河北省保定市保定名校协作体2024届高三下学期三模英语试题

河北省保定市保定名校协作体2024届高三下学期三模英语试题姓名：__________班级：__________考号：__________题号一二三四五六总分评分一、第一部分阅读，第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）（共两节，满分50分）阅读理解AptitudeTestsRecommendationsAptitudetestsarehelpfultojobseekersofallages.Whilecareerquizzesexploreyourvaluesandworkstyle,aptitudetestsprovideamoreobjectiveevaluationofyourskills,helpingyouselectacareeryou'remostlikelytosucceedin.Belowaresomeofthebestaptitudetestsoutthere.CliftonStrengthsTheCliftonStrengthsprogramwascreatedbasedonresearcharoundleadership.Theresearchinquestionpointedtocommonstrengthsamongsuccessfulleaders,likestrategicthinking,adaptabilityandcommunication.Tocompletethetest,youmustansweraround150questions,eachwithin20seconds.AllenCheung,atechblogger,notesthatCliftonStrengthsismorevaluablethanyouraveragecareertestbecauseitincludes"trickyquestionswhicharen'taseasilygamed".RedBullWingfinderDevelopedandtestedoutbypsychologyexperts,theRedBullWingfinderassessesyourthinkingunderpressure.Questionsincludeimagesorting,logicpuzzlesandleadership-relatedquestions.Onceyoucompletethetest,you'llreceiveaninereportandcareercoachingtailoredtoyourresults.SEIDevelopmentReportTheSEIDevelopmentReportisanextensiveEQaptitudetestthathastimedright-and-wronganswersthatassesseightfundamentals,includingemotionalliteracy,emotionalmanagementandempathy.Attheend,you'llreceivea20reportwithrecommendedcoursesonworkplaceEQdevelopment.CareerOneStopWhileitonlytakesafewminutestocomplete,theCareerOneStopSkillsAssessmentwillhelpyourankbothyourtechnicalandsoftskills.Thecareersuggestionsattheendcanbesortedbyrelevance,annualwages,andjoboutlook,coupledwithwithprofessionalcoachingorconsultationimproveyourskills.1．Whatdoaptitudetestsmainlyassessforjobseekers?A．Theirworkethics. B．Theircareerinterest.C．Theirpreferredworkstyle. D．Theirprofessionalcompetence.2．WhatisauniquefeatureofCliftonStrengths?A．Itevaluatesleadershipskills.B．Itisdevelopedbyexperts.C．Itincludeschallengingquestions.D．Itoffersacomprehensivereport.3．Whichtestsuitsajobseekerwhopreferscategorizedsuggestionsandcareercoaching?A．CliftonStrengths B．RedBullWingfinderC．SEIDevelopmentReport D．CareerOneStop阅读理解Fifteen-year-oldSansahasbeenwritingforeightyearsandhasbeenworkingonabookforthepastfour.Feelingstuckandunabletowrite,shestartedsearchingforwritinggroupsinLosAngeles,lookingforguidance.WhenshefoundWriteGirl,shewasinspired.KerenTaylorstartedWriteGirlin2001asawaytohelpteengirlswhodidnothaveaccesstocreativewritingprograms."Teengirlsareincrediblyvulnerable(脆弱的)andinvisible,"Taylorsaid."Theyreallyneedtobeliftedupandinspired."AtWriteGirl,400womenwritersvolunteertomentor(指导)700teenagersayear.Everygirlwhohasgonethroughthementorshipprogramhasgonetocollegeandseveralhavepursuedcareersasprofessionalwriters.Throughtheprogram,girlsdiveintopoetry,fiction,songwriting,playandsoon,learningtechniquesfromprofessionalwomenwriters.Thisleadstowell-roundedtrainingandsetsWriteGirlapartfromotherorganizations.AtypicalexerciseatWriteGirlismicandrant,a30-secondsessionbeforewritingforeachgirl.Asavehicleforteenstogettheirideasout,itempowersgirlstoexploreanythingmeaningfultothem."Nottheflowerylanguage,orrather,complicatedexpressionsthatsoundskillful,butmoreofthenatural,thisiswhatI'mthinkingandwhatI'mfeeling."Taylorsaid.Sansa'smentorDanyellaWilderisattractedbythelong-termnatureofmentoringatWriteGirl.Wilderwishesshehadaprogramlikethisherselfwhenshewas15."Tojusthaveanorganizationwherepeoplearespendingtheirtimejusttotellyou,‘Hey,goodjob,'or‘Thatwasamazing.'You'reattheagewhereyouneedtohearthat."4．