第08讲-必修一Unit2-词汇和阅读-(外研版2019必修第一册)(原卷版)

第08讲Unit2ExploringEnglish（词汇与阅读）【学习目标】提前预习新外研版必修一Unit2的重点词汇和阅读掌握中高考阅读理解区别和题型解题技巧掌握常见三种构词法【基础知识】一．重点词汇学习1.seasickadj.2.sculptvt.3.titlen.4.behaviorn.5.confusev.6.alarmn.7.uniqueadj.8.creativityn.9.windup10.comeacross11.belikelytodo12.entrancen.13.contactv.14.remindv.15.additionn.16.resourcen.17.commentn.18.bootn.19.说话困难20.intendv.21.beawareof22.sectionn.23.organizationn.24.typen.25.contextn.26.recognizevt.27.oddadj..28.bebasedon29.recognizev.30.wickedadj.31.beopposedto32.burndown33.ratherthan34.beunfamiliarwith35.beconfusedabout36.actually=重点词汇答案：见教材词汇表重点词汇解析考点一：Opposite(prep):在...对面(adv):在对面(adj):对面的，相反的；(n):对立面，对立的人/物Opposing(定语adj)opposed（表语adj）Oppose(v):反对，抵制Opposition反对，反抗opposedoing/sth:=beopposedtosthAsopposedtosth:与某事物相反，而非某事物Justtheopposite.:正好相反例1．【单句填空】1.Wethinkhighlyoftheteamwesupport,whilewemayaddnegativecommentsaboutanteam.2.(乐山市调研)Finally，thepairovercametheirparents’________andwereallowedtomarry.3.(江苏无锡期中)Noteverybodyagreetotheplan.Somesupportit,whileIamoneofthosewhoaretoit.4.Thetwinshaveattitudestowardslife.Thus,oneislivinghappilyandtheotherisjustthe.5.结果令人非常不满意，和我们所期望的恰恰相反。Theresultwasratherunsatisfactory,whatwehadexpected.当时，大多数村民反对在村庄附近建一个化工厂。Atthattime,mostvillagersachemicalplantneartheirvillage.我们都希望老师多给我们点时间，但事实正好相反。Wehadallexpectedourteacherwouldgiveusmoretime,butthefactwas.考点二：Behaviour(un):行为，举止；表现方式behave(v):表现，表现得体，有礼貌Well-behaved表现好的behavewell/badlybehaveoneself:守规矩，行为检点例2．【单句填空】(广东期末)MycousinJimdidn’tbehave(he)atthepartyandthusleftabadimpressionontheguests.Theboy(behave)wellatthebanquet(宴会)andeveryonepraisedhisproper.(behave)Asateacher,youshouldn’tlookdownuponthosestudentswhobehave(bad)inschool.Whatyoushoulddoishelpandlovethem.汤姆因在课堂上的恶劣行为被惩罚了。考点三：Confusing(adj):令人困惑的，难以理解的，不清楚的Confuse(v):使迷惑，使糊涂；混淆Confusion困惑confuseAwith/andBconfusesbBeconfusedabout...Inconfusion:困惑地，困窘地辨析Bewilder(v):使困惑，使茫然，通常表现为心理和智力紊乱Puzzle(v):使迷惑，强调不理解或解决不了(n):puzzlementConfuse(v):一般用语；强调因混淆使人产生混乱Embarrass(v):使困窘，尴尬Perplex(v):使杂乱，疑虑，使不安eg.Thenewtaxlawsperplexme.例3．【单句填空】Wecanconcludefromhislookthatthisproblemreallyhim.(confuse)Becarefulnottoconfuse”abroad”“aboard”.Thetwowordsareverysimilar.Helookedatmein(confuse)anddidnotanswerthequestion.Whenyouareconfusedsomewordsinreading,youcanreferthedictionary.考点四：Alarm(un):惊恐，惊慌(cn):警报器，警报。闹钟=alarmclock（v）：使担心，使害怕，使惊恐Alarming(adj):使人惊恐的，令人惊谎的,令人担忧的Alarmed害怕的Be/feelalarmedat/bysth:Bealarmedtosee/hear......Inalarm:惊慌地Raise/soundthealarm:发出警报Afire/smokealarm:防火/烟雾警报器Analarmsystem:报警系统例4．【单句填空】Therainforestsaredisappearingatan(alarm)rate,whichshouldarouse(引起)thegovernment’sattention.Hearingaloudnoiseoutsidehisdoor,hejumpedupalarm.People(因...感到担心)aseriesofcampusfiresinrecentyears.Ineachoftheseaccidents,manydeathswerereported.Besureto(发起警报)whenyouseeabuildinginonfire.Heturnedoffthealarmclockandwentbacktosleepagain.