专题03 八年级期末语法易错点

专题03八年级期末语法易错点形容词/副词的比较等级大多数的形容词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更……”，用于两者之间的比较，用来说明“前者比后者更……”，比较级前面一般用much,even,alittle修饰，其中even,much只能修饰比较级。最高级表示“最……”，用于三者及三者以上之间的比较，用来说明“某人或某物在某个范围内最……”①形容词的比较级(-er)和最高级(-est)的构成规则变化之口诀：直接加；去e加；双写加；变y加;more/mostb.不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther,furtherfarther,furtheroldolder,elderoldest,eldest②比较级前的修饰语still,even,any,quite(abit),almost,nearly,just,rather；alittle,abit；much,alot,far,many；twice,tentimes,onefourth,twopounds,threeyears形容词的比较等级(2)—常见句型① A=BA+V+as+adj./adv.+as+B（与……一样）HeisastallasI/me.他和我一样高。Heisasgoodateacherashisfather.他和他的父亲一样是个好教师。② A≠BA+V+not+as/so+adj./adv.+as+B（与……不一样）Theydidn’tdoas/somuchworkasyoudid.他们干得事没有你多。I’veneverseenas/sooldacarasthis.我从来没有见过像这样旧的车。③ A>B或A<BA+V+比较级+than+B（比……更……）Tomistwoyearsolderthanhisbrother.汤姆比他的弟弟大两岁。Ourclassroomisbiggerthantheirs.我们的教室比他们的大。④ 表示倍数A+V+twice/fourtimes/…+as+adj./adv.+as+B（A是B的两倍/四倍/…）Thisroomistwiceaslargeasthatone.整个房间是那房间的两倍大。Theearthis49timesasbigasthemoon.地球是月球的49倍大。⑤ 表示程度的递增主语+V+比较级+and+比较级(…越来越…)主语+V+moreandmore++adj./adv.(…越来越…)Thedaysaregettingshorterandshorter.白天变得越来越长了。Ourcountryisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.我们的国家变得越来越美了。⑥ 表示两种情况同时变化The+比较级+主语+V+…，the+比较级+主语+V+…(…越…越…)Themorewegettogether,thehappierwe’llbe.=Ifwegettogethermore,we’llbehappier.我们聚得越多，我们就会越高兴。Theharderyoustudy,thebetteryou’llbeatEnglish.=Ifyoustudyharder,you’llbebetteratEnglish.你学习越努力，你的英语成绩越好。⑦ 主语+be+oneofthe+最高级+n.(pl.)+in/of…(…是最…之一)BeijingisoneoftheoldestcitiesinChina.北京是中国最古老的城市之一。⑧ 主语+V。+the+最高级+in/of…(…最…)Annstudieshardestofallthegirlsinourclass.安妮是我们班学习最用功的学生之一。⑨ 主语+V。+the+比较级+ofthetwo…(…<两者中>较…的)Lilyisthetallerofthetwins.莉莉是这两个双胞胎中较高的那个。⑩ 主语+V。+比较级+than+anyother+n.(单数)+in…(…比任何其他的更…)主语+V。+比较级+than+anyoftheother+n.(复数)+in…(…比任何其他的更…)Heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.他比他班级中其他的任何学生高。=Heistallerthananyoftheotherstudentsinhisclass.=Heisthetalleststudentsinhisclass.11.A+V+more/fewer+可数名词复数+thanB…(A比B做更多、更少……)A+V+more/less+不可数名词复数+thanB…(A比B做更多、更少……)JohnstudiesmoresubjectsthanNancy.John比Nancy学更多科目。StudentsintheUSAhavemoreweeksoffinthesummertimethanBritishstudents.在夏天美国学生比英国学生有更多周不上课。12.A+V+thesame（size/colour/age...）as+B（A与B一样）MyuniformisthesameasSimon’suniform.我的校服和Simon的校服一样.Millie’spencilboxisthesamesizeasAmy’spencilbox.我的铅笔盒和Amy的铅笔盒一样大。13.A+V+differentfrom+B（A与B不一样）Kitty’srubberisdifferentfromSimon’srubber.Kitty的橡皮和Simon的橡皮不一样。易错题：1.--Mum,couldyoubuymeadresslikethis?Certainly.Wecanbuy________onethanthis,but________this.A.abetter;betterthan B.aworse;asgoodasC.acheaper;asgoodas D.amoreimportant;notasgoodas2.Heisoneof_______inChina.A.thegreatscientistB.thegreatscientistsC.thegreatestscientistsD.thegreatestscientist3.Thereislessairpollutioninthenaturereservethan________ofthecountry.A.otherpart B.inotherpart C.inanyotherpartD.theotherpart4.Guangzhouisbiggerthan______inHunan.A.anyothercity B.anyothercities C.anycity D.othercities5.Inordertokeephealthy,youshouldeat______fastfood,______freshvegetablesA.fewer;fewer B.less;more C.fewer;more D.less;less6.Boboftensaysthatswimmingis____thanhikinginreducingweight,buthealwaysspendsmoretimeonswimming.A.lessuseful B.lessinteresting C.moreuseful D.moreinteresting7.Youaredoinggreat!I’veneverhad_______answerbefore.A.better B.best C.abetter D.thebest8.Lilydoesn’tdoherhomeworkas_____asSimon.Sheusuallymakesfewmistakes.A.careless B.careful C.ceaselessly D.carefully【答案】CCCCBACC反身代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimself/herself/itselfthemselves（1）作动词或介词的宾语：经常在enjoy,teach,hurt,buy,introduce,seat,dress,express,amuse,behave等动词和by,for,to,of等介词后作宾语。