命题技术及改进建议培训课件

命题技术及改进建议福建省普通教育教学研究室

吴青梅

2008年4月10日福州一、听力理解试题评析（一）命题技术1.听音选图片

近年中考听力测试中使用频率最高的题型之一，对学生简单的理解能力考察效率最高。案例1对话理解：听对话，从A、B、C三幅图画中选出符合对话内容的图画。（泉州卷）录音原文：7.W:It’sahotday,isn’tit?M:Yes,itis.

8.W:Doyouhaveapet?M:Yes,Ihaveapet.9.W:Wouldyoulikesomefish?M:Yes,please.Ilikefishverymuch.答案：7—9.ABC案例2听句子，选出与句子意思相符的图片。（读两遍）（龙岩卷）录音原文：1.Monkeysarelovelyanimals.2.Jane’smotherboughtapairofshoesforheryesterday.3.Myuncleisafarmer.Heworksonafarm.4.Mostchildrenlikeeatinghamburgers.5.Look!LiLeiisridingabiketoschool.

(答案：1.D2.C3.E4.B5.F)2.听对话，选择最佳选项18.A.Hispen.B.Hisfriend.C.Hisdictionary.录音原文：

18.W:Whatareyoudoing,Tom?Youhaveputthingseverywhere.M:Oh,Mum.Haveyouseenthedictionarythatmypenpalsentme?Ijustcan’tfindit.Q:WhatisTomlookingforinhisroom?案例415.A.Theanimalsindanger.B.Thedeafpeople.C.Theblindchildren.录音原文：15.W:Thereisaconcertthisweekend.

M:Yes,Ihavereadaboutitinthenewspaper.W:Thesingersaretryingtoraisemoneyfortheblindchildren.Willyougothere?

M:Ofcourse.Whataboutyou?W:Me,too.Q:Whoarethesesingerstryingtoraisemoneyfor?案例53.听短文，记录信息这也是一种常见题型。《课程》标准要求学生具备“能在听的过程中用适当的方式做出反应”的能力，“听对话或独白，记录相关信息”这样基于完成任务的题型能够有效地测试出学生的上述能力。如：Thewitness’s(目击者)name:(76.)____________Date:(77.)____________,June23Time:(78.)____________a.m.Place:(79.)____________StreetAccident:A(80.)___________carknockeddownanoldlady.

Needs:1.asmall(81.)____________;2.some(82.)____________;3.athick(83.)____________;4.the(84.)____________box;5.tobuysome(85.)____________.Don’tneeds:personalCDplayer案例6

（厦门卷）听一篇对话和一篇短文，用恰当的单词填空完成76-85题，每空一词。听三遍。

TextA:根据听音内容，完成目击者的笔录。TextB:根据听音内容，填写履行前的计划准备。（录音原文略）答案：76.Alice77.Monday78.7:1579.Garden80blue81.backpack82.books83.coat84.medicine85.presents案例726.A.SandyGreen B.AnnaGreen C.SandyGreenandAnnaGreen27.A.Hongkong B.London C.Beijing28.A.CA186 B.CA168 C.CA61829.A.16∶15，July5th B.16∶30，July5th C.16∶15，July6th30.A.1200pounds B.1200HKdollars C.600HKdollars

答案：26-30：CBBAC

Ⅳ.听选信息。（每小题1分，满分5分）下面是CIAC航空公司（CIACAirlines）的订票电话记录单，请根据你所听到的对话内容，选择正确选项完成信息记录表。TicketBookingInformationSheetofCIACAirlinesPassenger（s）

26Destination（目的地）

27_FlightNumber28Time&Date29_TicketPrice（each）30_Ⅳ.听选信息。（每小题1分，满分5分）

下面是CIAC航空公司（CIACAirlines）的订票电话记录单，请根据你所听到的对话内容，选择正确选项完成信息记录表。听力录音：第四题.听选信息。下面是CIAC航空公司的订票电话记录，请根据所听到的对话内容，选择正确的选项完成信息记录单。现在你有25秒钟的时间阅读26-30小题，对话读三遍。

M:WhatcanIdoforyou,Madam?W:I’dliketwoticketstoLondon.M:OK.Whenwouldyouliketofly?W:Onthe5thofnextmonth.（试卷提法和录音提法不同）M:July5th.

