2019-2020学年高中英语Unit3ComputersSectionAWarmingUpReading课件新人教版必修2

Unit3ComputersSectionA

WarmingUp

&Reading

课文预习自测Ⅰ阅读理解（根据课文内容选择正确答案）1.Whendidthecomputercomeintobeing?A.In1640. B.In1642. C.In1822. D.In1936.2.Whoreallyinventedthecomputer?A.CharlesBabbage. B.BillGates. C.AlanTuring. D.ThomasEdison.○○3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.CharlesBabbagebuiltananalyticalmachinein1642.B.AlanTuringwroteabookabouthowthecomputercouldbemadetoworkasa“universalmachine”tosolveanydifficultmathematicalproblemin1936.C.Thecomputerwasfirstconnectedbyanetworkinthelate1960s.D.Sincethe1960sthecomputerhasbeenusedtohelpwithmedicaloperations.○4.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Thecomputercantaketheplaceofhumans.B.Thesmalleracomputeris，thefasteritcalculates.C.Computerscansolvealltheproblemsofhumanbeings.D.Peoplecanbenefitmorefromcomputersinthefuture.5.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Theadvantagesofthecomputer.B.Thelatestdevelopmentofthecomputer.C.Theimportanceofthecomputer.D.Thehistoryofthecomputer.○○Ⅱ语法填空（根据课文内容和语法规则完成短文）［金星原创］IbeganonlyasacalculatingmachineinFrancein1642.Iwasdevelopingslowlyinthe1__________（follow）years.Abouttwohundredyearslater，IwasbuiltasananalyticalmachinebyCharlesBabbage.2

___________（program）byanoperatorwhousedcardswithholes，Icould“think”3__________（logical）andproduceananswerquickerthananyperson，4__________wasconsidereda5__________（technology）revolutionatthattimeandthestartofmy“artificialintelligence”.In1936AlanTuringwroteabook6__________howIcouldbemadetoworkasa“universalmachine”7__________（solve）difficultmathematicalproblems.Fromthenon，Igrewrapidlybothinsizeandinbrainpower.By8__________1940sIhadgrownaslargeasaroom.Astimewentby，withthe9

____________（improve）ofmymemory，Iwasmadesmallerandsmaller.Sincethe1970s，I10

______________（use）inofficesandhomes，andmanynewapplicationshavebeenfoundforme.Ihavebecomeveryimportantincommunication，financeandmanyotherfields.followingProgrammedlogicallywhichtechnologicaltosolveabouttheimprovementhavebeenused题组练·领悟方法核心词汇词汇一simplifyvt.简化，使简易【教材原句】AlthoughIwasyoungIcouldsimplifydifficultsums.我尽管当时很年轻，但是能简化复杂的算术题。（P18）【学法点拨】-ify/-fy为动词后缀，表示“使得，变成”。simple→simplifyvt.简化 beautiful→beautifyvt.美化class→classifyvt.将……分类 quality→qualifyvt.使有资格单句语法填空(1)［湖北卷］Whileintelligentpeoplecanoften__________（simple）thecomplex，afoolismorelikelytocomplicatethesimple.(2)Theseinstructionsshould____________（simplify），sothattheprimaryschoolstudentscanunderstandthem.(3)Thelawneeds_______________________（simplify）.simplifybesimplified

simplifying/tobesimplified词汇二solvevt.解决；解答【教材原句】...tosolveanydifficultmathematicalproblem.……解决任何数学难题。（P18）【要点必记】solveaproblem/amystery/apuzzle解决问题/解开奥秘/解难题solutionn.解决方法；答案thesolutiontotheproblem问题的解决办法【词义辨析】solve与settlesolve“解决”，侧重给出一个答案；settle“解决”争端、分歧等。settleamatter/adispute/anargument解决事情/争端/争论单句语法填空(1)［北京卷］Therearestillmanyproblems___________（solve）beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.(2)Theschooladvisershelpyoutalkthroughyourproblemsbuttheydon’tgiveyouanydirect_________（solve）.(3)Ihavetriedveryhardtofindasolution_________theproblem，butinvain.选词填空（solve/settle）(4)［词汇复现］Theworker，whosuccessfully_________theproblemsoneafteranother，deservedtobepraised.(5)Webelievethatwarnever_________anything.Itonlyleadstoviolence.tobesolved

solutionto

solved

settles

词汇三realityn.［U］现实，实际情况；［C］事实，实际经历【教材原句】However，thisrealityalsoworriedmydesigners.但是，这个现实也使得我的设计者很担心。（P18）【要点必记】

