2021广州市高考英语阅读、信息匹配自练(8)答案(四月)

2021广州市高考英语阅读、信息匹配自练（8）答案（四月）【由北京市丰台区2022高考模拟改编】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Haveyoueverlookedtowardtheskyonafalldayandwitnessedagroupofmigratingbirds?Ifso,youprobablynotedtheV-shapedformationofthebirdsorthebirdsflyinginaball-likeformation.Whydobirdsflythisway?Manytheorieshavebeendevelopedtoexplaintheformationpatternsofdifferenttypesofbirds.Onetheoryisthatbirdsflyincertainformationstotakeadvantageofthelawsofnature.ThebirdsknowthatflyinginaV-shapedpatternwillsaveenergy.Liketheleadcyclistinaracewhodecreaseswindforceforthecyclistswhofollow,theleadbirdcutswindforceforthebirdsthatfollow.Thisdecreaseinwindforcemeansthatthebirdsuseupto70percentlessenergyduringtheirflight.Whentheleadbirdbecomestired,amorerestedbirdtakesoverthatposition.Butsavingenergyisimportantformorethanonereason.Sometimesfoodisshortduringmigrationflights.Keepingenergyenablesthebirdstoflylongerdistancesbetweenmeals.Whenfoodissighted,thebirdsguideoneanotherinadifferentway.Whenabirdidentifiesafamiliarfeedingarea,itmightturnaroundinordertosignalthegrouptochangedirection.Then,thisbirdbecomesthenewleader.Ithelpsguaranteethatotherbirdswillknowexactlywhereitisgoing.Thenthewholegroupmakesachangeindirection,gentlystreamingfromtheskydowntotheground.Thisformationislikeanarrowpointingtothelocationoffood.Scientistshavealsostudiedthebirdsthatsometimesflyinaball-likeformation.Researchersbelievethatthebirdscometogetherifapredator（天敌）isspotted.Thepredatormaythenbecomeimpatientwaitingforasinglebirdtoflyawayfromthegroup.Thebirdswilloftendipanddiveasagroup,frustratingeventhemostpersistentenemy.Scientistsreportthatthisisaveryeffectivemethodofdefenseagainstanattack.Thebirdscarefortheirfellowfliersthroughteamwork.AstransportationexpertHenryFordoncesaid,“Ifeveryoneismovingforwardtogether,thensuccesstakescareofitself.”Whenitcomestoteamwork,thesefeatheredfliersareasoaringsuccess!1.Accordingtothepassage,wecanlearnthatbirds___________.A.movefasterthancyclistsB.prefertoflyinaVformationC.aresmarterthanotheranimalsD.playdifferentrolesinaformation2.Whenfoodissighted,____________.A.thegroupfollowsthediscovererB.theleadbirddecideswhattodoC.thediscovererleavesthegroupD.thewholegroupformsastream3.Toprotectthemselvesfromattack,birdswill_____________.A.breakintogroups B.comeclosetogetherC.changedirections D.flyupanddown4.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ABird’s-EyeViewofTeamwork.B.SuccessTakesCareofItself.C.TheStrongestWillSurvive.D.AScienceBehindFlying.【参考答案】1—4、DA BA 阅读理解Theliteralmeaningofphilosophyis“loveofwisdom”.Butthismeaningdoesnottellusverymuch.Unliketheotherdisciplines（学科）,philosophycannotbedefinedbywhatyoustudy,becauseitisactuallyunlimited.Anythingcanbethesubjectmatterofphilosophy:are,history,law,language,literature,mathematics,andinfact,theotheracademicdisciplinesaredirectlyrelatedtophilosophy.ForthisreasonyougetaDoctorate（博士学位）ofPhilosophy(Ph.D.)inbiochemistry,orcomputerscience,orpsychology.Twobroadsub-fieldsofphilosophyarelogicandthehistoryofphilosophy.Logicisthescienceofargumentandcriticalthinking.Itprovidessoundmethodsfordistinguishinggoodfrombadreasoning.Thehistoryofphilosophyinvolvesthestudyofmajorphilosophersandperiodinthedevelopmentofphilosophy.Ofwhatuseisphilosophy?Firstitisusefulineducationaladvancement.Itisnecessaryforunderstandingotherdisciplines.Onlyphilosophyquestionsthenatureoftheconceptsusedinadiscipline,anditsrelationtootherdiscoveries.Andthroughthestudyofphilosophy,onedevelopssoundmethodsofresearchandanalysisthatcanbeappliedtoanyfield.Thereareanumberofgeneralusesofphilosophy.Itstrengthensone’sabilitytosolveproblems,tocommunicate,toorganizeideasandissues,topersuade,andtotakewhatisthemostimportantformalargequantityofdata.Thesegeneralusesareofgreatbenefitinthecareerfield,notnecessarilyobtainingone’sfirstjobaftergraduation,butforpreparingforpositionofresponsibility,managementandleadershiplateron.Itisveryshortsightedafterall,totakeacourseofstudiesonlyforthepurposeofgettingone’sfirstjob.Theusefulskillsdevelopedthroughthestudyofphilosophyhavesignificantlong-termbenefitsincareeradvancement.Nootherdisciplinesystematicallyfollowstheidealsofwisdom,leadership,andcapacitytoresolvehumanconflict.1.AccordingtoParagraph1.Philosophycanbestbedescribedasthestudyof.A.socialsciencesB.naturalsciencesC.bothsocialandnaturalsciencesD.thesubjectmatterofpolitics2.Withthestudyofphilosophy,youcan.A.becomeagreatleaderB.succeedineverythingC.findagoodjobsoonaftergraduationD.makeprogressinyourcareerdevelopment3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollwingstatementsisTRUE?A.Philosophyisanindependentdiscipline.B.Logichelpsyoutobecomeabetterthinker.C.Thestudyofphilosophybringsyouimmediatebenefits.D.Themeaningofphilosophyistoolimitedtodefine.4.Fromthepassage,wecanconcludeA.notallthesubjectshavetodowithphilosophyB.apersonwillgetaPh.D.ifhe/shestudiesphilosophyC.philosophycanbehelpfulforthestudyofanyothersubjectsD.philosophyistheonlysolutiontoalltheproblemsintheworld【参考答案】1—4、CDBC阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。Afterinventingdynamites(炸药),Swedish-bornAlfredNobelbecameaveryrichman.However,heforesawitsuniversallydestructivepowerstoolate.Nobelpreferrednottoberememberedastheinventorofdynamite,soin1895,justtwoweeksbeforehisdeath,hecreatedafundtobeusedforawardingprizestopeoplewhohadmadeworthwhilecontributionstomankind.Originallytherewerefiveawards:literature,physics,chemistry,medicine,andpeace.Economicswasaddedin1968,justsixty-sevenyearsafterthefirstawardsceremony.Nobel’soriginallegacyofninemilliondollarswasinvested,andtheinterestonthissumisusedfortheawardswhichvaryfrom$30,000to$125,000.EveryyearonDecember10,theanniversaryofNobel’sdeath,theawards(goldmedal,illuminateddiploma,andmoney)arepresentedtothewinners.Sometimespoliticsplaysanimportantroleinthejudges’decision.Americanshavewonnumerousscienceawards,butrelativelyfewliteratureprizes.Noawardswerepresentedfrom1940to1942atthebeginningofWorldWarII.Somepeoplehavewontwoprizes,butthisisrare;othershavesharedtheirprizes.(from)1.Whatdidthefirstawardceremonytakeplace?A.1895.B.1901.C.1962.D.1968.2.TheNobelprizewasestablishedto________.A.honortheinventorofdynamite B.recognizeworthwhilecontributionstohumanityC.resolvepoliticaldifferences D.spendmoney3.InwhichareahaveAmericansreceivedthemostawards?A.Literature.B.Economics.C.Peace.D.Science.4.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?A.Awardsvaryinmoneyvalue.B.CeremoniesareheldonDecember10tocommemorateNobel’sinvention.C.Politicscanbeofimportanceinselectingthewinners.D.Afewindividualshavewontwoawards.1.B计算题。依据文中第一段最终一句“Economicswasaddedin1968,justsixty-sevenyearsafterthefirstawardsceremony.”计算可得。2.B细节题。依据短文第一段其次句“…forawardingprizestopeoplewhohadmadeworthwhilecontributionstomankind”可得(from)。3.D细节题。依据短文第三段“Americanshavewonnumerousscienceawards”一句可得。4.D事实推断题。依据短文第四段“Somepeoplehavewontwoprizes,butthisisrare”一句推断可得。【山东省2022高考仿真冲刺卷（6）】阅读下面的短文，并依据文章后的要求答题。[1]Wearetoldbreakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday，anddinnerthemostenjoyable．Itisanoccasiontosocializeandspendtimewiththefamily．Butwhataboutlunch?[2]Intoday'sfast-pacedsociety，fewpeopletaketimetoenjoythismiddaymeal．Mostofusjustrushrightthroughit．Wegrabaquicksalad，orbuyasandwichandeatatourcomputers．Sometimes，ifthereisadeadlinearoundthecorner，wejust．[3]Thedevelopmentoftechnologyhasn'tdoneoureatinghabitsmuchgoodeither．Weareconstantlytroubledbye-mail，socialmedia，and24-hournews．EvenWhenwedositdownforlunch，wearemoreconnectedtoourhand-heldelectronicdevicesthanourselves．[4]Longworkinghourscancauseallkindsofhealthproblems，andmanydevelopedcountrieshaveputinplacelaborlawsspecificallyregardingthelunchbreak．Theseregulationsgiveemployeestherighttotakeabreakduringalongworkshift，butit'suptothemwhethertheydosoornot．[5]FrankPartnoy，aformerWallStreettrader，saysthatemployersshouldencourageworkerstotaketimeoffforlunch．Thisisbecauselonglunchbreakscanbenefitbothindividualsandsociety．WritinginTheGuardian，Partnoysaysthatoneobviousreasontotakealunchbreakistoslowdownandgainsomeperspective．Abreakfromworkallowsustothinkstrategicallyandoutsidethebox．Italsoputsourdailytasksintoabroadercontext．Ifwesitdownataproperrestaurantandchatleisurelywithcolleagues，wearemorelikelytoslowdown，somethingthathardlycanbeachievedinanoisyandover-packedfastfoodchain．[6]Despitethesebenefits，someemployeesmightstillbeunwillingtotaketimeoffforlunch．Partnoy'ssuggestion?Makeskippinglunchdifficult：Employerscouldaskworkerstofilloutaformstatingtheirreasonsforskippingthemeal．76．What'sthepurposeofthetext?77．Fillin