2025届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解分类练习专题02阅读理解之推理判断学与练含解析

阅读理解分类练习之推理推断Part1整体感知一、推理推断题主要考查学生：（1）推断隐含意义的实力。（2）推断作者的观点或看法的实力。（3）推断写作目的的实力。（4）推断文章的出处的实力。（5）推断上下文内容的实力。1.细微环节推理推断题该类型题干主要命题特征：1.题干主要包括六个动词：infer（推断），indicate（象征，示意），imply（示意），suggest（示意），conclude（作出结论）和assume（假定，设想）。此类题目常见出题方式：Itcanbeinferred/concluded/seenfromthetextthat_______.Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanwedrawaccordingtothepassage?Inwhichofthefollowingpublicationswouldthispassagemostlikelybeprinted?Theattitudeoftheauthortowardssomebody/sonethingis_______.What’stheauthor’sattitudetoward…?Themainpurposeofthistextis_____.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat_______.2.驾驭表述作者观点看法的形容词、动词（1）表示主动的词：support（支持），supportive（支持的），approve（赞成），approving（赞同的），for（支持），infavorof（支持），optimistic（乐观的），positive（主动的），objective（客观的），helpful（有帮助的），admiring（赞许的），serious（肃穆的），enthusiastic（热忱的），pleasant（开心的），polite（礼貌的），concerned（关切的），humorous（幽默的），unbiased（无偏见的），confident（自信的），impressive（给人印象深刻的）等。（2）表示消极的词汇：disgusted（厌恶的），disgusting（令人厌恶的），critical（指责的），negative（否定的），suspicious（怀疑的），intolerable（无法忍受），disappointed（悲观的），biased（有偏见的），compromising（有失风光 的），uninterested（不感爱好的），worried（担忧的），hostile（敌对的），ironic（讽刺的），sarcastic（挖苦的），bitter（令人不快的），cynical（愤世嫉俗的），sentimental（伤感的），emotional（心情激烈的），sceptical（怀疑的），opposed（剧烈反对的），angry（生气的），doubt（怀疑）等。（3）表示中立的词：indifferent（冷淡的；漠不关切的），inpersonal（客观的），impartial（不偏袒的），factual（事实的），objective（客观的），neutral（中立的）等。二、正确选项特征1.“立足原文，只推一步”，即依据原文内容，一步即可推得。2.选项中一般不出现肯定概念，如only，never，all，absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用一些相对能够留有一些余地的词汇，如often，usually，sometimes，some，may，might，can，could，possibly，probably等。三、干扰选项特征1.只是原文的简洁复述，而非推断出来的结论，把干脆表达当作间接推理；2.主观臆断：没有基于原文进行推断，而是依据常识推断；3.过度推断：作者只是客观地叙述事实，并未做出评论，而一些选项却主观地进行推断。如提到一样东西贵，并不意味着就买不起。4.错误推断：某些细微环节看似从原问推断出来的结论，然而事实上与原文不符，或断章取义，或因果倒置和手段变目的等；Part2解题方法方法1.依据特定信息进行推断在阅读中作推断，肯定要以材料供应的事实为依据，作出的推断要合乎情理。有些简洁的推理推断题，可依据题干供应的信息，到原文中去抓关键信息，然后进行分析、推理、推断。典题例证（2024.全国卷I阅读D节选）Wemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That’sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.32.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A.Theyareenvironment-friendly. B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.C.Theycostmoretouseathome. D.Theygooutofstylequickly.依据节选段的最终一句“That’sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.”可知，做同样的事，过时的电子设备比新设备耗能更多。由此可推断，作者认为新设备更节能、更环保，故答案为A。方法2.从字里行间悟出作者的言外之意。…Theyoungmanquicklyanswered,“Yes,sir.”从quickly和“Yes,sir.”可以推论出，说话者好像看法谦卑，甚至有点诚惶诚恐。“…LotsofpeoplethinkI’mjustagreenkid.I’llshowthem.”Green原意为“绿色的”，由此引申为“不成熟的”，这里可译作“毛孩子”。从“I’llshowthem.”可推论出两层意思：1.“很多人认为我只是一个毛孩子，我要给他们做个样子看看。”（表示很自信）；2.“很多人认为我只是一个毛孩子，我要给他们一点颜色让他们看看。”（威逼的口气）Theoldmanstaggered(摇摇摆晃地走)alongthesidewalk.Hegrabbedatthepicketfencetokeepfromfalling.Historngrayovercoatswayedopeninthewinterwind.马虎地学生可能会从“staggered（摇摇摆晃）”，“grabbed…fromfalling”推论出这个老头喝醉了。明显这种推论缺乏足够的证据，因为学生忽视了“Historngrayovercoatswayedopeninthewinterwind.”这一事实。事实上，作者描绘了一幅凄惨的画面。合理的推论应当是：这位老人上了年纪，身体很虚弱。方法3.利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断文章是作者抒发感情、表达观点的一种方式。因此很多文章，尤其是记叙文和争论文，其语境都有肯定的褒贬性，来反映主子公的特定心理和心情状态以及作者的写作意图。驾驭好文章的语境褒贬性就能在把握主旨的基础上对文章进行精确的逻辑推断。典题例证（2024.