(翻译)考点五：reflectReflectsb./sthinsth:在...里映出.....Bereflectedin....：被映照在...,被反映在....Reflecton/upon....：认真思考......Inreflection:例5．【单句填空】Ourschoolmotto(reflect)theimportanceweplaceongoodmannershardwordandsuccess.Thelakeiscalmandclear,andoneofthethingsthatarereflectedthewateristhefamoustower.Ithinkyoushouldstopforamomentandreflectyoursuccessandfailure.（河南信阳模考）Whatonecultureconsidersaconfusingorawkwardpausemaybeseenbyothersasavaluablemomentof(reflect)andasignofrespectforwhatthelastspeakerhassaid.考点六：Add...to...:把...加到...里(addedto...:后置定语)Addto:增加，增添=increase(宾语常为抽象名词）--decreaseAddsthup=addupsth:把...添加起来Addupto:总共是，总计为=cometoAddthat...增加说到，，，Add(v)-(n)addition:加，增加；附属--(adj):additional:额外的inaddition=besidesInadditionto......例6．【单句填空】By2020,ChinesewillbeaddedthelistoflanguagesinIreland’snationalexams.Ifyouaddthosefourfigures,itcomestoover$500.Applyingtofourcompaniesforaposteverymonth,asfarasIknow,hasaddedthechancesofmybrother’sbeingemployed.Heexplainedthetaskwefacedand（补充说）thatallthemoneywecollectedsofaronly（总共是）halfofwhatweneededandthecomingcoldweatherwoulddefinitely（肯定）（增加）ourdifficulty.考点七：Beincontact/touchwith...:与...有联系Beoutofcontact/touchwith...Keepincontact/touchwith...Losecontact/touchwithHave/makecontactwith...:与...取得联系例7．【单句填空】Contact1.Weourformerneighboursaftertheymoved.(失去了联系)2.Ifeelstronglythatreadingdoesuslotsofgood.Itcan(broad)ourhorizonsandmakeusmoreintelligent.3.Somenarrowstreetshavebeen(broaden)sofar,sotherearefewertrafficjams.考点八：remind----reminderRemindsbofsth:使某人想起某事Remindsbaboutsth:提醒某人某事Remindsb(not)todosthRemindsbthat....:提醒某人......例8．【单句填空】Heremindedme(turn)offthelightswhenIgoout.ItremindsmemydayswhenIjoinedinthemilitarytrainingafterIenteredtheseniorhighschool.Thecoldservedasa(remind)thatwinterwasn’tquitefinished.老师经常提醒我在考试中要保持冷静。考点九：Makecomments/acommenton/about...:对...发表评论Commenton/upon...:对...进行评论Commentthat...:评论说...Nocomment:无可奉告例9．【单句填空】（山西晋中期末）WhenI’mtiredofwordingonthestories,IcangoonlineandfindmyreaderscommentingmystoriesortellingmewhenImakemistakes.（北京朝阳期末）Wethinkhighlyoftheteamwesupport,whilewemayaddnegativecommentsanopposingteam.他评论说这部电影值得一看。文学界的所有人都对他的新诗做了评论。(literarycircles)考点11：Intendtodosth/doingsthIntendsbtodosthBeintendedfor...=bemeantfor...:专门为...而设计的/专供...使用的例11．【单句填空】YesterdayIfoundabookinthebookstorechancewhichwasintendedbirdlovers.ThisisthewebsitewhichIintend(add)tomyfavouritestohelpmelearnhowtowritepoems.Mostdriverstodayusegesturestoshowtheir(intend).Theywaveacardown,ornodatpassers-byandcycliststoletthemcross.考点12：Comeacross:偶然发现，偶遇；给人的印象是；被理解Comeabout:发生，产生Comeupwith:提出Comeon:快点；来吧；开始；进步；得了吧Comeout:出来；被出版；开花Cometo:被想到，合计，得出，作出，达成（协议）Comeup:走近；上来；出现，呈现；被提到，被提出；发芽；Whenitcomesto...:一谈到........;就...而论例12．【单句填空】Hehisoldfriendonthestreetyesterday.（偶遇）Whatinhislaterpoetryisagreatsenseofsadness.（给人的印象是...）Hekepttalkingforalongtimebuthisideadidnotreallyintheend.