….附：问题？听第3段对话，回答第15-17小题。Test13W:Hi,Kangkang.Whatabeautifulday,isn’tit?M:Yes,itis.Whataboutgoinghikingwithus,Mary?W:Thanksalot.I’dloveto,butI’mbusywithmyworkthesedays.M:Whatapity!W:WhynotaskMariainstead?Ithinkshe’dloveto.M:OK.I’llcallher.（二）改进建议1.体现《课程标准》理念认真研读《课程标准》，准确把握《课程标准》对初中毕业生英语水平的要求，体现《课程标准》中提倡的理念，如《课程标准》提出的要在语境中考查学生运用英语的能力。2.选用适当材料命题尽量选择一些学生熟悉的、贴近他们生活何经历的材料。在注重体现实用性的同时，选择一些与学生生活和经历相关的材料，以便符合学生的认知年龄特点，增加实体的效度。3.加强学习，提高命题技术认真研读测试理论，通过实践，逐步提高命题技术，避免题目本身影响学生的成绩。学生的生活经历和生活环境差异很大，如果听力材料的选择不是所有学生熟悉的内容，就会造成不平等。同时也会降低题目的信度。4.努力凸现听力测试的目的任务大多数的听力材料具有明显的口语特征，比较真实自然，符合英语在社会生活运用的真实场景。同时，听力测试题的设置也应以事实相关的内容和简单的推理类题目为主，较多地设置回答what\who\when\which\where等方面的问题，如果过多地设置与how\why相关的问题，就会增加听力理解的难度。题干和选项的设置也要简洁明了，尽量减少阅读题干的难度。否则，会加重学生阅读负担，弱化听力测试的目的。二、语言知识运用试题评析（一）命题技术任何语言测试尤其是大规模、高风险的语言测试必须具备四个要素：效度、信度、可行性和对教学积极的反拨作用。效度：亦称有效性，在很大程度上是为了目的所要考的。信度：指语言测试结果的一致性程度。任何测试都必须在效度、信度、可行性和对教学积极的反拨作用之间采取妥协，保持平衡。以下将就语言知识运用部分（主要谈两种题型：单项选择和完形填空），从效度、信度和对教学积极的反拨作用的角度分析试题的命制技术，并举例说明试题是否在技术上存在缺陷。1.单项选择试题的命制技术评析覆盖面广，考查学生语言知识运用能力最为普遍的方式。优点：便于阅卷和评分缺点：对设计技术有较高的要求案例8-12例8-Ineedsomehelp.Canyou______thebananasforfruitsalad?-Yes,Mum.Butwhere’stheknife?(厦门卷)A.cutupB.mixupC.putup例9—ShallItellMariaaboutit?—No,you______.I’vealreadytoldher.(漳州卷)A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.shouldn’t例10—Whichdoyouprefertouse,thephoneorthemobilephone?—______.IenjoyusingQQ.(三明卷)A.NeitherB.EitherC.Both例11---PleasegivemeawhenyouarriveinLondon,MissGao.---Allright,I‘lltellyoueverythingwhenIgetthere.(南平卷)A.subjectB.newspaperC.ticket D.ring例12Lookatthetable.Susanwantstobuyapizza,abottleoforangejuiceandanicecream.Howmuchwillshepay?(宁德卷)

A.Sixyuanandtwentyfen.B.Sevenyuanandtwentyfen.C.Eightyuanandtwentyfen.Pizza￥2.40Largecoke￥1.00Coffee￥2.50Water￥0.80Icecream￥2.00Hamburger￥1.50Orangejuice￥1.80Roastchicken￥3.00

案例13-14例13Doyouknow______?Sheiswantedonthephone.

A.whereisLucyB.LucyiswhereC.whereLucyisCouldyoutellme______?A.wherecanIexchangemoneyB.toexchangemoneywhereC.wheredoIexchangemoneyD.whereIcanexchangemoney例14-Doyouhaveanyplansforyoursummervacation?-Iam______forLondonnextSunday.A.goingtoB.leavingD.willgo案例15-16例15—Isthere______bookonthedesk?—Yes,thereis.A.theB.aC.an例16—Canyoulendmeyourruler?______isbroken.—Sorry,Ileftitathome.A.MineB.YoursC.MyD.Your案例17-18例17

Youlookhungry.Don’tyouwant________toeat?