通常表示反身代词与句中的主语是同一人。它在句中作宾语，不能省略，否则该句是一个意义不完整的错句。如：HeisteachingherselfEnglish.她在自学英语。Shewastalkingtoherself.她自言自语。Helivesbyhimselfinthecountry.他独自住在乡下。（2）作主语或宾语的同位语：主要起加强语气的作用，译作“亲自，本身，本人”。如：Didyoumakethecakeyourself?这蛋糕是你亲自做的吗?(yourself作主语you的同位语)Theworkitselfiseasy.这工作本身很容易。(itself作主语thework的同位语)DidyouseeMr.Wanghimself?你见过王先生本人吗？(himself作宾语Mr.Wang的同位语)（3）作表语：在be,feel,look,seem等系动词后作表语，表示身体或精神状态处于正常。如：I’mnotmyselftoday.今天我感觉不舒服。Iamfeelingmyselfagain.我觉得健康如昔。易错题：1.Pleasehelp__________(you)tosomefood,boys!2.Sheisn’tquite_____________todayandherparentstookhertothehospital.(she)3.Tomdoesn’tlikethefilm_______,buthisparentslike_______.A.himself;itB.itself;themselvesC.itself;itD.himself;themselves4.Themotherneverleaveshertwinson________(they)own.【答案】yourselves,herself,A,their祈使句一、祈使句：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句.祈使句的作用是要求、请求或命令、劝告、建议别人做或不做一件事。祈使句的句末一般用感叹号，但是有些祈使句的语气较弱，可以用句号结尾祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，例：Goandwashyourhands.例如：保持肃静！Bekindtooursister.Watchyoursteps.表示禁止的句式有：不准、不要、别、Noparking.二、表现形式●肯定结构:1.Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:Pleasehaveaseathere.有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:Thisway,please.=Gothisway,please.。2.Be型(即:Be+表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Beagoodboy!要做一个好孩子!3.Let型(即:Let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分)。如:Letmehelpyou.让我来帮你。●否定结构:1.Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don\'t构成，如:Don\'tforgetme!Don\'tbelateforschool!2.Let型的否定式有两种:“Don\'t+let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分”和“Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其它成分”。如:Don\'tlethimgo./Lethimnotgo.别让他走。3.有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:Nosmoking!Nofishing!禁止钓鱼!用"let"的祈使句时，必须注意下列几点：1、"let"的否定句有二。如果宾语是第三人称用"Don'tlet"；如果宾语是第一人称，则用"Letnot"：Don'tletthistypeofthingshappenagain.It'srainingnow.Let'snotgooutuntilaftertherain.2、"Let"只适用于现在时态，可以有被动语态(thepassivevoice)，如：Lettherecalcitrantcriminalsbesenttoprison.Letallthededicatedcapablestaffbepromoted.3、"Let"后头除了是不带"to"的不定式动词(Theinfinitivewithout"to")之外，还可以是某些适当的副词，如out,in,down,alone等：Letthepuppyout.Openthewindowsandletthefreshairin.Theroomistoosunny.Lettheblindsdown.Letmealone,please.用"Let\'s"时，把谈话者的对象包括在内；用"Letus"时，并不包括对方，如：Let'stryit,shallwe?Letusdoitbyourselves,willyou?三．祈使句与并列连词and与or连用时可以表示条件。Workharder,andyouwillcatchupwithyourclassmates.易错题：1.______(notplay)footballontheroad.It’sverydangerous.2.Studyhard,oryoucan’tpassthedrivingexam.(改为同义句)______you______studyhard,youcan’tpassthedrivingexam.3.Weshouldn'tplaywithscissors.（改为祈使句）______________________withscissors.4.SuzyadvisedAndrewnottoputuphershelflikethat.(改为祈使句)Andrew,uptheshelflikethat.【答案】Don’tplay;If,don’t;Don’tplay;don’tput情态动词：should,hadbetter的用法Should表达职责或义务，提出劝告及一般人们认为应该去做的事，常用来谈论现在和将来。YoushouldgoandseeMrWangsometime.hadbetter1.hadbetterdo…“最好”had常缩写为’d否定式hadbetternotdo一般疑问句把had放在主语的前面。1)