(被理解）Mostofusknowweshouldcutdownonfat.Butknowingsuchthingsisn’tofmuchhelpshoppingandeating.（一谈到）【真题演练】Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Theseworkersstruggledbetterworkingconditions.2．Igotupandwalked(calm)outintotheearlyevening.3．Theaccident(concern)withthebusdriver.4．Hehadtocontinuetolearnsomethingtoequiphimselfthestressoflosingajob.5．Thelawyerwassokindthathearguedthepoorman.6．Heis(anxious)waitingfortheresultofthemedicaltests.7．Theincidenthasfurtherincreasedthe(tense)betweenthetwocountries.8．Forsuchayoungman，itisreallyavery(stress)job.9．Thepresident(shoot)intheheadanddiedonthespot.10．Theprogrammeistargetedat(improve)thehealthofwomenofallages.Ⅱ.短语填空seeeyetoeyewithsb.(onsth.)；shootup；keepthepeace；calmdown；fromone'spointofview；thinksth.through；backdown；ontheotherhand1．Atlastthewildwind．2．IwishIcouldbringyoutoseethesituation．3．Youmustalwaysaproblembeforeacting.4．Facedwithourevidence，theothersidehadto．5．Ontheonehand，thisjobdoesn'tpayverymuch，butIcan'tgetanotherone.6．Weeachotherthis.7．Thatboysincewelastsawhim.8．Thepeace­keepingtroopstrytoofthatplace.hasshotup8.keepthepeaceof【过关检测】ABookscan'tstopaglobalpandemic.But，forashortwhile，theycanletusforgettheworldaroundusandtransportustodifferentplaces，allowingustotravelinspirit.Herearesomepicksforthismonth：RohintonMistry：AFineBalanceMistry'snovelfocusesonthelivesoffourcentralcharacterswhoselivesareonadownwardspiral，frompovertytooutrightdestitutionand，ultimately，death.MistrydoesnotwhitewashtherealityofurbanpovertyinIndia.Butasreaders，webecomeabsorbedinhischaractersliveswehopewiththem，wefearforthemand，attheend，wecryforthem.ElenaFerrante：MyBrilliantFriendElenaFerrante'snovelstakeusstraighttotheItaliancityofNapoliStartingwithMyBrilliantFriend，thefournovelscharttheintensiverelationshipbetweentwogirl，ElenaGreco(Lenù)andRaffaellaCerullo(Lila)whogrowupinapoorneighborhoodinthe1950s.ReadingFerrante'sdescriptioncallsforthimagesofNapoliandmakesusfeellikewearestandinginthePiazzadelPlebiscito.Wecanfeel，hearandsmellNapoliaroundus.PatrickModiano：TheSearchWarrantTheSearchWarrantpiecestogetherthereal­lifestoryofDoraBruder，ayoungJewishgirlwhowentmissinginParisinDecember1941.ModianoattemptstoretraceDora'smovementsacrossParisandhisbookisfullofevocativedescriptionsofquietsquaresandstreets.BytracingDora'spossiblesteps，ModianoevocativelyrecreatesthetwilightatmosphereofParisunderoccupation.KazuoIshiguro：TheRemainsoftheDayTheRemainsoftheDaytellsthestoryofStevens，theagedbutlerofDarlingtonHall，andhisilljudgedlifechoicesthatsawhimbeinginvolvedwithBritishfascismintheinterwaryears.ThisallusiontoBritishfascisminparticularissomethingthatmakesthisnovelstandout；itisasubjectmatternotoftendiscussedoreventaught.1．WhichbookissetinIndia?A．AFineBalance.B．MyBrilliantFriend.C．TheSearchWarrant.D．TheRemainsoftheDay.2．WhatdoMyBrilliantFriendandTheSearchWarranthaveincommon?A．