A.somethingB.anythingC.nothing

D.everything例18

Didyouborrowthebike________Jim?

A.withB.fromC.to

D.for2.完形填空试题的命制技术评析（1）选材要求①所选短文应该主旨明确，大意清楚，有较好的连贯性。2007年中考完形填空试题所选材料基本上体现了这一原则。大多数完形填空的材料的体裁是记叙文。叙事体材的文章往往本身具有一定情节性和较好的连贯性，主旨明确，意思清楚，易于被考生把握和理解。体裁为说明文或议论文的文章也较好地体现了这条原则。②材料应语言难度适当，内容为考生所熟悉。2007年各地中考试卷完形填空的选文内容都比较贴近学生的生活实际。案例19II．完形填空（每小题1分，共10分）阅读下面短文，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Doyouthinkofyourparents?“Yes,ofcourse,”youmayanswer,“Ibuyapresentformymotheron46.AndIgivemyfatherapresentonFather’sDay,47.”Thenwhatabouttheotherdaysofayear?Always48tothinkofyourparents,notjustonsomeimportantdays.Ihaveafriendwho49alone,becauseherparentsliveinanothercity.OnedayIwenttoseeher.Wehadanicechat.Thenshewantedtomakea50.Shedialed(拨)thenumber,butthensheputthephone51.Afterabouttenseconds,shedialedthenumberagain.“Hi,Mum…”LaterIasked,“Whydidyoudialthenumber52?”Shesmiled,“Myparentsareold.Theycan’tgetclosetothetelephone53.IalwaysdosowhenIcallthem.Ijustwanttogivethem54timetoanswerthecall.”Myfriendisagoodgirl.Sheisalways55herparents.Youalsowanttobeagoodchild,right?Sowhynotlearnfromher?46.A.Father’sDayB.Mother’sDayC.Teachers’DayD.Children’sDay47.A.tooB.alsoC.eitherD.Yet48.A.refuseB.forgetC.decideD.remember49.A.liveB.livesC.livedD.living50.A.faceB.cardC.callD.cake51.A.upB.offC.downD.on52.A.onceB.twiceC.severaltimesD.manytimes53.A.lonelyB.slowlyC.quietlyD.quickly54.A.lessB.littleC.enoughD.alot55.A.thinkingaboutB.laughingatC.pickingupD.lookingfor

（Answer:BADBCCBDCA）案例20完形填空

MartinisanAmericanboy.Heiseightyearsold.Hisparents26fiveyearsagoandheisnowlivingwithhisgrandmotherinNewYork.

……

“Ifwehadasmallcomputer,alltheproblemswouldbe29forustodo.”Jimmysaid.

“Asmallcomputer…,”Martinthoughtforaminute,thenhesaid,“I’vegotanidea.Wecanbuyoneinashop.”Thenextmorning,they34thepostofficeontheirwaytoschool.Theyfoundabox,theboxwasnotapostboxbuttrash-box(果皮箱).

26.A.havedied

B.haddiedC.diedD.havebeendeath

29.A.easyenoughB.enougheasyC.difficultenoughD.enoughdifficult34.A.passedB.pastC.pastedD.passing

(正确答案为：26.C29.A34.A)（2）考点的设置①不宜在短文首句和句末设空。因为首句通常给学生提供必要的背景信息。如果首句信息不全，容易影响考生对文段的理解。案例21Oneday,ayoungmanaskedAlbertEinstein,46greatGermanscientist,47thesecret(秘密)ofsuccess(成功)was.Thescientist48himthatthesecretofsuccessishardwork.Afewdays49theyoungmanaskedhimthe50questionagain.Einsteinwasvery51.Hedidnotsay52,butwroteafew53onapieceofpaperand54ittotheyoungman.Theyoungmanlooked55thepieceofpaper.Onitwas56:A=X+Y+Z.“What57thismean?”askedtheyoungman.“Ameanssuccess,”58theoldscientist.“Xmeanshardwork,Ymeansgoodmethods(方法)，andZ…Zmean59talkingandstartto60.”

