中档题型高分练(08)阅读理解(C、D篇)+完形填空(解析版)

中档题型高分练（三）阅读理解（C、D篇）+完形填空I.阅读理解CAnewstudyledbytheJohnsHopkinsBloombergSchoolhasfoundthatclimate-impactlabelingonasamplefastfoodmenusignificantlyinfluencedpeople’sfoodchoicesinfavorofmoreclimate-friendlyitems,suchasvegetariandiet,chicken,orfishdishes.Theresearchersenrolledover5,000onlineparticipantsandpresentedthemasamplemenuresemblingafastfoodmenuandaskedthemtochooseasingleitemforameal.Whileonegroupofparticipantsreceivedamenuwithnon-redmeatitemslikesaladsorchickensandwicheslabeled“lowclimateimpact”,anotheronereceivedamenuwithredmeatitems,suchasbeefburgers,labeled“highclimateimpact.”Finally,athirdcontrolgroupreceivedamenuwithQRcodesonallitemsbutnoclimatelabels.Theanalysisrevealedthatboththehighandlowclimate-impactlabelssignificantlyreducedredmeatselectionscomparedtothecontrolgroup.Thehighclimate-impactlabelshadastrongeffect,increasingnon-beefchoicesby23percentcomparedtojust10percentinthecaseofmenusincludinglowclimate-impactlabels.“Theseresultssuggestthatmenulabeling,particularlylabelswarningthatanitemhashighclimateimpact,canbeaneffectivestrategyforencouragingmoresustainablefoodchoicesinafastfoodsetting,”saidthestudyleadauthorJuliaWolfson,anassociateprofessorintheDepartmentofInternationalHeathattheBloombergSchool.Besides,participantswerealsoaskedtoratehowhealthytheybelievedtheitemtheyorderedwas,andthosewhoselectedamoresustainableitemperceivedtheirchoicetobehealthiercomparedtothosewhoselectedaredmeatitem.Sinceredmeatconsumptionhasbeenlinkedtoavarietyofhealthissues,includingcolorectal(结肠的)cancerandtype2diabetes(糖尿病),thetypeofclimate-impactlabelingcouldprovehighlyeffectiveinpreventingillness.However,astheresearcherswarn,climate-impactlabelsmayalsohavetheunwantedsideeffectofmakingachoiceseemhealthierthanitactuallyis.“Welookforlabelingstrategiesthatcreate‘win-wins’forpromotingbothmoresustainableandhealthierchoices,”Wolfsonconcluded.1．Whatisthefindingofthestudy?A．Redmeatconsumptioniscloselylinkedtoclimatelabeling.B．Climate-impactlabelsaregainingpopularityworldwide.C．Climate-impactlabelinginfluencespeople’sfoodselection.D．Menulabelingcontributestolesssustainablefoodchoices.2．Howdidtheresearchersconducttheresearch?A．Bycitingexamples.B．Bygroupexperimenting.C．Byprovidingexplanations.D．Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“perceived”meaninParagraph5?A．Detected. B．Required. C．Urged. D．Considered.4．What’stheresearchers’attitudetowardsclimate-impactlabeling?A．Skeptical. B．Objective. C．Tolerant. D．Conservative.【答案】1．C

2．B

3．D

4．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种独特的商品标签法可以极大地影响人们的饮食选择，从而达到保护环境和健康饮食“双赢”的结果。1．细节理解题。根据第一段“AnewstudyledbytheJohnsHopkinsBloombergSchoolhasfoundthatclimate-impactlabelingonasamplefastfoodmenusignificantlyinfluencedpeople’sfoodchoicesinfavorofmoreclimate-friendlyitems

(约翰霍普金斯大学布隆伯格学院领导的一项新研究发现，快餐菜单样本上的气候影响标签显著影响了人们对食物的选择，使人们更倾向于选择更气候友好的食物)”可知，这项研究发现在菜单上添加气候影响标签这一做法会极大影响人们对食物的选择。故选C项。2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Whileonegroupofparticipantsreceivedamenuwithnon-redmeatitemslikesaladsorchickensandwicheslabeled“lowclimateimpact”,anotheronereceivedamenuwithredmeatitems,suchasbeefburgers,labeled“highclimateimpact.”

