工程应用英语-答案版

课程代码：06269

工程应用英语课程

自学辅导材料

・配套教材：《专业英语》

・主编：李嘉

•出版社：人民交通

・版次：2012年版

・适应层次：本科

第二部分复习思考题

单蹒：

1.ComputersareBunlesstheyaregivenclearandaccurateinstructionsandinformation.

AusedB.uselessC.usefulD.uselessly

2.ActiveBfbrengineersoftenbeginsbeforethestudent'slastyearintheuniversity.

A.employB.recruitingC.hireD.firing

3.ForthestudentwhoKpreparingtobecomeaCengheei;thesespecializedcoursesmaydealwithsuchsubjectsas

geodeticsurveying,soilmechanics.

A.computerB.socialC.civilD.chemical

4.Thecivilengineermayworkinresearch,design,construction,B、maintenance,oreveninsales.

A.analysisB.supervisionC.planD.fee

5.CivilengineersworkonmanydifferentkindsofC.

A.buildingsB.projectsC.structuresD.roads

6.Indesigningbuilduigs,civilengineersoftenw^rkas旦toarchitecturalorconstructionfirms.

A.workersB.consultantsC.employeesD.students

7.Dams,bridgesandotherlargeprojectsordiiarilyemployseveralengineerswhoseworkkcoordinatedbyaDengineer

whoisinchargeoftheentireproject

A.mainB.chiefC.masterD.systems

8.ConstructionisaBprocessonalmostallengineeringprojects.

A.simpleB.complicatedC.easyD.likely

9.Incompression,thematerialisCtogether.

A.str^chedB.apartC.pushedD.tense

10.Whenasawcutseasilythroughapieceofwood,thewoodisA.

A.intensionB.incompressionC.inpressD.inpush

11.WedefinedDasthetaidencyofamaterialtofracturealongdielinesofstress.

A.tensionB.compressionC.pushD.shear

12.Theprincipalconstructionmaterialsofearliertimeswerewoodand_C

stone,ortile,andsimilarmaterials.

A.steelB.aluminumC.masonrybrickD.plastic

13.ModemcanentisamixtureofB.

A.bricksB.limestoneandclayC.woodandashD.plastic

14.Coixreteisvery_D.

A.constantB.thesameC.definiteD.versatile

15.Steelhasgreattensilestrengthwhileconcretehasgreatcompressivestrength,thus,thetwosubstancesCeachodier.

A.counteractB.offcetC.complementD.nullify

16.OnesystemthathelpsAconcreteweighttosomeextentusespolymers.

A.cutB.accelerateC.addD.keep

17.Theretentionmon^servestoinsureDagainstanydefectsthatmayariseinthework.

A.themanagerB.thecontractorC.thecarrierD.theemployer

18.Thecivilengineeringworkmustbecompletedtothesatisfactionoftheemployei;orhisD.

A.wifeB.friendC.lawyerD.representative

19.Formoderateandbngerhauk,seFloadingscraperspulledbyrubber-tiredhaulingunitsandpush-badedbytractorsoffer

Bcost

A.higherB.lowerC.thesameD.different

20.HighwaymaintenanceactivitiescanbegroupedandclassifiedaccordingDthepurposeofthetreatment

A.withB.forC.forwardD.to

21.Engineeringisaprofession,whichmeansthatanengineermusthaveaspecializedDeducation.

A.elementaryschoolB.highschoolC.middleschoolD.university

22.Inmostcases,dietenderingbeBatanytimeuntilithasbeenaccepted.

A.confirmedB.withdrawnC.admittedD.continued

23.CurrenttrendistorequirestudentstotakecoursesintheCscienceandthelanguagearts.

A.computerB.chemicalC.socialD.biology

24.Thelawrelatingtocontractsimposesonexhpartytoacontractptoperform.

AanirksometaskB.aneasyexperiment

C.agoodplanD.alegalobligation

25.Indeed,thecivilengineer'schoiceisCandvaried.