WhydidSansajoinWriteGirl?A．Togainasenseofbelonging.B．Toovercomeherwritingblock.C．Toreleasenegativeemotions.D．Tobecomeaprofessionalwriter.5．WhatmakesWriteGirldifferentfromotherorganizations?A．Itaimstoproduceprofessionalwriters.B．Itturnsteengirlsintomentors.C．Itexposesgirlstovariedwritingstyles.D．Itensuresgirls'entrytocollege.6．Whatdoesthe"micandrant"exerciseinparagraph4referto?A．Adailywritingtask.B．Arecitationofpoetry.C．Asessionforideageneration.D．Askillfulexpressionactivity.7．WhatdoesDanyellaWilderimplyinthelastparagraph?A．Mentoringisatime-consumingprocess.B．Positivefeedbackiscrucialforteengirls.C．Criticismatayoungagecanbeharmful.D．Mentorshipshouldbebasedonfriendship.阅读理解ItisWilliamShakespeare,thegreatcoiner,whoisgivencreditfortheword.Coriolanus,oneofhischaracters,comparesgoingintoexile(流放)toa"lonelydragon"retiringtohiscave.Hewastalkingaboutaphysicalstate:someonewhowaslonelywassimplyalone.Then,thankstotheRomanticpoets,thewordtookonemotionalmeanings.Lonelinessbecameaconditionofthesoul.ForWilliamWordsworth,whofamously"wanderedlonelyasacloud",thenaturalworldofferedanescapefromnegativefeelingsofloneliness—ahostofflowerscouldprovide"cheerfulcompany".Today,lonelinessisoftenseenasaseriouspublic-healthproblem,creatingthefeelingofdisconnection.InhisbookSolitude,NettaWeinstein,apsychologyprofessorwonderstherewardsoftimespentalone.HebeginswithanaccountofstoriesofsolitudecreatedbyfiguressuchasMichelMontaigne,awriter,andEdwardHopper,apainter.Nettathendrawonlaboratorywork,interviewsandsurveystoclarifyhowbeingalonereallyaffectsthehumanmind.Itiscommontotreatlonelinessandsolitudeassynonyms(同义词)buttheyarenot.Theauthorsuggeststhatwhatisnegativelydescribedasonestatecanbepositivelyexpressedastheother.Loneliness,oftenperceivedasnegative,canpotentiallybetransformedintoapositiveexperienceofsolitude.Tothisendheemphasizeshowbeingalonecanhelprestorepeopleandofferspracticaladvice.Inanoisyworld,heargues,peopleshouldmaketimetobealone,awayfromattention-grabbingmotives.Thebook'sintervieweesmostlyregardalackofcompanyasacontributortoautonomy.Butthisdependsonwhethersolitudeisdesirableornot.Enforcedsolitude,suchasthatexperiencedbyprisoners,typicallyleadstonothingbutsuffering.Electivesolitude,bycontrast,affordsspaceforself-reflection.Itcanopenthedoorto"peakexperiences"suchaswonder,harmony,andhappiness.Inahighly-connecteddigitalage,however,manyreadersdonotfancytheirchancesofevertakingalongenoughbreaktohavesuchexperiences.8．Howdoesparagraph1introducetheconceptofloneliness?A．Bytracingitsdevelopment.B．Byanalyzingcauses.C．Bymakingapointtobeargued.D．Bysharingaromanticstory.9．WhatdoesNettaWeinstein'sbookSolitudefocuson?A．Thevarioustermsofsolitude.B．Thesocietalimpactofsolitude.C．Thelong-standinghistoryofsolitude.D．Thepsychologicalbenefitsofsolitude.10．Nettadescribesthestateoflonelinessas____.A．stressful B．