Finally,athirdcontrolgroupreceivedamenuwithQRcodesonallitemsbutnoclimatelabels.(一组参与者收到的菜单上没有红肉，比如标有“低气候影响”的沙拉或鸡肉三明治；另一组参与者收到的菜单上有红肉，比如标有“高气候影响”的牛肉汉堡。最后，第三组对照组收到的菜单上所有菜品都有二维码，但没有气候标签)”可知，研究人员把招募的5000多名志愿者分三组进行小组对照实验，所以这项研究通过小组实验进行的。故选B项。3．词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“participantswerealsoaskedtoratehowhealthytheybelievedtheitemtheyorderedwas(参与者还被要求对他们所点的食物的健康程度进行评估)”可知参与者被问及他们对所点的食物的看法，所以划线词后“theirchoicetobehealthiercomparedtothosewhoselectedaredmeatitem.”是参与者的回答，结合选项，动词perceive与consider同义，表示“认为”。故选D项。4．推理判断题。根据第六段中“thetypeofclimate-impactlabelingcouldprovehighlyeffectiveinpreventingillness.However,astheresearcherswarn,climate-impactlabelsmayalsohavetheunwantedsideeffectofmakingachoiceseemhealthierthanitactuallyis.(这种类型的气候影响标签在预防疾病方面可能非常有效。然而，正如研究人员警告的那样，气候影响标签也可能产生不必要的副作用，使选择看起来比实际更健康)”可知，作者表明产品标注气候影响标签在预防疾病方面有成效，不过，它可能产生不必要的副作用。由此判断作者对于这种标注方法的态度是客观的。故选B项。DAnewstudyfocusedonbirdsexamineshowthemovementsofriversintheAmazonhavecontributedtothatarea’sexceptionalbiologicaldiversity.Theresearchteam,ledbytheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory,foundthatassmallriversystemschangeovertime,theyspurtheevolutionofnewspecies.ThefindingsalsorevealpreviouslyunknownbirdspeciesintheAmazonthatareonlyfoundinsmallareasnexttothesedynamicriversystems,puttingthemathighriskofextinction.ThelowlandrainforestsoftheAmazonRiverbasinharbor(藏匿)morediversitythananyotherecosystemontheplanet.Itisalsoagloballyimportantbiome(生物群落)containingabout18percentofalltreesonEarthandcarryingmorefreshwaterthanthenextsevenlargestriverbasinscombined.ResearchershavelongwonderedandhotlydebatedhowtheAmazon’srichbiodiversityaroseandaccumulated.“EarlyevolutionarybiologistslikeAlfredRusselWallacenoticedthatmanyspeciesofprimatesandbirdsdifferacrossoppositeriverbanksintheAmazon,”saidthestudy’sleadauthorLukasMusher.“Moreover,accumulatinggeologicalevidencehassuggestedthattheseriversarehighlydynamic,movingaroundtheSouthAmericanlandscapeoverrelativelyshorttimeperiods,ontheorderofthousandsortensofthousandsofyears.”ToinvestigatehowthemovementofriversacrossthelandscapehasinfluencedtheaccumulationofbirdspeciesintheAmazon,theresearcherssequencedthegenomes(基因组)ofsixspeciesofAmazonianbirds.Becausetheseriversmovearoundthelandscapeatdifferenttimescales,theirmovementscanhavevaryingoutcomesforbirdspecies:whenriverrearrangementsoccurquickly,populationsofbirdsoneachsidecancombinebeforethey’vehadtimetodiffer;whenriverchangeshappenslowly,specieshavealongertimetodivergefromoneanother.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“spur”inParagraph1mean?A．Stimulate. B．Renew. C．Pursue. D．Interrupt.6．Whathaveresearchersdebatedon?A．WhattheAmazon’sbiodiversityindicates. B．HowtheAmazon’sbiodiversitywasformed.C．WhethertheAmazonhastherichestbiodiversity. D．WhyAmazonbirdspeciesareatriskofdistinction.7．WhatcanweconcludefromLukasMusher’swords?A．TherearesixspeciesofAmericanbirds.B．RiversmoveveryslowlyinSouthAmerica.C．MostspeciesdifferacrossoppositeAmazonriverbanks.D．RivermovementmayleadtotheAmazon’sbiodiversity.8．WhathasinfluencedthechangeofbirdspeciesintheAmazon?A．Thelocationofrivermovement. B．Thepopulationsofbirds.C．Thespeedofrivermovement. D．Theamountofthegenomes.【答案】5．A