A.smallB.fineC.largeD.tiny

26.Roadbedshighwaypavementstructuresandtheballastandtrackonwhichtrainsmove.

A.lieaboveB.underlieC.lieleftD.lieright

27.ConstructioncanbeveryA.

A.dangerousB.safeC.easyD.secure

28.Wheremalerialismovedlessthanabout60morsteeplydownhill,diiftingwithatrackorwheeltypebulldozerisA.

A.cheapestB.expensiveC.unknownD.thesame

29.ThrustisthepressureexertedbyeachpartcfastructureonA.

A.itsotherpartB.itselfC.thewallD.theground

30.Theweightofallthepeople,cars,fiimiture,andmachinesandsoonthatthestructurewillsupportwhenitisinuseisB.

A.deadloadB.liveloadC.impactD.safetyfoctor

31.Intension,thematerialisB.

A.pressedB.pulledapartC.pushedD.compressed

32.Infillsconstructedbyaiddumpingorbyplacinginthicklayers,material,densityandmosUirccontentcouldCgreatly

fromonespot(oanother

A.betliesameB.bealikeC.varyD.beequal

33.BothA、thetwomostimportantconstructionmaterialsofmodemtimes,wereintiuducedinthenineteenthcentury.

A.steelandcementB.woodandbrick

C.stoneandtileD.ashandplastic

34.Thetotalstationisusedtomeasureanglesinbodiverticalandhorizontalplanes,andtteleveltomeasureC.

A.distancesB.centralanglesC.elevationdifferenceD.length

35.TheBvehicleisacreatorofaccidents.

A.advantageB.defectiveC.meritD.failure

36.PrestressedconcreteisanBibrmofreinforcement.

A.originalB.improvedC.sameD.low

37.AsimplecontractconsistsofanagreemententeredintobyD.

A.engineersB.oneparty

C.companyD.twoormoreparties

38.Bchangewouldresultindifferentialsettlementorswellbetweenadjacentareas.

A.WeightB.\blumeC.AreaD.No

39.Iherearetwobasicprocedurestbrcontrollingtheembankmentdensity:'mannerandmethod'and*A

A.resultB.combinationC.laya*thicknessD.moisturecontrol

40.Amainsourceofaccidents,theproblemofCdrivingisthemostseriousofall.

AdrinkB.drinkingC.drunkenD.drank

41.ComputerprogrammingisnowincludedinalmostallengineeringB.

AcoursesB.curriculaC.lessonsD.areas

42.TherelationshipbetweenengineeringandsocietyisgettingC.

A.higherB.fartherC.closerD.lower

43.Typesofcontractsarevirtuallyclassifiedbytheir_D__system:(1)price-basedand(2)cost-based.

AconstructionB.designC.taiderD.payment

44.Computerscan'tsolvecomplicatedproblemsunless(heyaregivenD,

A.agoodair-oonditionB.ayoungcivilengireer

C.agoodcomputerengineerD.agoodprogram

45.Inrecentyears,rippershavebeenusedsuccessfullytoC_looseorfracturedrock.

A.breakdownB.breakevenC.breakupD.breakaway

46.CivilengineeringprojectsarealmostalwaysA.

A.distinctiveB.thesimilarC.alikeD.thesame

47.UsuaDy(hereare_C__easyanswersonequipmentselection.

A.someB.manyC.noD.much

48._A_forceactsupanddown.

AXfcrticalB.HorizontalC.RotatingmotionD.Turningmotion

49.Layercdconstructionalsoproducedgreateruniformityinthematerial_D_andinitsdensityandmoisturecontent

A.himselfB.myselfC.themselvesD.itself

50.TheactualcostofanysinglehighwaytrafficaccidentisextremelyCtodetermine.

A.easyB.liableC.difficultD.apt

51.Basically,causesofautomobileaccidentscanbecat^orizedDfourmiyorgroups.