essentialC．changeable D．neverbeneficial11．WhatdoesNettamostprobablyagreewithaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Enforcedsolitudeisamatterofchoice.B．Enforcedsolitudecontributestoautonomy.C．Electivesolitudeisrareinthedigitalworld.D．Electivesolitudeinterruptspeakexperiences.阅读理解Robotshavelongbeendrawinginspirationfromanimals,withthecreationofrobotdogsorsnake-shapedrobots.Andyet,thefieldofroboticsisfarlessenthusiasticabouttheotherkindoflivingthings—plants.BarbaraMazzolai,anItalianroboticistowesthistoamisconceptionaboutplantbehavior:thattheycannotmoveorthink."It'snottrueatall,"shesays.Tochallengethisview,DrMazzolaiandherteamrecentlylaunchedamachinecalled"FiloBot",arobotbasedonaclimbingspecies.Tosurvive,aclimbingplantmustswitchbetweenseveraldifferentbehaviors.Inforestenvironments,itmustfirstgrowoutofthesoilandtravelalongthegroundinsearchofasupporttoholdonto,suchasanearbytree.Onceasupportislocated,though,theplantfixesitselfaroundtheobjectandthengrowingtowardsthelight.Tochoosethebestangletogrowupwards,aclimbingplantusesitsshoots(芽)toreceiveinformationaboutlightandgravity.FiloBothassensorsonitsmainshoot.Itcan3D-printitsbodywithplasticandgrowatacontrollablerate.Thesefunctionsresearchersfound,enabledFiloBottocrossgaps,andfindthingstoattachto.Thelackofheavyon-boardcomputingdevicemeansthatitislightandrequiresminimalcare,whileitsslowpacemeansthatitdoesn'tdisturbthingsaroundit,makingitpossibletomovethroughacomplex,unseenenvironment,ormonitoringdisastersites.Fornow,FiloBotisstillbeingtested.Itstendrils(卷须)havenotleftthelaboratory.Still,ithasalreadybeenemployedindeconstructingplantbehaviour.Forexample,itwaslongassumedthatclimbingplantsfindtheirsupportsbygrowingtowardsshade,thoughtheexactmechanismwasunclear.FiloBotcouldimitatethisbehaviourbydetectingfar-redlight,whichistypicalofshadedareas,providingcluestohowplantsdoit.DrMazzolaihopesthatsuchprojectswillinspireotherroboticiststotaketheircuesfromplantsanddevelopcompletelynewtechnologies.12．Whatdoesthemisconceptionaboutplantsinthefieldofroboticsfocuson?A．Theirshapes. B．Theirdiversity.C．Theirbodylanguage. D．Theircapabilities.13．WhatisanadvantageofFiloBot?A．Itmovesquickly.B．Ithasasolidmetalbody.C．Itadaptstodifferentenvironment.D．Itisattachedtohugecomputers.14．Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A．ThelimitationsofFiloBot.B．ThecurrentuseofFiloBot.C．ThecomponentsofFiloBot.D．TheuniquefeatureofFiloBot'sdesign.15．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthistext?A．ARoleModelforRoboticsResearchB．AGlimpseintotheWorldofRoboticsC．APlant-InspiredInnovationinRoboticsD．AMisunderstandingofthePlantKingdom二、第一部分阅读，第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whendidwestartwalkingforleisure?"Goingforawalk"isapopularpastimeamongolderandyoungergenerationsalikebecauseofitswell-knownbenefitsforourphysicalandmentalhealth.Butyoumaybesurprisedtohearthatwanderingthroughprettystreetsorhikinginmountainoushavenotalwaysbeenconsideredleisureactivities,accordingtoDanielGale,aresearcherofpedestrianism(步行运动).16．Beforethat,itwasjustsomethingpeopledidoutofnecessity,someofwhomevenassociateditwithcriminalactivity.ButforCharlesDickens,thefamousEnglish19thCenturyauthor,marchingthroughLondonstreetsandtrampingaroundthecountrysidewasabigpartofthecreativeprocess.17．