6．B

7．D

8．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了亚马逊河流流动对该地区生物多样性的贡献。5．词义猜测题。根据划线处上文“AnewstudyfocusedonbirdsexamineshowthemovementsofriversintheAmazonhavecontributedtothatarea’sexceptionalbiologicaldiversity.(一项针对鸟类的新研究调查了亚马逊河的流动是如何促成该地区非凡的生物多样性的。)”和划线单词所在句子“Theresearchteam,ledbytheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory,foundthatassmallriversystemschangeovertime,theyspurtheevolutionofnewspecies.(由美国自然历史博物馆领导的研究小组发现，随着时间的推移，小型河流系统会发生变化，从而spur新物种的进化。)”可知，亚马逊河的流动促成该地区非凡的生物多样性，这说明小型河流系统会发生变化，从而刺激新物种的进化，由此可知，spur可以解释称导致、引起，再往深一点是刺激了物种的进化。A.Stimulate刺激；B.Renew翻新、更新；A.Pursue追求；D.Interrupt打断。故选A。6．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“ResearchershavelongwonderedandhotlydebatedhowtheAmazon’srichbiodiversityaroseandaccumulated.(长期以来，研究人员一直想知道并激烈争论亚马逊丰富的生物多样性是如何产生和积累的。)”可知，调查者们正在争论的是亚马逊河流丰富的生物多样性是如何形成并累积的，故选B。7．推理判断题。根据第三段““EarlyevolutionarybiologistslikeAlfredRusselWallacenoticedthatmanyspeciesofprimatesandbirdsdifferacrossoppositeriverbanksintheAmazon,”saidthestudy’sleadauthorLukasMusher."Moreover,accumulatinggeologicalevidencehassuggestedthattheseriversarehighlydynamic,movingaroundtheSouthAmericanlandscapeoverrelativelyshorttimeperiods,ontheorderofthousandsortensofthousandsofyears.”(该研究的主要作者卢卡斯·穆舍说：“阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士等早期进化生物学家注意到，亚马逊河两岸的许多灵长类动物和鸟类物种不同。”“此外，越来越多的地质证据表明，这些河流是高度动态的，在相对较短的时间内，在数千年或数万年的时间内，在南美洲的景观中流动。”)”LukasMusher将这两件事关联起来，他认为是亚马逊河的流动导致了河两岸丰富的生物多样性，故选D。8．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“whenriverrearrangementsoccurquickly,populationsofbirdsoneachsidecancombinebeforethey’vehadtimetodiffer;whenriverchangeshappenslowly,specieshavealongertimetodivergefromoneanother.(当河流快速重新排列时，两边的鸟类种群在它们有时间变化之前就会结合在一起；当河流变化缓慢时，物种有更长的时间互相分化。)”可知高速的河流会导致物种组合，低速的河流会导致物种的差距越来越大。所以，影响鸟类种类改变的因素是河流的流速，故选C。II.完形填空Iwas40,withtwoadorablechildrenandacaringhusband.AndI’menjoyingachallengingbut____9____career.Althoughthisis“success”,sometimesIfeelmyheartaskingifthisiswhoItrulyam.Thechaosofthefamilykitchenwas____10____:thenoiseofthekettle,potsanddishes,andtheconversation____11____whileI’mmakingbreakfast.Iescaped____12____tomybedroom.OnlyinsilencedoIbeartheselfthatis____13____fromthechildrenandwonderwhothatpersonmightbe.So,Ijourneyed,forthefirsttimeinadecade,withoutmyhusbandorkids.Iwentwithafriendto____14____inIceland.Ihopedtheconsiderationofwalkingwouldhelpmebetter____15____whoIwantedtobe.For6days,Iwasabsorbedinwildsceneryandrealweather.ThemountainsinIcelandriseblackandtallintotheheavensagainstthewhitesnow.Lookingoutsideatwildwindandrainandknowingthere’snodecisiontomake____16____thesoul.Climbingamountainagainstsheetsofrainandreturningtoatentforasimplemeal____17____mehowlittleIactuallyneededandhowstrongIfelt_____18_____uncomfortable.Ifound_____19_____inIceland,andtimetoconsider“theme”outsidecareerandkidsasIsharedstorieswithstrangerswithno_____20_____pastandnoexpectedfuture.WhenIstoppedtalkingandjustlistened,Iwassurprisedathowmy_____21_____changed—Ibecamemoregenerous.Ilearnedgenerositycan_____22_____morespaceandmorewarmth_____23_____whentheremaynotseemenoughtogoaroundatfirstglance.Icamehometo_____24_____,chaosandlove.Iknowtheanswerisn’twaitingoutthereonthetopofamountainorinsidemyhead,however_____25_____Itrytohear;anditisn’tinconversationswithotherseekingsouls.Theanswerisinfrontofmewitheverysteponmyownlife’s_____26_____.I’mnotfindingmyself,butI’mcreatingmyself.IneedthestormasmuchasIneedthequietness._____27_____isbuiltunderaheavyload.I’mexpectingtopickupallofmyloadsandtravel_____28_____.9．A．disastrous B．fun C．dull D．tough10．A．comforting B．approving C．disturbing D．appealing11．A．demands B．solutions C．assumptions D．references12．A．originally B．apparently C．potentially D．briefly13．A．separate B．accessible C．different D．mixed14．A．volunteer B．hike C．settle D．wander15．A．understand B．picture C．suppose D．question16．A．trapped B．replaced C．freed D．drove17．A．warned B．reminded C．consulted D．promised18．A．asif B．eventhough C．so D．when19．A．confidence B．value C．silence D．happiness20．A．shared B．painful C．troubled D．glorious21．A．concern B．attitude C．life D．appearance22．A．advocate B．shoulder C．launch D．create23．A．indeed B．just C．only D．even24．A．doubt B．noise C．peace D．experience25．A．specifically B．casually C．hard D．randomly26．A．design B．pattern C．path D．belief27．A．Pleasure B．Strength C．Spirit D．Pressure28．A．aside B．off C．back D．on【答案】9．B