全国卷ID节选）Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool（小学）,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.32.Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?A.Unkind.B.Lonely.C.Generous.D.Cool.解析：依据第一段Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.可知，在美妙的小学时间里，我喜爱共享我的洋娃娃和笑话，这让我保持了高高的社会地位。由此推断出，作者在小学早期时，是一个慷慨的女孩。unkind不友善的；lonely孤独的；generous慷慨的；cool冷静的；酷的。故选C。方法4.依据文章体裁和内容推断文章出处推断文章出处的题目应从文章的体裁和内容着手。一般来说，报纸上的新闻前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称等；广告类文章因其格式特别，简洁分辨；产品说明类文章器皿、设备的运用说明会有产品名称或操作方式。典题例证（2010.全国卷III阅读B节选）BManyofusloveJulybecauseit’sthemonthwhennature’sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia’sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白质),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物质).TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(樱桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.27.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Abiologytextbook. B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Aresearchpaper. D.Atravelbrochure.解析：依据节选第一段中的“ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia’sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.”并结合节选其次段描述的几种富含各种维生素的水果可以断定这篇文章可能来自健康杂志。答案为B.Part3阅读理解仿真组合练AResearchpublishedinthejournalHighTemperaturefoundthatanhour-longsoakinhotwaterproducedsimilarbloodsugarresponsesto60minutesofmoderatephysicalactivity.Soundtoogoodtobetrue?Whiletheresearchontheseeffectsisstillinitial(初步)，thereisaplausibleexplanationforthis."Itseemsthatactivitiesthatincreaseheatshockproteins(热体克蛋)mayhelptoimprovebloodsugarcontrolandofferanalternativetoexercise,"theleadstudyauthorSteveFaulknerwrote.“Theseactivities—suchassoakinginahottubortakingasauna(桑拿)—mayhavehealthbenefitstopeoplewhoareunabletoexerciseregularly.toanhour-longsessionofcyclingoranhour-longsessionina40℃bath.Thescientistsdiscoveredthatbothgroupswerebetterabletocontroltheirbloodsugarlevelsinthe24hoursfollowingtheirsoakwereapproximately10percentlowerthanthoseoftheparticipantswhoexercised.Researcherssaythisimpliesthat“passiveheating"(ameansofrisingyourbodytemperature)couldassistinloweringbloodsugarlevels.Passiveheatingcanaffectproteinsinthebodycalledheatshockproteins,whichhelpsregulatebloodsugar.Peoplewithdiabetes(糖尿病)tendtohavelowerlevelsofheatshockproteins.Passiveheatingcanraisetheselevels.It'scriticaltopointoutafewlimitationsofthestudy.Forstarters,theexperimentonlymonitoredmen,soit'sdifficulttosayifthesameeffectwouldhappeninwomen.Italsoonlyincluded14volunteers,whichwasanextremelysmallsamplesize.Moreresearchneedstobeconductedbeforescientistscancometoanyofficialconclusion.And,ofcourse,youshouldstillcontinueexercisingregularly.Thatbeingsaid,thestudydoesoffersomemorepromisinginsights(见解)intothehealingeffectsofhotwater.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plausible”inParagraph2referto?A.Strange. B.Ridiculous.C.Reasonable. D.Confusing.2.WhatcanweknowabouttheresearchbytheU.K.'steam?A.Cyclingmadenodifferencetobloodsugarlevels.B.Peoplewithdiabetesusuallyhavehigherlevelsofheatshockproteins.C.14leanand14overweightmenwereinvolvedintheresearch.D.A24-hourtrackingandmonitoringwascarriedoutaftertheone-houractivities.3.Howshouldscientistsimprovethisstudy?A.Byextendingthestudyperiod.B.Bychangingtheresearchmethod.C.Byincludingwomenintheresearch.D.Byaddingmorescientistsinvolvedintheinvestigation.4.