定语从句+导学案-2025届高三上学期英语一轮复习专项

定义从句一．定义定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。

主要由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句等相当于形容词的词、短语或句子来充当。汉语中常用“……的”表示，定语的位置一般有两种：用在所修饰词之前的叫前置定语，用在所修饰词之后的叫后置定语，定语和中心语之间是修饰和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系。定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。e.g.：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)ChongqingisacitywhichisquitepopularonTikTok.二、关系词的作用1.连接主从句2.指代先行词3.充当句子成分。三、关系副词引导定语从句1.关系副词在从句中分别表示时间.地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool. ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane. 2.that可引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原因That有时可以代替关系副词when,where或者why引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原因，在that引导的这种定语从句中，that也可以省去。四、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替。(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom;指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)5.whose既指人又指物，在定语从句中做定语。(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofisblue.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?五、As在定语从句中的用法1.引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句(1)as多与such或thesame连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。(2)as也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。例如：Theelephant'snoseislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.(3)thesame…that与thesame…as在意思上是不同的。2.As引导的非限制性定语从句的位置as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面.中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：(1)Asisexpected,theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.（2）—Theearthrunsaroundthesun,asisknownbyeveryone.六、that在定语从句中的用法引导定语从句的关系代词who，which有时可与that互换使用。但在下面情况，一般只用that.1.当先行词为不定代词anything，everything，nothing，any，little，one，few，much，all，none等时。Thereisn'tmuchthatIcando.b.Heisoneofthefewthatcanworkitoutinfiveminutes.2.当先行词是形容词级或被形容词级修饰时。a.ThebookisthebestthatIhaveread.b.Thisisthebiggestlaboratorythatwehaveeverbuiltinouruniversity.3.当先行词是序数词或其被序数词修饰时。a.ItisthethirdonethatI'vebought.b.ThisisthefirstplacethatI‘veevervisited.4.当先行词被thevery，theonly等词修饰时。a.Isthistheverymuseumthatyouvisitedtheotherday?b.ThisistheonlybookthatIneedatpresent.5.当先行词包含了人和事物两方面的含义时。Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.6.当先行词被same修饰，且指“同一物品”时。Sheiswearingthesamedressthatsheworeyesterday.7.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。a.Thisisnolongertheplacethatitusedtobe.b.Heisnotthemanthathewas.8.当主句是以who，which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时。a.Whichisthebookthatheboughtyesterday?b.Whothatyouhaveeverseencanbeathiminthegame?1.Thisisthebag_____mymotherboughtyesterday.A.that B.who C.whom D.this2.Theman_____livesnexttousismyEnglishteacher.A.whom B.which C.who D./3.Thegirl_____yousawinthestreetisMary.A.that B.whose C.which D.as4.Thegirlhandedeverything_____shehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.A.which B.inwhich C.that D.all5._____cleanstheblackboardshouldbepraised.A.That B.Who C.Theonewho D.Thestudentswho6.Pleaseshowmethebook_____youboughtyesterday.A.which B.whom C.whose D.this7.Thisisthebestbook_____Ihavebeenlookingforallthisyear.A.who B.whom C.which D./8.Thefactory_____Mr.Liusedtoworkwasclosedlastweek.A.when B.where C.that D.which9.Doyoustillremembertheday_____wefirstmet?A.that B.when C.what D.onthat10.Thefirsttime___IsawPremierZhouwasin1958.A.when B.where C.which D.that语篇填空(在下列空格中填入适当的关系词)Doyouknowtheman1.________wrotethisbook？HewasJason,oneoftheengineers2.________camefromRussiainthe1950s.Heworkedinthesamefactory3.________myfatheronceworked.WhenhecametoChina,thefirstthing4.________hedidwastovisitthefactory5.________didresearchontrolleybusesandfoundoutthereason6.________Chinawassobackwardinit.Thenhespen