46.A.aB.theC.oneD.some47.A.whoB.whetherC.whatD.which48.A.toldB.saidC.talkedD.spoke…

答案：46.B47.C48.A②所删的词语在文段中确实有上下文线索，使考生能依据这些线索进行推断。2007年完形填空题有不少设计很巧妙的空，要求考生必须充分理解把握上下文线索才能推断出答案。案例22Oneday,apoorboy,whowassellingnewspapersfromdoortodoorinordertopayforhisschooling,foundhehadonlytencentsleft,andhewas31.Hedecidedtoaskforamealatthenexthouse.However,hechangedhismindwhenayoungwomanopenedthedoor.Insteadofa32heaskedforadrinkofwater.Butashelookedsohungry,she33himalargeglassofmilk.Hedrankit,andthenasked,“HowmuchdoIowe(欠)you?”“Mymotherteachesmenevertoacceptmoneyforany34,”shereplied,“soyoudon’towemeanything”…31.A.thirstyB.hungryC.tiredD.excited32.A.tomatoB.sweetC.mealD.banana33.A.orderedB.broughtC.soldD.found34.A.businessB.firnessC.illnessD.kindness…

答案：31.B32.C33.B34.D

Doyoulikecomics〈漫画〉？Manyoftheworld'smostpopularcomics36Japan.Thedrawingisexcellent.Thestoriesareinteresting.37theyarefuntoread.38，Japaneseartistsoftenhavenewwaysofdrawing.Theyinfluenceartistsin39countries.Thesecomicsareoftenmadeintocartoons40arewatchedbymillionofpeopleinAsia，Europe，adAmerica.Also，toysaremadefromthecomics.Soyoucansee，it'savery41business！Eachperson42hisownfavoritecomic.Somepopular43areBlackJack，Conan，andSakura.Manyartistswhodrawcomicsbecome44inJapan.Someofthemarelikemoviestars.Peopleloveandrespecttheir45

.36．A．comefromB．isfromC．startinginD．writein37．A．IfB．AndC．OrD．But38．A．OnetimeB．ThetruthC．InfactD．Howso39．A．othersB．anotherC．otherD．the0ther40．A．whichB．soC．theyD．what41．A．smallB．badC．bigD．lucky42．A．haveB．hadC．hasD．having43．A．comicB．oneC．OnesD．artist45．A．jobB．workC．storyD．movie答案：36.A37.B38.C42.C43.C45.B案例23③不宜把语言知识以外的其他知识最为考查的重点。案例24“Faster,higher,39”istheslogan(口号)oftheOlympics.39.A.strongerB.richerC.better答案：A④设计考点时，一定要避免某题的答案出现在文章的其他地方。Theywereallvery45,sotheyatetheirsupperquicklyandfellasleep.Therewerefourguardsonduty,buttheytoo,wereverytired,andonebyone,also46.…45.A.excitedB.tiredC.angry46.A.felldownB.fellasleepC.feltsick答案：45.B46.B案例25⑤试题所涉及的各类考点应均衡分布。2007年中考完形填空试题的各类考点分布不是很均衡，虽选材较好，对挖空考虑间距，但对考点的设计考虑得不是很周到。Ⅵ.完形填空从A、B、C三个选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。（每小题1分，满分10分）Peterwasalwaysmakingexcusesforforgettingtodothings.Hisusualexcusewas“Iwastoobusy”or“Ididn’thavetime”.Peter’sparentswereworriedabouthim.“Hemustn’tgothroughlifemakingexcusesallthetime.”hisfathersaid,“46willbelievehim.Hewon’tbeabletokeepajob.Nobrightgirlwillmarryhim.”“Idon’tknow47wecando.”saidhismother.“Ihaveagood48,”hisfathersaid,“Ifthisdoesn’twork,nothingwill.”ThenextdaywasPeter’sbirthday.Whenhethoughtofgettingexcitingpresents,hecouldn’twait.Hewokeupexpectinghisparentstowish49“Happybirthday!”butalltheysaidwas“Goodmorning,Peter.Hurryup,50you’llbelateforschool.”Therewerenopresents,notevenacard.Hewasvery51.“Nevermind,”hethought,“They’llgivemeasurpriseafterschool.”Buttheydidn’t.Finally,atdinnerhesaidtohisparents，“Todayis52.”“Oh!”hisfathersaid,“Soitis.I53.”“SodidI.”hismothersaid.“Howcouldyouforget?”Peterasked,“Theremust54areason.”“Well,yes.”hisfathersaid,“Wehaveareallygoodexcuseforforgettingyourbirthday,Peter.Wedidn’trememberyourbirthday55weweretoobusy.”PoorPeter.Heneverhadasillyexcusefornotdoingsomethingagain!案例2646.A.SomebodyB.Everybody C.Nobody47.A.what B.how C.why48.A.excuseB.message C.idea49.A.him B.he C.his50.A.and B.or C.but51.A.happy B.excited C.sad52.A.Sunday B.mybirthday C.Father’sDay53.A.agreed B.remembered C.forgot54.A.be B.is C.are55.A.so B.though C.because答案：46-50：CACAB51-55：CBCAC改进建议：1.对语言知识的考查应注重考查语言的使用(use)，而不是语言的用法(usage)；2.一定要在语境中考查学生运用语言的能力；3.所选语言材料要鲜活、真实、地道；4.从选项设计质量的角度出发，单项选择题可以考虑使用3个选项；5.通过听、说、读、写的形式来考查学生的综合语言运用能力；6.教学中正确处理好语言知识和语言能力的关系。三、交际用语试题评析间接考查学生的口语交际能力。交际用语部分使用的名称不太统一。情景交际运用、口语应用、补全对话、情景选择、情景应答、交际运用主要的题型差额选择、填词、填句子、看图完成句子有些试题仅仅局限于对某些词汇或表达法的考查。例27M:Excuseme.56isthenearestpostoffice?