Bothnovelstellreallifestories.B．BothnovelstakeplaceinItaly.C．Botharerelatedtointerpersonalrelationship.D．Bothgiveavividdescriptionofthesurroundings.3．WhatisspecialaboutTheRemainsoftheDay?A．Itsmovingstory.B．Itsmiserablecharacter.C．Itsrarelymentionedsubject.D．Itsskillfultechniquesofdescription.BForthebraveinthearmedforces，beingsentawayfromhomeformonthsatatimeisjustpartoftheduty.However，it'sneveraneasyonetoperformespeciallyforthosewithchildren.SowhenIfoundoutIwasgoingtobestationedinSouthKoreaforayear，Iwasnervousabouthowmyfivechildren，particularlymyeldestdaughterAbigail，wouldtakethenewssinceitmeantIwouldn'tbehometoseehergraduatefromhighschool.Incredibly，AbigailtoldmenottoworryandevensuggestedwelivestreamtheeventamongfamilymemberswhenIleakedthenews.“We'vebeenluckyyouhaven'thadtobesentabroadyet.AnywaywecangetconnectedthroughtheInternet.Seemeonyourphoneonmyspot，”Abigailsaid.ShesteppedintomanyofmyroleswhenIwasgone.IwantedtofindawaytothankherandshowherhowproudIwasofher.IstartedplanningthespecialsurprisewhenmyrequesttoreturnhomeafewweeksearlytoattendAbigail'sgraduationceremonywasapproved.WhenmytimeinSouthKoreafinallycametoanend，Iflewhome，rentedacar，andstayedinahotel.AndonAbigail'sgraduationday，IhidinanofficebehindthestagewaitinguntilIheardmydaughter'snamecalled.Ijustkeptthinking“Don'tcry.Don'ttripinyourheels.Don'tfallover.”Atlast！Abigailwasuponstage.Islippedupbehindher，whisperedinherear，andaroundsheturned！“Iwasjustthinking，like，‘Youaren'tsupposedtobehere.What？What？How？’Itwasthebiggestshock...I'mprettysuremydadmadepeoplehedidn'tevenknowcry.Emotionalforeveryone，”Abigailcried.Youknowwhatfollowed：embraces，kisses，tears，laughs，flowers，wishes...；aren'tthesewhatafamilyhasinstore?4．Whatworriedtheauthormost?A．HisdutyinSouthKorea.B．Hisfivechildren'ssafety.C．Hiseldestdaughter'sstudy.D．Hisabsencefromabigevent.5．Whatistheprobablemeaningoftheunderlinedphrase“livestream”？A．Plan. B．Celebrate.C．Prepare. D．Broadcast.6．HowdidAbigailfeelwhenmeetingherfather?A．Embarrassed. B．Overjoyed.C．Nervous. D．Satisfied.7．Whatdoestheauthormainlyintendtoexpressbytellingthestory?A．Asoldier'spersonalsacrifice.B．Afather'sloveforhisfamily.C．Themeaningoffamilybond.D．Thewaytoplanabigsurprise.COnFebruary6，2020，AmericanastronautChristinaKocharrivedbackonEarthafter328daysinspace.Hertimeinspaceisjustoneoftherecordssetbyherself.That'sthelongestspaceflightevermadebyawoman，andjustoneofthemanythingsMs.Kochachievedinspace.Ms.KochtookofffromEarthfortheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)onMarch12，2019.Whileinspace，shemade5，248tripsaroundtheEarth，travelling2，237millionkilometres，whichisroughlythesameas291tripstotheMoonandback.Duringher11monthsontheISS，Ms.Kochtookpartinsixspacewalks，spendingover42hoursinalloutsidethestation.InOctoberof2019，Ms.Kochledthefirsteverall­femalespacewalkwithJessicaMeir.Butformostastronauts，spacetravelisn'taboutsettingrecords