Hewalkedatanimpressivepaceoffourmilesperhour,accordingtohisbiographybyPeterAckroyd.18．Perhapsyoucantakeinspirationfromanotherbig-thinkingwanderer.19thCenturyAmericanwriterHenryDavidThoreautookaslowerapproach,preferringtostrolloverhillsandfieldsandthroughthewoods.Hesaidthathecouldnotpreservehishealthandspiritswithoutwalkingatleastfourhoursaday.Thisideaoftakingastrolltoclearyourheadhassurvivedthroughtothe21stCentury.Buthavepedestrianmannersremainedthesame?A1780articlefortheLondonMagazineadvisedpedestrianstoavoidthingssuchashangingaroundinconversationandobstructingpeoplebehindyou.19．Inthismodernage,whenmanyofusaretiedtoourdesksandtoourscreens,trythesimpleactofsteppingoutontothecitypavements,orgettinglostinnature.20．Whetheryouseeyourselfmoreasacasualstrollerorapurposefulstrider(阔步者),whynotbuildahabitoutofit?A.Whatifspeed-walkingisn'tyourthing?B.Thismaymakeallthedifferencetoourwellbeing.C.Nowadays,wecouldadddistractedphone-users.D.Hebroughttherecreationofwalkingintofashion.E.Goingonanurbanwalkismuchmorepleasantnow.F.Itwasatimetoabsorbwhatwasgoingonaroundhim.G.InBritain,walkingforfunwasn'treallyathinguntilthe1780s.三、第二部分语言运用，第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）（共两节，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。SargassumisthesmellyseaweedpilinguponbeachesacrosstheCaribbean.Itisn'tsomethingmostpeople21．kindly.ButforOmardeVazquez,agardener,itwassomethinglikea(an)22．.Yearsago,aspartofhisgardeningbusiness,Omarlaunchedabeachcleanupserviceto23．theleafyseaweed.But,asits24．intensified,hestartedconsideringhowtoturnitintosomethinguseful,andin2018he25．awaytouseitinbuildingblocks.Hestartedhiscompany—SargaBlocktomarketthebrickswhicharebeing26．bytheUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgram(UNDP)asasustainablesolutiontoacurrentenvironmentalproblem."WhenIlookatSargaBlock,it'slikelookingina27．,"hesays,comparinghiscompanytoovercominghispersonal28．,includingdrugandalcoholaddiction."ThatwasatimewhenIfeltunwantedand29．,likethesargassumpeoplecomplainedabout."Luckily,Omargrewupinnatureandpoverty,which30．hischaracterandturnedhimintosomeonewhotakesaction.Hewantedtomakesomethinggoodoutofsomethingeveryonesawasbad.Omarthenputhisideainto31．,mixing40%sargassumwithotherorganicmaterials,likeclay,whichhethenputsintoablock-formingmachine.Theprocesswas32．.TheUNDPselectedOmar'sworkfortheirAcceleratorLab,which33．andrecognizesinnovativesolutionstoenvironmentalchallengesglobally.Theideaisthatsomeofthemosttimelyandcreative34．comefromlocalssufferingfromenvironmentaldilemmas35．.21．A．lookupon B．bringinC．giveup D．comeacross22．A．game B．gift C．race D．trouble23．A．access B．harvest C．remove D．process24．A．heat B．image C．presence D．movement25．A．workedout B．calledforC．showedoff D．turneddown26．A．highlighted B．undervaluedC．overemphasized D．withdrawn27．A．window B．mirror C．dictionary D．puzzle28．A．struggles B．fears C．desires D．opinions29．A．appreciated B．infected C．interrupted D．rejected30．A．fitted B．shaped C．revealed D．described31．A．operation B．words C．bills D．profit32．A．straightforward B．transformingC．natural D．consuming33．A．combines B．