全国用高考英语大一轮复习Unit2Robots讲义新人教版选修

RobotsBook7Unit2晨背佳作积累素材话题词汇1.affectionn.喜爱2.alarmedadj.惊恐的3.digitaladj.数字的；数码的4.desirev.渴望；想要5.breakthroughn.突破6.advancedadj.先进的；高级的7.experimentwith用……做实验8.testout试验9.dreamabout/of梦想；梦到10.withtherapiddevelopmentof随着……的快速发展话题佳作

假设你是李平，美国好莱坞的一些科幻大片中有一些在未来社会机器人想要统治地球并征服人类的情节。你的笔友Tom来信询问你对这个问题的看法，请你根据下面要点给他写一封回信：1.描述这些情节；2.你的看法：你认为机器人不可能统治地球；3.原因：(1)机器人没有感情，没有思想；(2)虽然它们能够完成一些人类无法完成的工作，但也是在人类的控制下进行的。佳作欣赏DearTom，

Gladtoreceiveyourletter.InsomesciencefictionblockbustersfilmedbyHollywoodinAmerica，therobotisdescribedasakindofmachinewhichwantstocontrolhumansandruletheearthinthefuture.Inmyopinion，itisimpossiblefortherobottoruletheearth.Firstlytherobotisonlyakindofmachinewhichhasneitherthoughtsnorfeelings.Secondly，althoughtherobotcandosomeworkthathumanscannotdo，itisworkingunderthecontrolofhumans.Thus，therobotwillneverruletheearth.Thatisjustakindofsciencefiction.Yours，LiPing名师点睛

本文结构清晰，开篇用凝练的句子描述了现象，接下来表明了作者的观点，然后从两个方面围绕论点进行了论证，最后用简洁有力的句子再次表明观点。整篇文章过渡自然，结构严谨。文章中灵活地使用了连接词，如inmyopinion，firstly，secondly，thus。灵活地运用了定语从句、让步状语从句等复合句式，实现了简单句与复杂句的交替使用，并成功地使用了过去分词作定语。基础排查点拨要点语篇训练提升能力内容索引教材升华综合运用基础排查点拨要点A.写作必记单词1.desiren.渴望；欲望；渴求

vt.希望得到；想要(1)

adj.值得要的；令人满意的(2)Hedesiredamedicalman

(stay)here.(同义句转换)→Hedesiredthatamedicalman

here.→

ishisdesirethatamedicalman

here.→It

thatamedicalman

here.重点单词1desirabletostay(should)stayIt(should)stayisdesired(should)stay2.alarmn.警报；惊恐

vt.使警觉；使惊恐；惊动(1)

adj.担心的；害怕的

adj.令人惊慌的(2)Hejumpedup

alarm.(填介词)(3)Peoplebegantofeel

(alarm)aboutthecholera.alarmedalarminginalarmed3.favourn.喜爱；恩惠

vt.喜爱；偏袒(1)doafavour

sb.(＝dosb.afavour)帮某人一个忙

favourof赞成，主张(2)Domeafavorandopenthewindow.(同义句转换)→Domeafavor

thewindow.→Domethefavor

thewindow.→Domethefavor

thewindow.forinbyopeningtoopenofopening4.accompanyvt.陪伴；伴奏

(1)accompanysb.

用……为某人伴奏(2)Kenagreedtoaccompanymeonatrip

Africa.(填介词)(3)Thearchitect，accompaniedbyhisassociates，

(be)surveyingthelandnow.(4)Thelightningisaccompaniedwith/bythunder.电闪雷鸣。at/ontois(1)accompany习惯上不接不定式的复合结构作宾语，如下句中的togo应去掉：Heaccompaniedhertogotothestation.。(2)accompaniedby连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数要与其前面的主语一致。用法点拨5.declarevt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称(1)declarewar

对……宣战(2)TeamAwasdeclared(

)thewinner.