.It'saboutdoingscience.Ms.Kochtookpartinawidevarietyofspecialexperiments，includingstudyinghowcrystals(晶体)growinspace，howatoms(原子)behaveinextremecoldandlearningmoreaboutgrowingplantsinlowgravity.Growingplantsinspacecouldbeanimportantwaytoprovidefoodonfuturetrips.Shealsotestedanewwayofseparatingliquidsfromgases.Thisexperimentcouldleadtosimplemethodsofcleaningwaterandairinspace，whichcouldbeveryimportantforfuturespacetravel.Ms.Kochisn'tjustascientistandanastronaut.Sheisalsobeingstudied.She'spartofaNASAprogramstudyinghowastronautsareaffectedbybeinginspaceforlongperiodsoftime.Hertripwasonly12daysshorterthantheAmericanrecordsetbyScottKellyin2016.AstheydidwithMr.Kelly，NASAscientistsarelookingcarefullyatwaysMs.Koch'sbodyhasbeenaffectedbyhertimeinspace.ThatresearchisimportantforthelongerspacetripsNASAhopestomakeinthefuture，suchasforabaseonthemoonoratriptoMars.8．WhichofthefollowingisanachievementMs.Kochhasmade?A．Makingthelongestspaceflightbyherself.B．Leadingthefirstwomen­onlyspacewalk.C．Cleaningwaterandairsuccessfullyinspace.D．StayingoutsidetheISScontinuouslyfor42hours.9．WhatdoestheauthorwanttotelluswithsomanydetailedfiguresinParagraph2?A．Kochmadehistoricbreakthroughsinspace.B．Kochwentthroughalife­threateningspacetrip.C．Kochcompletedadmirabletasksinthespacetravel.D．KochisthemostexperiencedastronautinNASA.10．Whichstatementagreeswiththetext?A．Astronautsarecompetingtosetnewrecords.B．Koch'steamproducedtheirownfoodinspace.C．NASAhasfoundedascientificbaseonthemoon.D．Koch'sresearchissignificantforspaceexploration.11．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Record­SettingAstronautKochReturnstoEarthB．USAstronautsCarriedoutExperimentsinSpaceC．SpacewalksHaveSuccessfullyBeenDoneontheISSD．NASAIsStudyingAstronautsforLongerSpaceTripsDItissaidthatmanybraintrainingproductsisabletokeepusmentallyfit.Someproductsevenclaimthatbraintrainingcanpreventdementia(痴呆)inoldage.Manysuchproductsareonlymoney­makingrubbish.Also，thereisnoscientificproofthatgamesorotherbrainexercisescanhavethiseffect.ThatiswhattheGermanInstituteforQualityandEfficiencyinHealthCare(IQWiG)pointedout.Aswegetolder，ourthinkinggetssloweranditisharderforustolearnnewthings.Manypeopletrytostaymentallyfitby，forexample，learninganewlanguageordoingcrosswordpuzzles.Computergamesthataimtokeepthebrainactivearealsobecomingincreasinglypopular.“Doingexercisesliketryingtofindsymbolsonacomputerscreenasfastaspossiblecanactuallyimproveyourreactiontime，”explainsProfessorPeterSawicki，theInstitute'sDirector.“Butscientificstudieshaveshownthatbraintrainingonlyleadstoanimprovementinoneaspectthatitisaimedat.Soifyoulearntofindsymbolsquickly，itdoesnotmeanthatyouwillbeabletoimproveyourmemory.”Researchhasnotshownthatbraintrainingcankeepuporenhance(加强)people'soverall(全面的)mentalabilitiesascommonlythought.“Sothereisnoneedtofeelbadifyoudonotenjoybraintraining：therearenohealthreasonsfordoingit，”saysSawicki.