S:Sorry,Idon’tknow.You’dbetteraskthepolicemanoverthere.

M:Thankyouallthesame.

Excuseme.57isthewaytothenearestpostoffice?

Z:Godownthisstreet58youreachthefirstcrossing.Thenturnright.

M:59isitfromhere?

Z:It’sabouttwomiles.

M:60canIgetthere?

Z:Youcangotherebybus.

M:Isee.Thankyouverymuch.

Z:You’rewelcome.

(正确答案为：56.Where57.Which58.until59.Howfar60.How)四、阅读理解试题评析1.选择题2.判断正误题3.段落排序题4.匹配题5.问题简答题（一）考试形式1.选择题(三明卷)Kellytookpartinacharity(慈善)walklastweek.Thewalkwasorganizedbythelocalgovernment.Thepurposeofthewalkwastoraisemoneyforthechildreninpoorareas.Kellywasveryexcitedbecausethiswasherfirsttimetojointhiskindofactivity.Onemonthbeforethewalk,Kellybegantopractice.Sheranfor30minutesandwenttobedat9:00p.m.everyday,andclimbedthemountainseverySaturdayandSunday.Shehopedthatshecouldkeephealthy.Finallythedayarrived.WhenKellygottotheplacewheretheystarted,shewassurprisedtoseeover1,000peoplehadbeenthere.…61.Thelocalgovernmentorganizedthecharitywalk______.A.totellpeoplehowtoworktogetherB.toraisemoneyforKellyC.tohelpthepoorchildren…答案：61.C例282.判断正误题(福州卷)HaveyouseenthevideosonTV?DoyouwearlargeT-shirtsandbaggyjeans?Orhaveyouheardsomeonerap(说唱)?Hip-Hopisveryhotnow.Hip-Hopmusicwasstartedinthemiddleofthe1970sbyAfricanAmericansinNewYork.Themusic,break-dancing(霹雳舞)andgraffiti(涂鸦)makeupWesternHip-Hopculture.MostoftheHip-Hopsongsareaboutlove,jobsorevengames.Usuallyinrap,singersspeakwordsveryquicklytoacertainbeat.Mostofthewordsarefun.Singersplayoffwordstomakefunofthemselvesorothers.Hip-Hopmusichasfewrules.Singersjustdowhattheythinkandrapitoutinacleverorcreativeway.Thefreedommakesalotofteenagersfallinlovewiththemusic.ManyofthemlikewearinglargeT-shirtsandbaggyjeans.FamousrapandHip-HopstarsincludeEminemintheU.S.andJayChoufromChina.TodayHip-Hopismoreandmorepopularacrossmostoftheworld.61.AfricanAmericansstartedHip-Hopmusicinthemiddleofthe1970sinNewYork.62.TherearethreemainkindsofmusicinWesternHip-Hopculture.63.Hip-Hopmusicisverypopular,butithasalotofrulestofollow.64.FromthepassageweknowJayChouisafamousrapandHip-Hopstar.65.Manyteenagersdon’tlikewearinglargeT-shirtsorbaggyjeans.答案：61—65.TFFTF例29Thereisagreat