甲队被宣布为获胜者。ontobe(1)declare...tobe...声称某人(事)……(tobe可以省去，但不能换成as)(2)declare后通常不跟不定式。用法点拨6.junioradj.较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的 n.年少者；晚辈；等级较低者(1)

adj.较年长的；资历较深的；地位较高的 n.年长者；等级较高者(2)bejunior/senior

比……低(高)；比……年幼(年长)seniorto7.talentn.天才；特殊能力；才干(1)LionelMessi，havingsettherecordforthemostgoalsinacalen-

daryear，isconsideredthemost

(talent)footballplayerinEurope.(2)Youweretheteacherwhohelpedmediscovermytalent

math.(填介词)talentedfor8.

n.离婚；断绝关系

vt.与……离婚；与……脱离

和某人离婚be/getdivorced

sb.和某人离婚divorcedivorcesb.to/from(1)divorce是及物动词，表示“和某人离婚”是divorcesb.，而不是divorcewithsb.。(2)divorce用作不及物动词时，其主语通常是复数，不用单数。用法点拨9.obeyvt.&vi.服从；顺从

vt.&vi.不服从；违抗disobeyB.阅读识记单词10.fictionn.

11.satisfactionn.

satisfyvt.

satisfiedadj.

satisfying/satisfactoryadj.

12.sympathyn.

(1)

sympathy出于同情(2)Ifeelquite

(sympathy)towards/to/withhim.小说；虚构或想象出来的事满意；满足；令人满意的事物使满意；使满足感到满意的；感到满足的令人满意的；令人满足的同情(心)outofsympathetic13.elegantadj.

14.scanvt.

15.absurdadj.

16.clerkn.

17.awfuladj.

18.affairn.

19.envyvt.

(1)

envy出于忌妒(羡慕)优雅的；高雅的；讲究的细看；仔细检查；粗略地看；浏览；扫描荒谬的；可笑的售货员；职员；旅馆接待员极坏的；极讨厌的；可怕的；(口语)糟透的事务；事情；暧昧关系忌妒；羡慕outof(2)Iquiteenvyyoursuccess.(同义句转换)→Iquiteenvy

.→Iquiteenvyyou

yoursuccess.youyoursuccessforenvy后可接名词或代词作宾语，也可接双宾语，但通常不接that从句。用法点拨20.digitaladj.

21.grandadj.

22.affectionn.

affectvt.

23.holyadj.

24.staffn.

Theschool’steachingstaff

(be)excellent.数字的；数码的；手指的；脚趾的大的；豪华的；雄伟的喜爱；爱；感情影响；感染神的；上帝的；圣洁的全体员工；手杖is/are25.chaptern.

26.thinkingn.

thoughtn.

27.assessmentn.

assessvt.

(书中的)章；篇；回思想；思考想法评价；评定评价；评定1.

考验出；检验完2.

给……打电话3.

转身；翻转4.

不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；和……单独在一起5.

将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)6.

一共；总计7.

一定做……高频短语2testoutringupturnaroundleave...alonesetasideinallbeboundto1.Assheturnedaround，

.

她刚一转过身去，就看到格拉迪斯·克拉芬站在那里。2.

ClairerealizedthatTonyhadopenedthecurtainsofthefrontwindow.

也就是在那时候，克莱尔才意识到托尼已经把前边窗户的窗帘拉开了。经典句式3therestoodGladysClaffernItwasthenthat3.But

Tonyhadbeensoclever，hewouldhavetoberebui-

lt—you

.

但是，尽管托尼很聪明，他还得被重新改造——总不能让女人与机器

相爱吧。4.Asimovbegan

insciencefictionmagazinesin1939.

在1939年阿西莫夫开始在科幻杂志上发表小说。eventhoughcannothavewomenfallinginlovewithmachineshavingstoriespublished(1)havesth.done中过去分词作宾补，表示被动的含义，有时也可用getsth.done来替换，该结构的意思是“使某事被做”，有时翻译成“请人做某事”或“主语遭遇到某事”。(2)havesb.do

sth.让某人做某事，表示经常性的动作或某次具体的动作，不定式必须省略to。宾语是动作的执行者。(3)havesb./sth.doingsth.让某人一直做某事；使某事一直处于某种状态；用于否定句，have表示“容忍，容许”之意。(4)havesth.todo有事要做，have意为“有”。用法点拨[用所给词的正确形式填空](1)Thetwomenhadthelights

(burn)allnightlong.(2)I’llhavethegardener

(plant)sometrees.(3)Iwillgotothepostoffice.Doyouhaveanyletters

(post)?(4)Ihadmywatch

(repair)yesterday.(5)Iwon’thaveyou

(speak)toyourfatherlikethat.burningplanttobepostedrepairedspeaking教材升华综合运用Ⅰ.教材与语法填空Arobot1.