1inreality实际上，事实上 face/acceptreality面对/接受现实escapefromreality逃避现实 becomeareality成为现实Therealityisthat...实际情况是……【要点必记】

2事实上，实际上inrealityinactualfactintruthasamatteroffactinfactactually单句写作(1)［词汇复现］Helookedveryconfidentandcalmduringthetest，but_______________________（事实上）hewasextremelynervous.inreality/infact/intruth(2)［词汇复现］Afteryearsofhardwork，hisdreamoftakingpartintheOlympicshas_______________（成为现实）.(3)［词汇复现］Anyideaof________________________（逃避现实）isfoolish.单句语法填空(4)_________（real）isnotthewayyouwishthingstobe，northewaytheyappeartobe，butthewaytheyactuallyare.(5)Therealityis_________theyouthcentrewillhavetocloseunlesswefindsomenewfundingsoon.becomeareality

escapingfromreality

Reality

that词汇四goby（时间）流逝，过去；走过，经过；遵循，依照【教材原句】Astimewentby，Iwasmadesmaller.随着时间的推移，我被弄得更小了。（P18）【要点必记】passby经过，走过walkby走过standby支持或帮助单句写作(1)IftheyprovethatIwaswrong，thenIwill_________（依照）whattheysay.(2)［词汇复现］Ihadagoodtimeattheparty.Inreality，Ihadsuchfunthat_____________________________（时间好像过得飞快）.(3)Whenyou_____________________（经过超市），buymeapacketofsalt，please.goby

timeseemedtogobysoquickly

gobythesupermarket

词汇五asaresult因此，结果【教材原句】AsaresultItotallychangedmyshape.因此，我完全改变了我的形状。（P18）【要点必记】resultin导致，造成resultfrom由……引起；起因于【词义辨析】asaresult与asaresultofasaresult“因此，结果”，单独使用，一般放在句首，后面常加逗号；asaresultof“作为……的结果，由于”，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。选词填空（asaresult/asaresultof）(1)Hehadsomebadfish.

，hefeltillthismorning.(2)［词汇复现］Hecan’ttakepartinthesportsmeeting

hisseriousinjuriesinanaccident.Asaresult

asaresultof

单句语法填空(3)Hislazinessresulted

hisfailure；thatistosay，hisfailureresulted

hislaziness.(4)［词汇复现］Wearestilldealingwithproblems

（result）fromerrorsmadeinthepast.单句写作(5)［词汇复现］Afterhetookchargeofthecompany，thebusinessdidn’tpickup.

_________（结果），peopleleftthecompanyoneafteranother.(6)［词汇复现］Thereisnodoubtthathisdrunkdriving_

________（导致了这次事故）.

infrom

resultingAsaresultresultedintheaccident词汇六totallyadv.完全地；整个地【要点必记】

1total

adj.总的，全部的；完全的，彻底的n.总数；合计【要点必记】

2totalnumber/amount/cost总数/总量/总成本 atotalfailure/disaster彻底的失败atotalbanoncigaretteadvertising香烟广告的全面禁止intotal总共，总计（=inall） atotalof40people总共40人单句写作(1)［词汇复现］Themanwasfined300yuan_________（总共）forspeeding.(2)Theirexpensesreached_________（总共）1，000pounds.单句语法填空(3)［词汇复现］—Doyouknowhowmanystudentstookpartinthesportsmeeting?—About400_________total.(4)Dressedinfashionableclothes，shelooks_________（total）different，likeamoviestar.intotal

atotalof

in

totally词汇七applicationn.［C，U］应用；用途；申请（书）【教材原句】Sincethe1970smanynewapplicationshavebeenfoundforme.从20世纪70年代起，我又被开发出了很多新的用途。（P18）【要点必记】