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressestheauthor'smainpointofview?A.Whenyourunafeveryougetpassiveheating.B.Passiveheatingcanraiselevelsofheatshockproteins.C.Theresearchisofsignificanceinspiteofsomeimperfection.D.Youneedeitherahotbathorregularexercisetokeephealthy.BTheannualmarathoninmytownoccurredasscheduled.Myjobwastofollowbehindtherunnersinanambulanceincaseanyofthemneededmedicalattention.Astheathletesbegantopacethemselves,thefrontrunnersstartedtodisappear.ItwasthenthatmyeyesweredrawntothewomaninbluerunningshortsandabaggywhiteT-shirt.Iknewwewerealreadywatchingour“lastrunner”.Herfeetwereturnedin,yetherleftkneewasturnedout.Herlegsweresocrippledandbentthatitseemedimpossibleforhertowalk,letalonerunamarathon.ThedriverandIwatchedinsilenceassheslowlymovedforward.Wewouldmoveforwardalittlebit,thenstopandwaitforhertogainsomedistance.Thenwe’dslowlymoveforwardalittlebitmore.AsIwatchedherstruggletoputonefootinfrontoftheother,Ifoundmyselfbreathingforherandurgingherforward.Iwantedhertostop,andatthesametime,Iprayedthatshewouldn’t.Finally,shewastheonlyrunnerleftinsight.Isatontheedgeofmyseatandwatchedwithrespectandamazementasshepushedforwardwithsheerdeterminationthroughthelastmiles.Whenthefinishlinecameintosight,thecheeringcrowdshadlonggonehome.Yet,standingstraightandproudwaitedaman.Hewasholdingoneendofaribbontiedtoapost.Sheslowlycrossedthrough,leavingbothendsoftheribbonfluttering(飘动)behindher.Idon’tknowthiswoman’sname,butthatdayshebecameapartofmylife—apartIoftendependon.Forher,itwasn’taboutbeatingtheotherrunnersorwinningaprize.Itwasaboutfinishingwhatshehadsetouttodo.WhenIthinkthingsaretoodifficultorIgetthose“I-just-can’t-do-it,”Ithinkofthelastrunner.ThenIrealizehoweasythetaskbeforemereallyis.5．Whatwordscanbestdescribethewoman?A．Proudanddetermined. B．Strong-willedandhonorable.C．Modestandcourageous. D．Diligentandconsiderate.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“crippled”inparagraph2mean?A．Disabled. B．Healthy. C．Perfect. D．Strong.7．Whathastheauthorlearntfromthewoman?A．Don’tdependonotherswhenfacinghardships.B．Nothingistootoughtoaccomplishifoneisbraveenough.C．Thedisabledcanalsorunamarathondespitetheirwalkingdifficulty.D．It’snotwinningbutfinishingthethingwestartthatreallymatters.8．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．AHumorousStranger. B．AnUnforgettableJob.C．TheLastRunner. D．TheAnnualMarathon.CYourcolleague’ssharpcommentkeepsreplayinginyourmind.Twoofyourstudentsaretrappedina“hesaid/shesaid”battle.Whenyoureflectonyouremotionalreactions,yousometimesgetcaughtupincyclesofnegativefeelings,whichcanmakeyoufeelevenworse.Ifso,theanswermaylieinaskillcalled“self-distancing”，theabilitytotakeastepbackandviewyourselfmoreobjectively.Accordingtoaresearch,whenpeopleadoptself-distancingwhilediscussingadifficultevent,theymakebettersenseoftheirreactions,experiencelessemotionalsuffering,anddisplayfewersignsofstress.Butwhatmightself-distancinglooklikeinaction?Consideratypical“hesaid/shesaid”studentconflictwheretheyareeachfocusingontheirownfeelings.Oneisthinking，“Ican’tbelievehedidthattome.”Andanotherinsists,“Shereallyhurtmyfeelings.”However,ifyouaskthemtotaketheself-distancing,theymightstepoutsideofthemselvesandaskbroaderquestions:“Whywashesohurtinthissituation?”or“Howdidherangeraffecthim?”Althoughthisapproachmaysoundtoosimpletobeeffective,studiesindicatethatachangeinpointofviewcanhaveapowerfuleffectonthewaypeoplethink,feel,andbehave.Hereareseveraldifferenttechniquesyoucantry.First，considerhowathoughtfulfriendmightrespondafterquietlyobservingtheirsituation.Besides,avoidusingthepronoun“I”.Focusonusingthird-personpronouns,he,she,they,andtheywereabletoseethestressfuleventaschallengingratherthanthreatening.Finally,askyourself,“HowwouldIfeelaboutthisoneweekfromnowortenyearsfromnow?”Thisformofmentaltimetravelmaybeeffectivebecauseourattentionisdirectedawayfromourimmediate,concretecircumstances.9.Whatisself-distancing?A.Gettingstuckinnegativeemotions. B.Astressfulsituation.CAstudyonrelievingemotionalstress. D.Reflectingonyourselfobjectively.10.Paragraph2isdevelopedby____.A.example B.definitionC.classification D.process11.Whichofthefollowingstatementusesthetechniquesofself-distancing?A.I’mangrywithhim.B.HowIwishIcouldgobacktothepast!C.Howdidthesetwopeoplegettothispoint?D.Hegrabbedmynotes,andthen,andthen...12.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhySelf-distancingMattersB.TheApplicationofSelf-distancingC.BreakingtheCycleofNegativeReflectionD.WaystoReflectonEmotionalReactionsDSomeofthemostattractivepicturestocomeoutoftheAlaskaearthquakearethephotosthatshowslope(斜坡）failures,inwhichpartsofformeriysolidhillscavedin，toreorletloose.Andiftherehappenedtobearoadorbuildingontopoftheslopesthatfailed，theresultwashorrible.Slopescanfailwithoutearthquakes,astheresultofpouringrainqrw：eathering.Buttheshakingcausedbyaquake—particularlyalargeonelikewhatoccurrednearAnchorageonFriday—caneitherspeeduptheprocessorcreateentirelynewfailuresthatwouldn'thaveotherwisehappened.Severalslopefailuresweredocumentedinthe；AnchorageareainthehoursaftertheearthquakeFriday,themostinterestingofwhichwasonVineRoadsouthwestofWasilla.It’3asifsomeone.camealongwithalargedestroyingballanddroppeditonVineRoad,whichwrinkledlikeabrokenegg.Scientistsseemedsurprisedathowmanyslopefailuresoccurredasaresultofthe7.0-magnitude(震级）quake.Thecenterofthequakewasdeep，at27milesbelowthesurface—akeyreasonwhythedamageinAnchoragewasrelativelylight.Suchanearthquakewouldbeexpectedtoproduceshakingoveralargearea,butprobablywithreasonablymodesttopgroundaccelerations,Friday/searthquakewouldcertainlybefelt,butthesurfaceofEarthwouldn'tbemovingbadlyenoughtoproducewidespreadlandslides. PhotosfromAlaskashowalotoflateral(横向的）spread,inwhichthegroundtearsopen.Whateverisontopofthegroundattheplaceittearsinhalfisalsotorninhalfafterwards,likehighwaysorbuildings.Thebuildingssurroundingthespreadarealsoatriskofdamagebecauseoftheforceofthegroundspreadingoutawayfromthetear.There’salsodocumentationofblockspread，inwhichpartofthegroundbreaksoffahillandslidesawaymostlyperfect.13.Whatdoweknowaboutslopefailures?A.Theymaycauseearthquakes.B.Theyusuallyhappenwitharoadontop.C.Theyalwayshappenwithearthquakes.D.Theymaypullpartsofthehillsapart14.