You’dbetterhurryupifyouwanttogethomebeforedark.2)We’dbetternotdisturbhim.3)Hadwebettergonow?我们最好现在走吗？

2.hadbetter适用于任何人称和数You’dbettergowithme.3.变为一般疑问句时，如果是肯定句，就把had提前，放在句首；如果是否定句，就把hadn’t提前即可。Hadyoubettergothereatonce?4.含有hadbetter的反义疑问句的简短问句部分中要用had或hadn’t.如：Youhadbettergivehimthemagazine,hadn’tyou?may

的用法

一、表示许可或征求对方的许可，有“可以”的意思。例如：

You

may

go

now.

你可以走了。

May

I

use

your

computer?

我用一下你的电脑可以吗？

二、回答以

may

开头的疑问句有如下表达法：

-May

I

smoke

here?

我可以在这儿抽烟吗？

-Yes,

you

may.

/

Yes,

please.

请抽吧。

-No,

you

can't.

/

No,

you

mustn't.

/

No,

you'd

better

not.

请不要抽烟。

三、表示猜测，通常只用于陈述句。例如：

You

may

be

right.

你可能是对的。四、在口语中can可以代替may表示许可，但can较随便，may更正式。例：CanIuseyourbike,John?约翰，我可以用一下你的自行车吗？MayIhavealookatyourlicenseplease,sir?先生，我可以看一下你的执照吗？can

的用法

一、表能力，有“能，会，能够”的意思。例如：

-Can

you

drive

a

car?

你会开车吗？

-Yes,

I

can.

我会。/

No,

I

can't.

我不会。

二、表允许，在口语中代替may，有“可以”的意思。

（见下面

may

的用法第四点）

三、表示可能性，常用于否定句和疑问句。例如：

Can

it

be

true?

那会是真的吗？

Today

is

Sunday.

He

can't

be

at

school.