(use)forhouseworkwastestedoutinafamily.Helookedlikeatallandhandsomemanwithsmoothhair,2.

(speak)inadeepvoice.LarrywasgoingtobeawayfromhomesohehiredsucharobottoaccompanyhiswifeClaire.Clairedidn’tliketheideaatthebeginning,3.

sheagreedtoitatlast.4.

herfirstsightofTony，Clairewasalarmed.WhenTonyofferedtohelpherdressing，Clairefelt5.___________

(embarrass).6.

(gradual)，TonybegantowinClaire’strust.usedspeakingbutAtembarrassedGraduallyHehelpedClairerealizeherdreamsbymakingherhomeelegant，givingheranewhaircut，changingthemakeupshe7._____(wear)andgivingheradviceonherdresses.Therefore，atthepartyalltheguests8.

wereinvited9.

(fill)withadmirationwhentheysawherhousewascompletelychanged.Afterthetest，thecompanywassatisfiedwithTony’sreport10.

hehadsuccessfullymadeawomanregainherconfidence.worewho/thatwerefilledbecauseⅡ.教材与短文改错IsaacAsimovwasanAmericanscientistandawriter.Hewrotearound480bookswhereincludedmysterystories，scienceandhistorybooks.Butheisbetterknownforhissciencefictionstories.Hehadanextraordinarilyimaginationthatgiveshimtheabilitytoexplorefutureworlds.Besides，hesearchedexplanationsofeverything，inthepresentandthepast，withanamazedmind.that/whichbestextraordinarygave∧foramazingThroughouthislife，Asimov

receivedmanyaward.Hemarriedtwo.Hemarriedhisfirstwifein1942andmarriedagainin1973.In1992，hediedofNewYork.awardstwiceinⅢ.教材与微写作写作素材(关于评价)1.珍妮是一家公司的老板，她很珍惜员工的支持。2.现在所有员工都认为她是一位优雅、有才干的女士，然而在过去，他们都说她荒谬、糟糕。3.所以说评价也许会随时间而改变。4.珍妮渴望她的公司越来越好。提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用who引导的定语从句，what引导的主语从句等。连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)Jenny，whoisbossofacompany，valuesthesupportofherstaff

verymuch.Nowallthestaffthinkhertobeanelegant

and

talented

woman，whileinthepast，whattheysaidaboutherwasabsurdandawful.So

assessmentsmaychangeovertime.Jenny

desires

thathercompanybecomebetterandbetter.

语篇训练提升能力Ⅰ.阅读理解Ⅱ.七选五Ⅲ.完形填空Ⅰ.阅读理解(2017·湖北孝感高中调研)

AJapanesetelecomcompanyhasreleasedarobotthatitsayshasemotions.Butratherthanruninfearfromit，we’vewelcomeditintoourhomes:Pepper，the“emotionalrobot”，soldoutwithinaminuteofgoingonsale.CreatedbyAldebaranRoboticsandJapanesemobilegiantSoftBank，PepperwentonsaletothegeneralpublicinJapanJune20.Itis“thefirsthumanoid(类人的)robotdesignedtolivewithhumans，”

Aldebaransaysonitswebsite.Peppercostsabout1,600.Andlikeallgoodmobileproducts，there’sa120permonthdatafee，aswellasan80permonthdamageinsurancefee.Accordingtoanewsrelease，Peppercanpickuponhumanemotionsandcreatehisownusinga“multi-layerneural(神经的)network”.Pepper’stouchsensorsandcamerasaresaidtoinfluenceitsmood，whichisdisplayedonthetablet-sizedscreenonitschest.Pepperwillsighwhenunhappy，andcangoaroundyourhouserec-ordingyourfamily’sdailyactivity.AldebaransaysPeppercanfeel“joy，surprise，anger，doubtandsadness”，butitdoesn’tsayhowstronglyitcanfeeltheseemotions.WhathappenswhenPepperishavingabadday?Willit，likemanyhumans，becomeuncooperative?Willitaskforsometimealone?Whathappensifitfiguresoutthatitspurposeinlifeisjusttoengageinsmalltalk?Thankfully，Pepperisonlyaboutfourfeettall，withrollerballsinsteadoflegs，soifitisangrywithandeventurnsonitsowners，you’llbesafeifyoucanmakeitupstairs.