provides C．identifies D．drafts34．A．responses B．reminder C．appeal D．issues35．A．alongside B．offshore C．underneath D．firsthand四、第二部分语言运用，第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。90percentoftheworld'sfireworksareproducedinChina.ThebiggestimporteristheUS,which36．(ship)inmorethanUS$650millionworthin2021.Thedetailsoffireworks'inventionarelosttohistory,but37．folktaletriestofillinthegap.ItgoesthatmonknamedLiTiancreatedfireworksaround1400yearsagobypackinggunpowderintobambootubes38．(scare)offevilspirits.Anexplosivemixtureofgun-powderandchemicalcompounds(化合物)is39．makesfireworksflashinprettycoloursandfunshapes.Theimagestheymakedependontheplacementofthesecompoundsinsidetheshellofthefirework.Crowd40．(favorite)include"comet",featuringalongtrailofsparks;"peony",aflower-likeburst;and"strobe",whichproducesablinkingeffect.Thesinglebiggestfireworkshellevershotwaspartofa2020winter-carnivaldisplayinColorado,US.41．(weigh)1268kilograms,itrosemorethanakilometreintothesky42．bursting,turningthenightskyred.Forcenturieswehadtolightfirework43．hand,butsincethe1980s,there'sbeenanotheroption:computer-controlledlighters,whichmademusicatdisplaysmore44．(precise)timedandsafer.Anevengreeneralternativerecently45．(adopt)isusingdronestotraceflashypatternsinthesky.Thefutureoffireworks,likesomuchelse,mayberobotic.五、第四部分写作，第一节（满分15分）（共两节，满分40分）46．假定你是校乐团负责人李华，你校学生乐团YouthOrchestra受邀将参加在英国举办的国际中学生音乐节，并演奏中国民乐，请给主办机构写一封邮件，内容包括：1.询问各项安排；2.表达期待。注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Dearorganizingcommittee,Yours,LiHua六、第四部分写作，第二节（满分25分）47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Ijumpedintomymother'scar,shutthedoorandpouredoutmyrecenttrouble."Jennyisplayinghermindgamesagain.Trainingislesstiringthandealingwithherandherfeelings,"Icomplained.JennyandIwereco-captainsofourcross-countryteam.We'dbeentrainingforthecomingtournament(锦标赛)forweeks:stretching,running,andmakingthesevenofusintoateam.Jenny,withexceptionalrunningtalent,alwayshadawaytogetaheadofhercompetitorsonthecourse.Shealsohelpedallofusrunfasterandcheereduson.Itseemedthatshewasanticipatingthefinalshow.However,thisweek,herattitudeshifted.Shekeptmakingexcusesnottorunwiththeteam,fromachinglegstoheadaches.Ihadtobegher,tellingherrepeatedlythattheteamcouldn'tdowithouther.ItwentonalldayandIwaswornout.What'sherdeal?Mompulledintoourdriveway,andturnedtowardme,"Well,IknowalittleaboutJenny.Sheandherlittlebrotherhavebeentogetherinfostercare(寄养家庭).Socloseweretheythateverytimetheymoved,Jennywouldsaythataslongastheyweretogether,theyhadafamily."MyheartsankasMomcontinued,"Jenny'sstepfather(继父)cameforherbrotherthisweek,withgifts,hugsandbigplansfortheirfuture.ButJennywasn'tevenpartofhisbigplans."Mychestfelttight."PoorJenny,nottohaveafamily."Iwasclosetotears.Mymotherpattedmyknee."That'sit,honey.Yougotit."AndIdid.IdecidedthatIshoulddosomething.Iproposedthatweorganizeateamgatheringbeforethetournament.Eachmemberwastowriteaheartfeltmessageforeveryteammateandprepareaspecialgiftfortheonetheyfeltmostconnectedto.ImadesurethatJennywouldcome.Ittooksomepersuading,though.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Astheteamgatheringbegan,therewastensionintheair.Thedayofthetournamentarrived.