今天是星期天，他不可能在学校里。易错题：Look!Thegirlwithlonghairisdrawingapicture.IssheSandy?It________beher.I’mnotsure.mustn’t B.must C.can’t D.mayIsTomcomingbycar?I’mnotsure.Hetakeabus.A.maybe B.may C.maybe D.maynot3.Simon,whatdoIneedtotakeforthetrip?You’dbetter_________morewater.It’shottoday.totakeB.take C.takingD.took【答案】ABB动词不定式①主语+vt.(及物动词)+to-v(动词不定式)want,decide,wish,hope,choose,refuse,wouldlike,expect,…Hedecidedtogotherehimself.他决定亲自去那儿。②主语+vt.(及物动词)+to-v(动词不定式)stop,goon,remember,forget,start,begin,…Pleaseremembertobringthebooktoschoolnexttime.请记住下次把书带到学校来。③主语+vt.(及物动词)+it+adj.(形容词)+to-v(动词不定式)find,think,make,feel,…TheInternetmakesiteasytogetmuchnewinformationinashorttime.④主语+vt.(及物动词)+sb./sth.+(not)+to-v(动词不定式)get,allow,encourage,beg,waitfor,warn,ask,want,wouldlike,tell,wish,expect,invite,…It’sraininghardnow.Let’swaitfortheraintostop.雨下得很大，让我们等雨停下来。⑤主语+vt.(及物动词)+sb./sth.+(not)+v(动词原形)feel,listento,hear,let,make,have,see,watch,lookat,notice,…Theworkerswasmadetoworktwelvehoursaday.工人们被迫每天工作十二小时。⑥主语+vt.(及物动词)+sb./sth.+疑问词+to-v(动词不定式)teach,show,know,…Idon’tknowwhethertogothere.我不知道是否去那儿。易错题：1.________(find)hiswayout,hetriedtomovethroughthedark.2.Canyouseeamoviewithmethisevening?Sorry,mymotherasksme__________outafter8:00p.m.togo B.going C.nottogo D.notgoing3.Don’tforget_____yourhomeworkbeforegoingouttoplaybasketball,John.OK,Dad.finishing B.finish C.tofinish D.tofinishing4.Hetriedmanytimes.Atlast,hefailedthedoor.A.open B.toopen C.opening D.opened5.Weshouldworkhardfinishthejobontime.A.before B.so C.because D.inorderto6.Someteenagersdon'tknowwho________theirownproblems.A.totalkabout B.totalktoaboutC.willtalktoabout D.willtotalk.7.Isawhimintotheclassroomandthencomeoutwithabag.A.go B.togo C.going D.went8.Theoldmantoldthetourists_____thebirdsinthezooanymore.A.don’tfeed B.didn’tfeed C.notfeed D.nottofeed9.___________moreabouttomorrow’sweather,call121.OK,Iwill.Thankyou.A.Know B.Knowing C.Toknow D.Knew【答案】Tofind;C;C;B;D;B;A;D;C英语的简单句有五种基本句型：例1.Herunsfastinthestreet.（S十V主谓结构）例2.Yourwatchlooksverynice.（S十V十P主系表结构）例3.Sheoftenhelpshim.（S十V十O主谓宾结构）例4.Sheoftenhelpshim.（S十V十IO十DO主谓双宾结构）例5.Pleasegivemeafewapples.（S十V十DO十OC主谓宾补结构）判断下列句子结构。1.Theflowersmellsgood.2.Mygoodfriendtoldmeastory.3.Tomlentmeapencil.4.LiLinoticedtwodogsfight.5.Heisworkingnow.6.Shewantedsomehelp.7.DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.8.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.9.Shelikesmilk.10.Amylikesplayingcomputergames.【答案】S+V+P2.S十V十IO十DO3.S十V十IO十DO4.S十V十DO十OC5.S+V6.S+V+O7.S+V+O8.S+V+O9.S+V+O10.S+V+O易错题：1.“Thischildrenareplayinginthepark.”Themainstructureofthesentenceis__________.A.S+V B.S+V+DO+OC C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+P2.Thesentence“Myfatherboughtmeapresent.”belongstothefollowingstructure:A.S+V B.S+V+P C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO+OC3.Badweathermaycausenaturaldisasters.Itsstructureis____.A.S+V+P B.S+V+DO+OC C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO4.Inthesentence“Everymorning,Ihearthebirdssinginthepark”,theunderlinedpartis_____.A.P B.OC C.IO D.DO【答案】ACDC过去进行时while,when,as掌握while和when在过去进行时中的用法：表示两个持续性的动作在过去同时发生用while，when后接一个短暂性的动作。持续性的动作用过去进行时，短暂性的动作用一般过去时。e.g.：IwasdoingmyhomeworkwhilemyfatherwaswatchingTV..Thebellrangwhilehewasreadingbooks.Whenthebellrang,hewasreadingbooks.(以上这两句主从句前后可以互换)

1、“主短从长”型：即主句是一个短暂性动作，而从句是一个持续性动作，此时三者都可用。如：

Jim

hurt

his

arm

while［when，

as］

he

was

playing

tennis.

吉姆打网球时把手臂扭伤了。

As［When，

While］

she

was

waiting

for

the

train，

she

became

very

impatient.

她在等火车时，变得很不耐烦。

2、“主长从长”型：即主句和从句为两个同时进行的动作或存在的状态，且强调主句动作或状态延续到从句所指的整个时间，此时通常要用while。

I

always

listen

to

the

radio

while

I’m

driving.

我总是一边开车一边听收音机。

He

didn’t

ask

me

in;

he

kept

me

standing

at

the

door

while

he

read

the

message.

他没有让我进去，他只顾看那张条子，让我站在门口等着。

但是，若主句和从句所表示的两个同时进行的动作含有“一边……一边”之意时，则习惯上要用as。如：

He

swung

his

arms

as

he

walked.