Aldebaransaysinreality，they’reprobablyquiteafewdecadesawayfromartificialintelligencethatcouldgeneraterealemotions.Aldeb-aranwasn’timmediatelyavailableforcommentonwhenPepperwillbeavailableoutsideofJapan，butadditionalsalesarescheduledforJulyafterthefirst1,000unitssellout.SoftBankcurrentlyusestherobotsinitsstoresasgreeters，anditplanstoofferPeppertootherstoresinthefuture.Hopefully

“boredom”isnotanemotionPeppercanfeel.1.Accordingtotheauthor，Pepper

.A.isverypopularamongcustomersB.cannotonlyrunbutalsoshowfearC.isgoingtobesoldallovertheworldD.candealwithmanykindsofhousework√答案解析1234推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Pepper，the‘emotionalrobot’，soldoutwithinaminuteofgoingonsale.”可知，Pepper非常受消费者欢迎。2.HowmuchdoyouneedtopayforPepper’sdataanddamageinsur-ancefeeeachyear?A.80dollars. B.120dollars.C.1,440dollars. D.2,400dollars.√答案解析1234数字计算题。根据第二段中的“there’sa120permonthdatafee，aswellasan80permonthdamageinsurancefee”可知，每年用于Pepper的dataanddamageinsurancefee为(120＋80)×12＝2400。故答案为D。3.Pepper’sheightandrollerballsarementionedto

.A.introduceitsappearanceB.tellPepperwon’tgetangryC.showthatsafetyisn’tabigissueD.explainrobotshavestrongemotions√答案解析1234推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“ThankfullyPepperisonlyaboutfourfeettall，withrollerballsinsteadoflegs，soifitisangrywithandeventurnsonitsowners，you’llbesafeifyoucanmakeitupstairs.”可知，介绍Pepper的“heightandrollerballs”是为了表明安全不是大问题。故答案为C。4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Peppercannotproducerealemotions.B.Peppercanfeeljoy，surpriseandboredom.C.Pepperwillbesoldinothercountriesnextyear.D.Pepperisbeingusedaswaitersinsomerestaurants.√答案解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Aldebaransaysinreality，they’reprobablyquiteafewdecadesawayfromartificialintelligencethatcouldgeneraterealemotions.”可推断，Pepper现在是不能产生真正的情感的。故A正确。1234Ⅱ.七选五(2017·宁夏石嘴山三中月考)Nopersonalsuccess，achievement，orgoal，canberealizedwithoutself-discipline.1Itistheabilitytocontrolone’simpulses，emotions，desiresandbehavior.答案解析A[Whatisself-discipline?]根据上一句“Nopersonalsuccess，achievement，orgoal，canbereali-zedwithoutself-discipline.”及下一句“Itistheabilitytocontrolone’simpulses，emotions，desiresandbehavior.”可知，选A项。Topossessitistobeabletomakethedecisions，taketheactions，andcarryoutyourplanregardlessoftheobstacles，discomfort，ordifficulties，thatmaycomeyourway.Howtodevelopself-discipline?We’llexploreittogether.Startwithbabysteps.Noprocesstakesplaceovernight.2So，beginbymakingthedecisiontogoforwardandlearningwhatittakestogetthere.答案解析E[Ifyoutrytodotoomuchatonce，youcouldinjureyourselfandhaveasetback.]根据前两句“Startwithbabysteps.Noprocesstakesplaceovernight.”及下一句“So，beginbymakingthedecisiontogoforwardandlearningwhatittakestogetthere.”可知，选E项。Learnwhatmotivatesyouandwhatyourbadtriggersare.3Sometimesitisverydifficulttofightoffurges，soknowtheareaswhereyourresistanceislowandhowtoavoidthosesituations.Removethetemptationsandsurroundyourselfwithencouragingitemssuchasmotivatingslogansandpicturesofwhatyouwanttoachieve.答案解析D[Youcanbeginbylearningaboutyourself!]根据上一句“Learnwhatmotivatesyouandwhatyourbadtriggersare.”及下一句“Sometimesitisverydifficulttofightoffurges，soknowtheareaswhereyourresistanceislowandhowtoavoidthosesituations.”可知，选D项。Makecertainbehaviorsaroutine.Onceyouhavedecidedwhat’simportanttoyouandwhichgoalstostrivefor，establishadailyroutinethatwillhelpyouachievethem.4Theycanputyouinanegativeframeofmindandhinder(阻碍)yourself-discipline.Apoorattitudecanalsobeabadhabit.答案解析F[Meanwhile，getridofsomeofyourbad，self-defeatinghabits，whatevertheymaybe.]根据下一句“Theycanputyouinanegativeframeofmindandhin-der(阻碍)yourself-discipline.”可知选F。They指代F中的“someofbad，self-defeatinghabits”。