答案解析部分【答案】1．D2．C3．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍和解释不同种类的能力倾向测试及其特点，为读者（尤其是求职者）提供关于如何通过这些测试来了解自身职业潜能的信息和建议。

【点评】考查阅读理解，包含推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。1．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Aptitudetestsarehelpfultojobseekersofallages.Whilecareerquizzesexploreyourvaluesandworkstyle,aptitudetestsprovideamoreobjectiveevaluationofyourskills,helpingyouselectacareeryou'remostlikelytosucceedin."能力倾向测试对所有年龄段的求职者都很有帮助。职业测验考察的是你的价值观和工作方式，而能力倾向测验则是对你的技能进行更客观的评估，帮助你选择最有可能成功的职业。可知，能力测试主要评估求职者的专业能力。故选D。2．考查推理判断。根据CliftonStrengths部分中的"AllenCheung,atechblogger,notesthatCliftonStrengthsismorevaluablethanyouraveragecareertestbecauseitincludes"trickyquestionswhicharen'taseasilygamed".科技博客作者艾伦·张指出，CliftonStrengths比一般的职业测试更有价值，因为它包含了"不那么容易应付的棘手问题"。可知，克利夫顿优势的独特之处是其中包括具有挑战性的问题。故选C。3．考查推理判断。根据CareerOneStop部分中的"Thecareersuggestionsattheendcanbesortedbyrelevance,annualwages,andjoboutlook,coupledwithwithprofessionalcoachingorconsultationimproveyourskills."最后的职业建议可以根据相关度、年薪和工作前景进行分类，再加上专业的指导或咨询，可以提高你的技能。可知，CareerOneStop适合喜欢分类建议和职业指导的求职者。故选D。【答案】4．B5．C6．C7．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了十五岁的珊莎已经写作八年了，过去四年一直在写一本书。她觉得自己被困住了，无法写作，于是开始在洛杉矶寻找写作小组，寻求指导。当她找到"写作女孩"时，她受到了启发。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。4．考查推理判断。根据第一段"Fifteen-year-oldSansahasbeenwritingforeightyearsandhasbeenworkingonabookforthepastfour.Feelingstuckandunabletowrite,shestartedsearchingforwritinggroupsinLosAngeles,lookingforguidance.WhenshefoundWriteGirl,shewasinspired."十五岁的珊莎已经写作八年了，过去四年一直在写一本书。她觉得自己被困住了，无法写作，于是开始在洛杉矶寻找写作小组，寻求指导。当她找到"写作女孩"时，她受到了启发。可推知，珊莎加入"写作女孩"是为了克服她的写作障碍。故选B。5．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Throughtheprogram,girlsdiveintopoetry,fiction,songwriting,playandsoon,learningtechniquesfromprofessionalwomenwriters.Thisleadstowell-roundedtrainingandsetsWriteGirlapartfromotherorganizations."通过这个项目，女孩们深入到诗歌、小说、歌曲创作、戏剧等领域，向职业女作家学习技巧。这导致了全面的培训，并将"写作女孩"与其他组织区分开来。可知，"写作女孩"与其他组织不同的是它让女孩们接触到不同的写作风格。故选C。6．考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的"…a30-secondsessionbeforewritingforeachgirl."在为每个女孩写作之前有30秒的时间；以及"Asavehicleforteenstogettheirideasout,itempowersgirlstoexploreanythingmeaningfultothem."作为青少年表达想法的工具，它使女孩们能够探索任何对她们有意义的事情。可推知，此处micandrant指的是"产生想法的一段时间。"故选C。7．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Wilderwishesshehadaprogramlikethisherselfwhenshewas15.‘Tojusthaveanorganizationwherepeoplearespendingtheirtimejusttotellyou,‘Hey,goodjob,'or‘Thatwasamazing.'You'reattheagewhereyouneedtohearthat.'"Wilder希望自己15岁时也能有这样一个项目。"在一个组织里，人们花时间只是为了告诉你，‘嘿，干得好'或‘太棒了'。'你已经到了需要听到这句话的年纪了。"可推知，DanyellaWilder在最后一段暗示了积极的反馈对十几岁的女孩来说至关重要。故选B。【答案】8．A9．D10．C11．