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?A.Earthquakeshavegreateffectonslopefailures.B.Mostslopefailuresoccurafterthepouringrain.C.Earthquakesresultinslopefailuresimmediately.D.Slopefailuresoccurmainlywithlargeearthquakes.15.WhatdidthescientiststhinkoftheAlaskaearthquakeFriday?A.Itproducedshakingoveralargearea.B.Itcausedfewerslopefailuresthanexpected.C.Itwasn’tfeltforitsdeepcenter.D.Itdidn，tproducelandslides. 16.Inwhichcircumstancecanwefindthegroundslidesdownahillalmostunbroken?A.Landslides. B.Slopefailures.C.Lateralspread. D.Blockspread.2024年高考英语一轮复习阅读理解分类练习之推理推断答案A【答案】1.C2.D3.C4.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项探讨，该探讨显示，在热水中浸泡一小时，会和60分钟适度体力活动产生类似的血糖反应。浸泡热水能更好地限制血糖水平。【1题详解】词义揣测题。依据第三段中的"Itseemsthatactivitiesthatincreaseheatshockproteins(热体克蛋)mayhelptoimprovebloodsugarcontrolandofferanalternativetoexercise,"theleadstudyauthorSteveFaulknerwrote.可知，提升热体克蛋白水平的活动好像可以帮助改善血糖限制，并供应一种熬炼的替代方案。由此推知，thereisaplausibleexplanationforthis.意为“对此有一个合理的说明”。故选C。【2题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第四段其次句"Theparticipantswereeitherassignedtoanhour-longsessionofcyclingoranhour-longsessionina40℃bath和第五段第一句中的Thescientistsdiscoveredthatbothgroupswerebetterabletocontroltheirbloodsugarlevelsinthe24hoursfollowingtheactivities.可知，参与者在活动中分别被安排了一个小时的任务，任务结束后的24小时内，科学家们对他们的状况进行了跟踪监测。故选D。【3题详解】推理推断题。依据第七段中的"Forstarters,theexperimentonlymonitoredmen和onlyincluded14volunteers,whichwasanextremelysmallsamplesize."可知，这项探讨有很多不足之处，试验仅跟踪监测了男性的状况，未涉及女性，且试验样本量很小。由此可知，该探讨应增加女对象的探讨。故选C。【4题详解】推理推断题。依据文章最终一段中的Thatbeingsaid,thestudydoesoffersomemorepromisinginsights(见解)intothehealingeffectsofhotwater.可知，作者认为，尽管这项探讨有不足之处，但它的确为热水的治疗效果供应了一些更有前景的见解。故选C。B5．B．A7．D8．C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲解并描述作者作为工作人员参与马拉松竞赛，目睹一位脚有问题的女人坚持跑完马拉松的过程，并且这个最终一位跑步者始终激励作者以后生活的道路。5．推理推断题。依据倒数第三段Isatontheedgeofmyseatandwatchedwithrespectandamazementasshepushedforwardwithsheerdeterminationthroughthelastmiles.可知，我坐在座位边上，带着敬意和惊异看着她坚决地向前走了最终几英里。以及最终一段Idon’tknowthiswoman’sname,butthatdayshebecameapartofmylife—apartIoftendependon.Forher,itwasn’taboutbeatingtheotherrunnersorwinningaprize.Itwasaboutfinishingwhatshehadsetouttodo.WhenIthinkthingsaretoodifficultorIgetthose“I-just-can’t-do-it,”Ithinkofthelastrunner.ThenIrealizehoweasythetaskbeforemereallyis.可知我不知道这个女人的名字，但从那天起，她就成了我生活的一部分——我常常依靠的一部分。对她来说，这不是战胜其他赛跑者或赢得奖品的问题。这是关于完成她已经起先做的事情。当我认为事情太困难或者我得到那些“我只是不能做”的时候，我就会想到最终一个跑步者。然后我意识到我面前的任务是多么的简洁。由此可推知，作者认为，这个女人虽然一位脚有问题，但是意志坚毅地走完了最终几英里，且她的行为也让作者始终牢记，成立作者生活的一部分，说明作者觉得这个有残疾的女人是值得敬重的。故选B。6．词义揣测题。依据上文Herfeetwereturnedin,yetherleftkneewasturnedout.她的脚朝里，但左膝朝外。以及后文bentthatitseemedimpossibleforhertowalk,letalonerunamarathon.可知这个女人的腿弯曲，好像不行能走路，更不用说跑马拉松了。由此可知，这个女人腿有残疾，故划线单词意思为“残疾的”。A.Disabled.残疾的；B.Healthy.健康的；C.Perfect.完备的；D.Strong.强壮的。故选A。7．推理推断题。依据最终一段Idon’tknowthiswoman’sname,butthatdayshebecameapartofmylife—apartIoftendependon.Forher,itwasn’taboutbeatingtheotherrunnersorwinningaprize.Itwasaboutfinishingwhatshehadsetouttodo.WhenIthinkthingsaretoodifficultorIgetthose“I-just-can’t-do-it,”Ithinkofthelastrunner.ThenIrealizehoweasythetaskbeforemereallyis.可知我不知道这个女人的名字，但从那天起，她就成了我生活的一部分——我常常依靠的一部分。对她来说，这不是战胜其他赛跑者或赢得奖品的问题。这是关于完成她已经起先做的事情。当我认为事情太困难或者我得到那些“我只是不能做”的时候，我就会想到最终一个跑步者。然后我意识到我面前的任务是多么的简洁。由此可以推断作者从这个女人身上学到的，不是成功而是坚持究竟才是最重要的，故选D。8．主旨大意题。依据最终一段中WhenIthinkthingsaretoodifficultorIgetthose“I-just-can’t-do-it,”Ithinkofthelastrunner.ThenIrealizehoweasythetaskbefor