5MichaelJordanhasalwaysmaintainedthathisgreatnessasabasketballplayercameasmuchfromhiswillingnesstoworkhardathiscraft，asitdidhistalent.Itwashisdesirethroughdisciplineandfocusthatmadehimoneofthebestbasketballplayersever.Ifitworkedforhim，itcouldcertainlyworkfortherestofus.答案解析C[Getinspirationfromthoseyouadmire.]根据下文对迈克尔·乔丹的举例可知，空格处是对最后一段的总结，即：从自己钦佩的人身上获得激励。故选C。A.Whatisself-discipline?B.Engageinsportsoractivities.C.Getinspirationfromthoseyouadmire.D.Youcanbeginbylearningaboutyourself!E.Ifyoutrytodotoomuchatonce，youcouldinjureyourselfandhaveasetback.F.Meanwhile，getridofsomeofyourbad，self-defeatinghabits，whatevertheymaybe.G.Itdoesmeanlearninghowtofocusyourmindandenergiesonyourgoalsuntiltheyareaccomplished.Ⅲ.完形填空(2017·湖北沙市中学月考)ThatholidaymorningIdidn’thavetoattendschool.Usually，onholidays，Mother1metosleepin.由第一段第一句可知，假日的早上“我”不用去上学，而根据第一段最后一句可知，在这样一个特别的早上，“我”想早起，这说明“我”在假期的早上通常是不会早起的，所以可以推断，在假日，妈妈允许“我”晚一点儿起床。1.A.forces B.allows

C.causes

D.forbids√答案解析AndIwouldcertainlytakefulladvantageofit.Onthisparticularmorning，2，Ifeltlikegettingupearly.由上文可知，妈妈允许“我”晚一点儿起床，尽管如此，“我”很想在这个特别的早上早起床。前后语意为转折关系，所以用however。2.A.otherwise B.therefore

C.however

D.besides√答案解析Istoodbymywindowoverlookingthe3，havingnothingbettertodo.由下文对擦车工擦车的描述可知，作者所观察的是一处停车场，而不是“公共汽车站”、“学校”和“市场”。3.A.parkinglotB.busstop

C.school

D.market√答案解析Butasitturnedout，Iwassoontolearnaboutsomething4inlife.由下文可知，作者学到的是对人生有用的东西，最后一段最后一句中的usefully是提示词。4.A.interesting B.surprising

C.awful

D.useful√答案解析AsIwatchedseveralpeoplegoby，getintotheircarsanddriveoff，I5anoldmanonabicyclewithabucketonits6andabasketofragsandbottlesonitsback-carriage.“我”站在窗前观察着走过的几个人，看着他们进入他们的汽车并驾车离去，而与此同时，留意到一个骑自行车的老人。5.A.noticed B.recognized

C.called

D.assisted√答案解析AsIwatchedseveralpeoplegoby，getintotheircarsanddriveoff，I5anoldmanonabicyclewithabucketonits6andabasketofragsandbottlesonitsback-carriage.由本句的后半句可知，老人的抹布和瓶子放在后边的车架上，那么他的水桶是挂在自行车车把上。这是描述这位擦车工骑自行车带着他的擦车工具的情形。6.A.back B.handle

C.wheel

D.seat√答案解析He7fromonecartoanother，washingandcleaningthem.老人从一辆车移动到另一辆，给车做清洁工作。7.A.searched B.left