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，探讨了独处与孤独的区别，并强调独处对个人成长的重要性。通过历史人物的故事和科学研究，作者提倡在喧嚣世界中寻找独处时光，以恢复内心并享受自我反思的益处。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。8．考查推理判断。根据第一段"ItisWilliamShakespeare,thegreatcoiner,whoisgivencreditfortheword.Coriolanus,oneofhischaracters,comparesgoingintoexile(流放)toa‘lonelydragon'retiringtohiscave.Hewastalkingaboutaphysicalstate:someonewhowaslonelywassimplyalone.Then,thankstotheRomanticpoets,thewordtookonemotionalmeanings.Lonelinessbecameaconditionofthesoul.ForWilliamWordsworth,whofamously‘wanderedlonelyasacloud',thenaturalworldofferedanescapefromnegativefeelingsofloneliness—ahostofflowerscouldprovide‘cheerfulcompany'.Today,lonelinessisoftenseenasaseriouspublic-healthproblem,creatingthefeelingofdisconnection."这个词被认为是由伟大的造币者威廉·莎士比亚创造的。科里奥兰纳斯，他的角色之一，把流亡比作一条"孤独的龙"隐居在他的洞穴里。他说的是一种生理状态：孤独的人只是一个人。然后，感谢浪漫主义诗人，这个词有了情感意义。孤独成了灵魂的一种状态。对于以"像一朵云一样孤独地漫游"而闻名的威廉·华兹华斯来说，大自然提供了一种逃离消极孤独感的方式——一群花可以提供"愉快的陪伴"。如今，孤独常常被视为一个严重的公共健康问题，它会造成一种与外界脱节的感觉。可知，第一段通过回顾从莎士比亚最初使用"孤独"一词描述单纯的物理上的独处状态，到浪漫主义诗人将其含义扩展到心灵层面的过程，追溯了"孤独"概念的发展。故选A。9．考查推理判断。根据第二段"InhisbookSolitude,NettaWeinstein,apsychologyprofessorwonderstherewardsoftimespentalone.HebeginswithanaccountofstoriesofsolitudecreatedbyfiguressuchasMichelMontaigne,awriter,andEdwardHopper,apainter.Nettathendrawonlaboratorywork,interviewsandsurveystoclarifyhowbeingalonereallyaffectsthehumanmind."心理学教授内塔·温斯坦在他的著作《孤独》中对独处时间的回报感到好奇。他首先讲述了作家蒙田和画家霍珀等人物创作的孤独故事。然后，内塔利用实验室工作、访谈和调查来阐明独处是如何真正影响人类思维的。可知，《孤独》一书着重探讨了独处时间对人心理的正面影响，通过历史人物的故事、实验室研究、访谈和调查数据来阐明独处如何真正作用于人的心理。故选D。10．考查推理判断。根据第三段中中的"Loneliness,oftenperceivedasnegative,canpotentiallybetransformedintoapositiveexperienceofsolitude."孤独，通常被认为是消极的，可以潜在地转化为积极的孤独体验。可知，孤独的状态是可以改变的。故选C。11．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Electivesolitude,bycontrast,affordsspaceforself-reflection.Itcanopenthedoorto‘peakexperiences'suchaswonder,harmony,andhappiness.Inahighly-connecteddigitalage,however,manyreadersdonotfancytheirchancesofevertakingalongenoughbreaktohavesuchexperiences."相比之下，选择性的独处为自我反省提供了空间。它可以打开通往"高峰体验"的大门，比如惊奇、和谐和幸福。然而，在一个高度互联的数字时代，许多读者并不指望自己有机会休息足够长的时间来获得这样的体验。可知，Netta可能同意的一个观点是在高度互联的数字时代，许多读者认为自己不太可能有足够长的时间中断来体验"巅峰时刻"，暗示在这样的环境下，人们主动选择的、有利于自我反思的独处变得较为少见，即选择性独处在数字世界中是罕见的。故选C。【答案】12．D13．C14．B15．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了Mazzolai博士和她的团队最近推出了一种名为"FiloBot"的机器，这是一种基于攀爬物种的机器人。Mazzolai博士希望这样的项目能激励其他机器人专家从植物中获得灵感，开发出全新的技术。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，段落大意和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。12．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Robotshavelongbeendrawinginspirationfromanimals,withthecreationofrobotdogsorsnake-shapedrobots.Andyet,thefieldofroboticsisfarlessenthusiasticabouttheotherkindoflivingthings—plants.BarbaraMazzolai,anItalianroboticistowesthistoamisconceptionaboutplantbehavior:thattheycannotmoveorthink."