他走路时摆动着手臂。

3、“主长从短”型：即主句是一个持续性动作，而从句是一个短暂性动作，此时可以用as或when，但不能用while。如：

It

was

raining

hard

when

[as]

we

arrived.

我们到达时正下着大雨。

When

[As]

he

came

in,

I

was

listening

to

the

radio.

他进来时，我在听收音机易错题：1.Lucy,doyouunderstandthequestionnow?Sorry,couldyouexplainitagain?I____aboutsomethingelse.A.think B.amthinking C.wasthinking D.thought2.IsawKittyinNanjingHongshanZoolastSaturdayafternoon.What?Butshe_____playingthepianowithmeinthemusichallatthattime.A.practises B.practised C.ispractising D.waspractising3.Weplayvolleyballwithourfriendsatweekends.（用atthistimeyesterday替换atweekends）We______________________volleyballwithourfriendsatthistimeyesterday.4.Iwaswaitingforthebuswhenthetrafficaccidenthappened.（对划线部分提问）______________________youdoingwhenthetrafficaccidenthappened?5.Motherpandamilkedthebabypandayesterday.(用at6a.m.yesterday替换yesterday)Motherpanda______________________thebabypandaat6a.m.yesterday.【答案】C;D;wereplaying;Whatwere;wasmliking【易错题整理】一、单项选择1._______honestboy!Andheis_______beststudentofall.A.Whata；the B.Whatan;/ C.Howan;the D.Whatan;the2.HespeaksFrenchwell,butofcoursenot_______apersonborninFrance.asclearas B.clearerthan C.asclearlyas D.themoreclearly3.--TheairpollutionhasbecomeaseriousprobleminChina.--Iagree.Ifthereare________peopledriving,therewillbe________pollution(污染）.fewer;fewer B.less；less C.less;fewer D.fewer；less4.--.Doyouknowwhyheleftsoearly?--__________readyforthemid-termexam,Iguess.Get B.Got C.Toget D.Getting5.Iwillputsomephotosonmyhomepage_________everyone________.so；tolook B.for；tolookat C.for;tolook D.so;lookatit6.IknowmyplanisfarfromwhatIexpect,butIjustcan’tthinkof________one.abetter B.thebetter C.abest D.thebest7.Shanghaiisbiggerthan____________inJiangsuandbiggerthan__________inChina.anycity；anycity B.anycity:anyothercityC.anyothercity；theothercities D.anyothercity；anycity8.ThesedaysnotonlyTommybutalsohisfather__________crazyaboutGloryofKings.Idon’tthinkhisfatherisagoodexample.is B.are C.am D.was9.—DoyouenjoyHanHong’ssongs?—Yes.SheisthewinnerofIAMASINGER3.Ican’tthinkofanyonewitha_____voice.A.moreB.mostC.better D.best 10.Thesentencestructureof“Ourteachersalwaysmaketheirclassesinterestingandlively.”is_______.A.S+V+DOB.S+V+IO+DOC.S+V+DO+OCD.S+V+P11.—Icalledyouatfouro'clockyesterdayafternoon,buttherewasnoanswer.—Didyou?I____footballintheschool.A.played B.wasplaying C.amplaying D.willplay12.—IthinkreadingismoreimportantthanspeakinginourEnglishstudy.—Idon’tagree.Speakingis_______reading.A.notasimportantasB.soimportantasC.notimportantthanD.asimportantas13.—Doyouknowwhenyourparents?—Idon’tknow.Butifthey,Iwilltellyou.A.willcome,comeB.willcome,willcomeC.come,willcomeD.come,come14.—Becareful.Theiceisnotthickenough_____.—Thanks.I______.A.toskateon,willB.toskateonit,willC.toskate,won’tD.toskateonit,won’t.【答案】1-5DCDCB6-10ABACC11-14BDAA二、动词填空1.We’dbetter_________(notstay)outsidenow.It’sdangerous.2.Don’ttalkloudly.Thestudents_________(take)anexam.3.Wehopeyou_________(have)agreatdayinHangzhou.4.LastweekendJoespentalotoftime____________(lie)onthesofa.5.ShelistenstoEnglishprogramseveryday_____________(learn)Englishbetter.6.Itrainedveryheavilyyesterday,somyfather___________(drive)metoschool.7.Wouldyouplease__________(notmake)somuchnoise?Thebabyissleeping.8.Lindawithherfamily__________(plan)whattodoforChristmasatthe