C.moved

D.wandered√答案解析Fromthewaterontheground，itseemedthathehadalready8washingandcleaningaboutadozenormorecars.Hemusthavebeguntoworkquiteearlyinthemorning.从地上的水来推断，老人已经完成12辆或者更多车的擦洗工作了。finishdoingsth.做完某事，为固定搭配。8.A.stopped B.started

C.intended

D.finished√答案解析在“我”观察老人工作的时候，几个想法浮现出来。crossone’smind(想法)浮上心头，为固定搭配。9.A.crossed B.slipped

C.disturbed

D.inspired√答案解析Severalthoughts9mymindasIwatchedhimwork.Hewasn’twell-­dr-essed.从上句“Hewasn’twell-dres-sed.”可知，老人穿得不是很好，由此可以推断老人穿了一件朴素的T恤衫。10.A.attractive B.shiny

C.simple

D.expensive√答案解析Hehadonapairofshortsanda(n)10T-shirt.老人骑的自行车也绝对不是现在骑自行车的人想在大街上骑的那一种。自行车一定是“骑自行车的人”骑，而非“修理人员”、“商人”和“汽车驾驶员”。11.A.repairmenB.businessmen

C.drivers

D.cyclists√答案解析Thebicycleherodewasnotbyanymeansthekindmodern11wouldwanttobeseenridingon.前文描述了老人的穿着很朴素，骑的自行车也很老旧，但是老人对生活很是满意。其中but是提示词。12.A.busy B.content

C.careful

D.bored√答案解析Butheseemed12withlife.在他辛勤工作的时候，他还和经过的路人挥手打招呼，只有“打招呼”才能吸引人过来聊天。13.A.waving B.looking

C.laughing

D.pointing√答案解析Therehewas，workinghardathissmallbusiness，13atpassers-byandstoppingtochatnowandthen14elderlymenandwomenontheirwaytothemarketnearby.而且不时地停下来和去附近市场的老人们交谈。“与……聊天”用chatwith表示。14.A.about B.for

C.with

D.like√答案解析Therehewas，workinghardathissmallbusiness，13atpassers-byandstoppingtochatnowandthen14elderlymenandwomenontheirwaytothemarketnearby.他好像对他所做的工作有一种易于让人觉察的骄傲感。根据下文的描述“老人在擦完挡风玻璃后进行欣赏，擦净轮子后看看擦得怎么样”可知，老人对自己的工作有一种自豪感。15.A.worry B.respect

C.sympathy

D.pride√答案解析Therewasanoticeabletouchof15inthewayheseemedtobedoingthings—16thewindscreen(挡风玻璃)，thenstandingbacktoadmireit；scrubbing(擦净)thewheelsand17，standingbacktoseewhattheylookedlikeafterthescrub.擦完挡风玻璃，他会往后站来欣赏一下。老人是一个擦车工，因此在这儿是指“擦洗”挡风玻璃。16.A.cleaning B.fixing

C.replacing

D.covering√答案解析Therewasanoticeabletouchof15inthewayheseemedtobedoingthings—16thewindscreen(挡风玻璃)，thenstandingbacktoadmireit；scrubbing(擦净)thewheelsand17，standingbacktoseewhattheylookedlikeafterthescrub.擦干净轮子以后，他又往后站去看轮子在他擦过以后是什么样子。前面提到“擦完挡风玻璃后欣赏自己的成果”，而这一次“欣赏”是又一次，所以用again。17.A.still B.yet

C.again

D.soon√答案解析Therewasanoticeabletouchof15inthewayheseemedtobedoingthings—16thewindscreen(挡风玻璃)，thenstandingbacktoadmireit；scrubbing(擦净)thewheelsand17，standingbacktoseewhattheylookedlikeafterthescrub.“我”感觉这是“我”学到的一课。作者是一名学生，在现实生活中，他从擦车老人的忙碌过程中学到了一课。18.A.lesson B.subject

C.skill

D.fact√答案解析Itwasa18tolearn，Ifelt.Atnoageneedonehavetobegfora19ifonehasgoodhealthandiswillingtoworkhard.如果身体健康并愿意努力工作，人在任何年纪都不应该靠乞讨为生。