长期以来，机器人一直从动物身上汲取灵感，出现了机器狗或蛇形机器人。然而，机器人领域对另一种生物——植物却远没有那么热情。意大利机器人专家芭芭拉·马佐莱(BarbaraMazzolai)认为，这是因为人们对植物行为有一种误解：它们不能移动或思考。可知，在机器人领域对植物的误解集中在它们的能力。故选D。13．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Thelackofheavyon-boardcomputingdevicemeansthatitislightandrequiresminimalcare,whileitsslowpacemeansthatitdoesn'tdisturbthingsaroundit,makingitpossibletomovethroughacomplex,unseenenvironment,ormonitoringdisastersites."没有沉重的机载计算设备意味着它很轻，需要最少的护理，而它缓慢的速度意味着它不会干扰周围的东西，这使得它可以在复杂的、看不见的环境中移动，或者监测灾难现场。可知，FiloBot的优势是它适应不同的环境。故选C。14．考查段落大意。根据第四段"Fornow,FiloBotisstillbeingtested.Itstendrils(卷须)havenotleftthelaboratory.Still,ithasalreadybeenemployedindeconstructingplantbehaviour.Forexample,itwaslongassumedthatclimbingplantsfindtheirsupportsbygrowingtowardsshade,thoughtheexactmechanismwasunclear.FiloBotcouldimitatethisbehaviourbydetectingfar-redlight,whichistypicalofshadedareas,providingcluestohowplantsdoit."目前，FiloBot仍在测试中。它的卷须还没有离开实验室。尽管如此，它已经被用于解构植物的行为。例如，长期以来，人们一直认为攀缘植物是通过向阴凉处生长来获得支撑的，尽管确切的机制尚不清楚。FiloBot可以通过探测远红光来模仿这种行为，这是典型的阴影区域，为植物如何做到这一点提供线索。可知，第四段的主要内容是FiloBot的当前使用情况。故选B。15．考查标题归纳。根据第一段中的"BarbaraMazzolai,anItalianroboticistowesthistoamisconceptionaboutplantbehavior:thattheycannotmoveorthink.‘It'snottrueatall,'shesays.Tochallengethisview,DrMazzolaiandherteamrecentlylaunchedamachinecalled‘FiloBot',arobotbasedonaclimbingspecies."意大利机器人专家芭芭拉·马佐莱(BarbaraMazzolai)认为，这是因为人们对植物行为有一种误解:它们不能移动或思考。"这根本不是真的，"她说。为了挑战这一观点，Mazzolai博士和她的团队最近推出了一种名为"FiloBot"的机器，这是一种基于攀爬物种的机器人；以及最后一段"DrMazzolaihopesthatsuchprojectswillinspireotherroboticiststotaketheircuesfromplantsanddevelopcompletelynewtechnologies."Mazzolai博士希望这样的项目能激励其他机器人专家从植物中获得灵感，开发出全新的技术。可知，文章主要讲的是长期以来，机器人一直从动物身上汲取灵感，出现了机器狗或蛇形机器人。然而，机器人领域对另一种生物——植物却远没有那么热情。Mazzolai博士和她的团队最近推出了一种名为"FiloBot"的机器，这是一种基于攀爬物种的机器人。Mazzolai博士希望这样的项目能激励其他机器人专家从植物中获得灵感，开发出全新的技术。可推知"这是一种由植物启发的机器人创新项目"适合作本文标题，故选C。【答案】16．G；17．F；18．A；19．C；20．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了散步的历史以及好处。

【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇运动类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。16．根据空后"Beforethat,itwasjustsomethingpeopledidoutofnecessity,someofwhomevenassociateditwithcriminalactivity.("在此之前，这只是人们出于需要而做的事情，有些人甚至把它与犯罪活动联系在一起。可知，此处主要在说明散步流行起来的时间。G.InBritain,walkingforfunwasn'treallyathinguntilthe1780s."在英国，直到18世纪80年代，以散步为乐趣才真正成为一件事"符合语境，故选G。17．根据空前"ButforCharlesDickens,thefamousEnglish19thCenturyauthor,marchingthroughLondonstreetsandtrampingaroundthecountrysidewasabigpartofthecreativeprocess."但对19世纪英国著名作家查尔斯·狄更斯来说，在伦敦街头游行、在乡间漫步是创作过程的重要组成部分。可知，上文提到著名作家查尔斯·狄更斯喜欢创作的时候散步，因此此处承接上文，说明这么做