1makeanapplication（tosb.）forsth.（向某人）申请……jobapplications求职信 fillinanapplicationform填写申请表theapplicationofgeneticengineering遗传工程的应用【要点必记】

2applicantn.申请人 applyv.应用；申请apply...to...把……应用到…… applyoneselfto致力于，专心于apply（tosb.）for...（向某人）申请……单句语法填空(1)Duetothe

（apply）ofthismedicaltechnology，morediseasescanbediscoveredandtreatedatanearlystage.(2)［2015·福建卷］Tomydelight，Iwaschosenfromhundredsof

（apply）toattendtheopeningceremony.(3)［词汇复现］Nowlotsofnewtechnologiescanbeappliedto________（solve）problemsinindustry.(4)［词汇复现］Iamwritingtoapply

thepositionasavolunteerattheEnglishfestival.application

applicantssolving

for

单句写作(5)［词汇复现］Overthenextfewdays，thecoach

__________________（专心于）selectingbestathletes.(6)Weshould________________________（把理论运用到实践中）；otherwise，itisnouse.(7)［词汇复现］Thenewtechnology

____________________（已应用于农业）.(8)［词汇复现］Hehasbeen_____________________（致力于）achievinghispersonalgoal.appliedhimselftoapplytheorytopractice

wasappliedtofarmingapplyinghimselfto

词汇八explorev.探索；考察；勘探；探讨【教材原句】IhaveevenbeenputintospacerocketsandsenttoexploretheMoonandMars.我甚至还被放置在航空火箭里去探测月球和火星。（P18）【要点必记】exploreforoil/minerals/gold勘探石油/矿物/黄金 explorationn.探索；勘探；探究explorern.探险者；勘探者 theexplorationofspace对太空的探索◆一言辨异Heisagreatexplorer，determinedtoexploretheunknownworld.Hesayshewilldevotehimselftotheexplorationoftheuniverse.他是一位了不起的探险家，决心探索未知的世界。他说他将致力于宇宙的探索。单句语法填空(1)［2019·北京卷］Want

（explore）newcultures，meetnewpeopleanddosomethingworthwhileatthesametime?toexplore

(2)［词汇复现］Hisdreamofbeingan_________（explore）hasbecomeareality.(3)The___________（explore）fornewsourcesofenergyisvitalforthefutureofourplanet.单句写作(4)［词汇复现］Theysetupascientificorganization__________________________（去探索未知的世界）.(5)［词汇复现］Itisworth

___________________（探讨其他方法）ofsolvingthisproblem.explorer

exploration

toexploretheunknownworldexploringotherways

词汇九goaln.（1）目标；目的（2）（进球）得分；球门【要点必记】set（oneself/sb.）agoal（给自己/某人）制订目标 keepgoal守球门achieve/reachone’sgoal达成目标 scoreagoal踢进一球【一言助记】Beforeyoudoanything，you’dbettersetagoalfirst，andthentryyourbesttoachieve/reachthegoal.在你做任何事情之前，你最好先设定一个目标，然后尽最大努力实现这个目标。单句写作(1)你得给自己制订一些长期目标。Youneedto_____________somelong-term