“Butifyouthinkbraintrainingexercisesareinteresting，youcantryoutdifferentthings.Forexample，completingtheorderofletterscanimproveyourlogicskills.Andpracticingwordassociationtechniquescanhelpyoutorememberthingsbetter.Youcandoallofthesethingsathomeonyourown.”12．Whatcanwelearnaboutthebraintrainingproductsaccordingtothepassage?A．Theyareexpensive.B．Theyareeffective.C．Theyareharmfultothebrain.D．Theyareunreliable.13．AccordingtoPeterSawicki，braintrainingexercisescan．A．onlyimproveacertainabilityofpeopleB．helpallpeopleimprovetheirmemoryC．keepthebrainactiveforalongertimeD．onlyimproveyourreactiontime14．Thelastparagraphshowsthatbraintrainingexercisesshouldbedone．A．whenyoucan'tlearnnewthingsB．inarelaxingwayC．understrictinstructionsD．whenyourthinkinggetsmuchslower15．Onthewhole，researchersthinkthatbraintrainingexercises．A．aren'taseffectiveascommonlythoughtB．arejustdesignedforyoungpeopletohavefunC．maybenefitpeopleinsomeindirectwaysD．shouldn'tbeencouragedⅡ.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoStayOutofTroubleSometimesitmayseemlikeyou'realwaysgettingintotroublewithyourteachersoryourparents.16Thebestthingtodoistostoptroublebeforeitstarts.It'salwayspossibletoturnoveranewleaf.17Joiningasportsteamisagreatwaytostayoutoftrouble.Whetheryou'replayingsoccerorbaseball，teamsportsareagreatwaytofindsomethingtodoratherthangetintotrouble.Joinaclub.Ifsportsaren'tyourthing，youcanalwaysjoinaclub.Youcanjoinanartclub，chessclub，Frenchclub，cookingclubandsoon.18Therefore，youwon'thavetimetoannoyyourteachersorparents.Govolunteering.19Ifyou'retooyoungtodoitonyourown，gowithaparenttoavolunteeringevent.Youcanhelppeoplelearntoread，cleanupalocalpark，orworkinasoupkitchen.Findsomethingthatismeaningfultoyouandcommittoitatleastonceaweek.Readasmuchasyoucan.Readingcanhelpyouimproveyourvocabularyandcomprehensionskills.20Gettingtrulyinterestedinstoriescanhelpyouforgetthehourspassingby.Readingforjust20minutesbeforebedtimeeverynightcanhelpyoudevelopanaddictinglifelonghabit.A．Joinasportsteam.B．Playsoccerorbaseball.C．Thenyoucanhaveagoodtimewithyourfriends.D．Volunteeringisanothergreatwaytostayoutoftrouble.E．Theseclubscanhelpyoufocusonsomethingyoucareabout.F．What'smore，ifyou'rereading，thenyou'renotgettingintotrouble.G．Andnomatterwhatyoudo，youjustcan'tseemtogetthingsright.Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。LesBrownisoneoftheworld'sgreatestspeakers.Heisalsoathoughtleaderonself­improvementand21.However，Lesfounditdifficulttolearnknowledgewhenhewasa22．Duringhisschooldays，hewasthoughtas“23tolearnwell”bytheteachersandplaced24from6thgradeto5thgrade.Tomakethingsworse，hehadatwinbrotherwhowasratherbrightand25，soLeswas26byhisclassmates.Onedayateacheraskedhimto27aproblemontheblackboard，butLes28andsaidthathecouldn't.“Ofcourseyoucan，”theteacherreplied29．“Youngman，comehereandsolvethisproblemforme.”“ButIcan't，”30