10．C

11．A

12．D

13．A

14．B

15．A

16．C

17．B

18．D

19．C

20．A

21．B

22．D

23．D

24．B

25．C

26．C

27．B

28．D【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述一个40岁的女士，因为家庭烦杂的家务和家人的嘈杂使得她想逃离，于是她就为了更好的去了解自己想做什么样的人，就和朋友一起去徒步旅行。9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很喜欢这份有挑战又有趣的工作。A.disastrous灾难的；B.fun有趣的；C.dull枯燥的；D.tough艰难的。根据上文“I’menjoyingachallengingbut”可知，下文要用和challenging相反的意思的形容词来描述作者对她的工作的态度，作者很喜欢的工作，应该是很有趣的。故选B。10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：家庭厨房的混乱令人不安：水壶、锅碗瓢盆的声音，以及我做早餐时的谈话要求。A.comforting令人安慰的；B.approving支持的；C.disturbing令人不安的；D.appealing吸引人的。根据下文“Iescaped4tomybedroom.OnlyinsilencedoIbeartheselfthatis5fromthechildrenandwonderwhothatpersonmightbe.”可知，作者不喜欢这样的生活状况，所以厨房里的混乱令她不安。故选C。11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第2题详解。A.demands需求，要求；B.solutions解决；C.assumptions假设；D.references参考。根据下文“OnlyinsilencedoIbeartheself”可知，作者想要安静，说明她平时得不到安静，所以她生活中应该是对谈话有要求。故选A。12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我只能短时间地逃到我的卧室。A.originally原始地；B.apparently明显地；C.potentially潜在地；D.briefly短时间地。根据下文“tomybedroom”可知，作者逃到她的卧室来远离令人不安的家庭琐事只是暂时的行为。故选D。13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：只有在沉默中，我才能承受与孩子们分离的自我，并想知道那个人可能是谁。A.separate分离的；B.accessible可到达的；C.different不同的；D.mixed混合的。根据下文“wonderwhothatpersonmightbe”可知，此处是指脱离孩子们作者是一个什么样的人。故选A。14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我和一个朋友去冰岛徒步旅行。A.volunteer自愿；B.hike徒步；C.settle定居；D.wander漫步。根据下文“Ihopedtheconsiderationofwalkingwouldhelpme”可知，作者是在那里徒步旅行。故选B。15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我希望对走路的考虑能帮助我更好地了解我想成为什么样的人。A.understand了解，理解；B.picture描绘；C.suppose假设；D.question问题。根据上文“wonderwhothatpersonmightbe”可知，作者一直想知道自己离开了家人会成为什么样的人，所以在外旅游期间就可以好好的思考并了解一下。故选A。16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：看着外面的狂风暴雨，并知道不需要做决定，我的灵魂得到了释放。A.trapped设陷阱；B.replaced代替；C.freed释放；D.drove开车。根据上文“Lookingoutsideatwildwindandrainandknowingthere’snodecisiontomake”可知，作者的状态是很放松的，所以是释放了灵魂，让灵魂自由了。故选C。17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：顶着大雨爬山，回到帐篷里吃一顿简单的饭，提醒我，我实际上需要的是多么的少，当我不舒服的时候，我感觉自己多么的强大。A.warned警告；B.reminded提醒；C.consulted咨询；D.promised承诺。根据下文“howlittleIactuallyneededandhowstrongIfelt10uncomfortable.”可知，这是作者意识到的内容，就好像是在提醒她自己。故选B。18．考查连词词义辨析。句意：见第9题详解。A.asif好像；B.eventhough尽管；C.so因此；D.when当……时候。根据上文“howstrongIfelt”可知，这是作者在她自己不舒服的时候的感受。故选D。19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在冰岛找到了宁静，有时间去思考除了事业和孩子之外的“我”，与没有共同过去和未来的陌生人分享故事。A.confidence自信；B.value价值；C.silence沉默，寂静；D.happiness快乐。根据上文“OnlyinsilencedoIbeartheselfthatis5fromthechildrenand.”可知，作者一直想要寻找的就是这份安静。故选C。20．考查形容词词义辨析