.(2)［词汇复现］他训练如此刻苦，终于实现了在奥运会上赢得一枚金牌的目标。Hetrainedsohardthathefinally________________________winningagoldmedalintheOlympics.(3)［2017·天津卷］Ayearlater，I________________________（实现了我的目标）：Ilost150poundsandraised＄50，000!setyourselfachievedhisgoalof

reached/achievedmygoal

goals

单句语法填空(4)［词汇复现］Hisgoalis_____________（admit）intoBeijingUniversity.(5)Sometimesit’snoteasytoscore_________

goalinafootballmatch.tobeadmitted

a重点句式句式一Ittook+时间段+before+从句过了多久才……【教材原句】IdevelopedveryslowlyandittooknearlytwohundredyearsbeforeIwasbuiltasananalyticalmachinebyCharlesBabbage.我发育非常缓慢，差不多过了两百年，查尔斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。（P18）【要点必记】Itwillbe+时间段+before+从句要过多久才……Itwillnotbelongbefore+从句过不了多久就……Itwas+时间段+before+从句过了多久才……Itwasnotlongbefore+从句没过多久就……【语言揭秘】万变不离其宗。无论怎么翻译，before依然具有“在……之前”的本义。单句写作(1)［词汇复现］_____________________________（她花了两天时间才）shedesignedanewlogoforthecompany.(2)［2015·重庆卷］Ifyoumissthischance，__________________________________（可能要过很多年才）yougetanotherone.单句语法填空(3)Itwon’tbelong_________youregretwhatyou’vedone.(4)Itwasseveralminutesbeforewe_________（realize）whatwashappening.(5)［词汇复现］Ittookmonths________wesolvedthefinancialproblemofourcompany.Ittookhertwodaysbefore

itmaybeyearsbeforebefore

realized

before

句式二astimegoesby（=withtimegoingby）【教材原句】Astimewentby，Iwasmadesmaller.随着时间的推移，我被弄得更小了。（P18）【语言揭秘】astimewentby——这是一个常用的时间状语从句。as是“当……时；随着……”，表示主句的动作与之同步进行。goby意为“流逝”，跟pass同义。该句式多用于一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时等。几个常见的表达：astimepasses，withtimegoingby，withtimepassing，withthepassingoftime，overtime。总结：as...是时间状语从句，with...是with复合结构，over...是介词短语。单句语法填空(1)［词汇复现］________timegoesby，wefeelourresponsibility

isbecominggreaterandgreater.(2)［词汇复现］________wintercoming，itisgettingcolderandcolderdaybyday.单句写作(3)［词汇复现］________________________________（随着时间的推移），hisdesignhasbeenfancierandfancier.As

With

Astimegoesby/Withtimegoingby句式三so...that...如此……以致……【教材原句】Overtimemymemoryhasdevelopedsomuchthat，likeanelephant，IneverforgetanythingIhavebeentold!随着时间的推移，我的记忆能力发展得如此之快，就像一头大象一样，以至于我从来不会忘记告诉我的任何事情！（P18）【句法分析】本句是一个主从复合句。so...that引导结果状语从句，其中Ihavebeentold是定语从句，修饰anything。【要点必记】

1so+adj./adv.+that...so+adj.+a（n）+可数名词单数+that...so+many/few+可数名词复数+that...so+much/little（少）+不可数名词+that...【要点必记】

2such...that...如此……以至于……such+a（n）+adj.+可数名词单数+that...such+adj.+可数名词复数+that...such+adj.+不可数名词+that...【误区警示】（1）so+adj.+a（n）+可数名词单数=such+a（n）+adj.+可数名词单数sodifficultaproblem=suchadifficultproblem（2）so/such...that...结构中，so/such...置于句首时，要用部分倒装结构。同义句转换(1)［词汇复现］TheproblemissodifficultthatIfindithardtosolve.→Itis________difficultproblem________Ifindithardtosolve.(2)Heleftinsuchahurrythatheforgottolockthedoor.→Heleft________hurriedly________

heforgottolockthedoor.(3)Theattackwassosuddenthattheenemyhadnotimetoescape.→________________________

thattheenemyhadnotimetoescape.suchathatsothatSosuddenwastheattack

单句语法填空(4)［2015·浙江卷］Itwas________noisythatwecouldn’thearourselvesspeak.(5)［2017·浙江卷］Pahlssonscreamedsoloudly________herdaughtercamerunningfromthehouse.(6)［词汇复现］Thebuildingis________splendidthatthepeoplelivingthereallthinkhighlyofit.(7)Itwas________niceweatherthatwewereableto