingcities.B.Identifyingproblems.C.TrainingbettercitizensD.Engineeringdesignprocess19.Ifyouwanttosucceedinthecompetition,youneed________.A.tobecreativeanddevoted.B.tousetherecycledmaterials.C.tobuysomeexpensiveequipment.D.toaskmorepeopletojoininyourteam.【答案】DDA【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“未来城市竞赛”这一活动的相关内容和参加这一项目需要注意的事项。17.细节理解题。根据第一段“TeamswilldesignafuturisticlunarcityandprovideexamplesofhowthecityusesMoonresourcestokeepitsresidentssafeandhealthy.（团队将设计一个未来的月球城市，并提供城市如何使用月球资源，以保持其居民的安全和健康的例子。）”可知，在2021年未来城市竞赛中，学生需要利用到月球资源。故选D项。18.细节理解题。根据Whatyoucanlearn部分的“Thisflexible,cross-curricular(跨课程的)educationalprogramgivesstudentsanopportunitytodothethingsthatengineersdo-identifyproblems:brainstormideas;designsolutions;test,retestandbuild;andsharetheirresults.Withthisatitscenter,FutureCityisanengagingwaytobuildstudents’21stcenturyskills.（这种灵活的、跨课程的教育计划让学生有机会做工程师所做的事情——发现问题：头脑风暴；设计解决方案；测试、再测试和构建；并分享他们的成果。以这为中心，未来城市是培养学生21世纪技能的一种引人入胜的方式。）”可知，未来城市竞赛的核心是工程设计过程。故选D项。19.细节理解题。根据Whatyouneed部分的第二段“Creativity,hardwork,andcommitmentareallyouneedtogetahead.（创造力、努力工作和承诺是你获得成功所需要的一切。）”可知，如果想要在竞赛中获得成功，就需要富有创造力并且努力投入工作。故选A项。6SoraobservedinamazementasWeilunpickeduptwolargemetalcans.ShefollowedWeilunwithapail(桶)ofclothes,watchinghimcarrythetwocanseffortlessly.TheywerelargeandwerecoveringWeilun’ssmallframe.Sora’sfatherhadsenthertothevillagetolearnaboutrurallife.Sorahadneveroncedoneanyhouseholdchoresbackhome.Shedidnotunderstandwhyherfatherwouldalwayschant“Whereisyourwillingnesstolearn?”wheneversheaskedhimifshecouldstayhomefortheholidays.Herfatherhadgivenherachecklistonthelifeskillsthatsheneededtolearn,oneofwhichwastowashclothes.Sherecalledwashingatableclothafteranartlessoninschool.Thatwasapieceofcake,shethought.SoSorarefusedWeilun’soffertohelp.Weilunthenwenttofillthelargecanswithwateratthefarendoftheriver.Suddenly,abigbirddivedfromtheskywhenSoraplacedthelastpieceofclothingbackinthepail.Sorareleasedhergraspofthepailinshock.Thenshewasrelaxedtofinditwasaimingforawormnearher.Buttheclothesweredriftingintheriver.Wei