true

storyaboutChinese

chess,whichhappened2200yearsago.InordertobringdowntheQinDynastyafterthedeathofEmperorQinShihuang,thepeasantsfoughtagainstthegovernment.Amongthem,therewerethetwostrongestarmiesledbyXiangYuandLiuBang.Inordertobethenewemperor,therewasagreatfinalbattlebetweenthem.ThebattlefieldwasalongtheChuRiver.Finally,Liuandhisarmywonthebattle.Sohebecamethenextemperor.PeopleinventedChinese

chessinmemoryofthefamousbattle.1.Thestoryhappenedabout1,500yearsago.2.AfterthedeathofEmperorQinShihuang,thepeasantsfoughtagainstthegovernmentoftheQinDynasty.3.ThebattlefieldwasalongtheChuRiver.

4.Finally,Liuandhisarmywonthebattle.5.InmemoryofXiangYu,peopleinventedChinese

chess.答案：1—5.FTTTT例30正误题的题干要基于文章内容，陈述句要不同于文章的原始文字。同时也要兼顾到正误答案的比例，因为判断错误的答案要难于判断正确的答案。3.段落排序题阅读下列语段，把它们组成一篇连贯的短文。（每小题1分，共5分）(A)Afire-enginewillarrivequickly.Thefiremenknowwhattodo.Theyhavelongladderstoreachhighwindows.(B)Ifyouwanttobeafireman,youmustbestrongandhealthy.Afiremanhastobeabletocarryheavythings.Hehastobeabletoclimbladdersandtoworkinhighplaces.Sohealsohastobebrave.(C)Theytrytheirbesttorescuethepeoplewhocan’tgetout.Ifsomepeoplearehurt,theyaretakentohospitalinambulances(救护车).(D)Whenafirebegins,wemusttellthefireman.Doyouknowhowtodothis?(E)Afterallthepeoplehavebeenrescued,thefiremenputoutthefire.Sometimesthisisverydifficultbecausesomepeoplekeepthingsinpassagesandonstairs.Thenthefiremencan’tgetpasttofightthefire.(F)Gotothenearesttelephoneanddialthenumber119.Whensomeonespeaks,tellhimaboutthefire.Speakslowlyandclearly.

Therightorderis：第一语段：D106.

107.

108.

109.

110._答案：106—110.FACEB

例314.匹配题例32答案：101—105.DBAEC5.问题简答题例331.考查的内容要均衡，对各种阅读能力的测试要全面命制原则：多层次、多角度考查学生不同的阅读能力和阅读策略的运用。否则测试就达不到应有的效度。如：（二）命题技术2.阅读理解考查的重点是学生获取和处理信息的能力。56.TheBeijing-ShanghaiRailwaylineruns1,462kilometres,doesn’tit?A.Yes,itdoes.B.No,itdoesn’t.C.It’sveryfar.D.Wedon’tknow.例343.要注意试题的科学性和答案的唯一性测试试题题干和答案都要有科学性，没有争议、疑义，这样，才能提高考试的效度。IfyouarefreeonTuesdayafternoon,whatout-of-classactivitiescanyouhaveatschool?A.Playingbasketballorfootball.B.Singinganddancing.C.Drawingorreading.D.GoingtotheEnglishcorner.例3536.FromthesecondparagraphweknowthatQQandAIMare______.A.addressesfortheinternetusersB.documentsyouneedtogetonlineC.toolsforpeopletotalkaboutD.progamsofacomputer例364.要注意题目和阅读材料的关联性51.Manyofuslikegoingonlinebecauseitcanhelpus______.A.learnEnglishandsende-mailB.getmoreinformationC.playcomputergamesD.allofabove76.Arewelivinginaworldfullofcompetition?(简答题)例37—385.阅读材料难度、长度要适当选文如果太短，信息量不够。一般说来，每篇阅读短文的长度应在200个词左右为宜。6.应该尽可能避免带有否定的题干58.WhichisNOTright?A.Mattneversucceededinstandingontheboard.B.Mattdidn’thaveasurfboardofhisown.C.WaynetoldMatttogetclosetowhitewaves.D.MattandJenniferareclassm