A.inB.toC.onD.into

52.Electronicdistancemeasuring(EDM)notonlycanmeasurethedistancebetweenobjectsbutalsodetenniiieA.

A.thedirectionB.thesizeC.thefrequencyD.thewidth

53.A(herecentimprovementinvisibilityarewraparoundwindshieldsandnarrowedroofsupportpillars.

A.TwoofB.OftwoC.TwoD.Two,of

54.ThereisagreatdealthattheactualhighwaydesignercanCpreventaccident

A.doB.todoC.dotoD.to

55.Toavoidthedrivingafterdrinking,oneofthemethodsisB.

AlawstudyB.breathtestC.takeanexamD.drivingstudy

56.ItissuitableforremotesensingtechniquetobeusedforhighwaylocationinC.

AtropicalraintbrestB.areasbetweentallbuildings

C.mountainouscountrywithoutforestD.plainswithuniformshade

57.Theidormationontheaerialphotographscanbeconvertedintomapswlhthehelpofstereoscopeswhichisabletoseeobjectsin

A.onedimensionB.twodimensions

C.thrccdimensionsD.alldirections

58.Thenormalsteeldoesnotexertanyforceofitsownonthememben_B_totheactionofprestressingsteel.

A.similarB.contraryC.comparableD.likely

59.Theextensiveuseofprestressedstructureshasbeenduein_A__smallmeasurestotheadvancesinthelechnology.

A.noB.soC.suchD.some

6O.Theemployerselects(hecontractorfortheprojectbyD.

AtenderB.advertisementC.govemmaitD.bidding

61.ManydifferentAandgovernmentagencieshavecompetedfortheservicesofengineersinrecentyears.

AcorporationsB.institutesC.unitsD.offices

62.CivilengineersmayprefertoworkwithoneofthegovernmentagenciesthatBwithwalerresources.

AdoesB.dealsC.livesD.argues

63.ItisnormalpracticeforCengineertospecializeinjustonekind

AoneB.aC.anD.the

64.ConstructioninvolvestheworkandutilizingtheequipmentandthematerialssothatcostsarekeptasCaspossible.

A.highB.preciousC.lowD.expensive

65.Forexample,Bareoftenbuiltinwildrivsrvalleysorgorges.

AbuildingsB.damsC.bridgesD.tunnels

66.ElectricalandmechanicalengineersworkontheAofthepowerhouseanditsequipment

A.designB.buildingC.structureD.power

67.InRome,mostofthepeoplelivedinB,greattenementblocksthatwereoftentenstorieshigh.

A.outdoorB.insulseC.theseaD.theground

68.TheprospectivecivilengineershouldbeawareofthephysicalDthatwillbemadeonhimorher

A.conditionsB.testC.courseD.demands

69.MuchoftheworkofcivilengineeringiscarriedonC.

A.indoorsB.intheskyC.outdoorsD.underground

70.Inaddition,thebuildingofskyscrapers,bridgesandtunnelsmustalsoprogressunderallkindsofCconditions.

A.des屯nB.economicC.weatherD.water

71.TheRomansalsousedanaturalcementcalledpozzolana,madefromB,thatbecameashardasstoneunderwater.

A.stedB.volcanicashC.aluminumD.plastic

72.DifferentproportionsoftheingredientsproduceconcretewithAstrengthandweight

A.difftrentB.thesameC.similarD.unknown

73.Aconcretehasmadeitpossibletodevelopbuildingswithunusualshapes.

A.PrestressedB.ReinforcementC.MixtureD.Steel

74.ThemodemengineermustalsounderstandtheCstressestowhichthematerialsinastructurearesubject.

A.alikeB.similarC.differentD.thesame

75.IbdayscientificdatapennittheengineertomakecarefulcakulationsD.

AinaccuratelyB.innotrendC.lateD.inadvance

76.TheforcewhichtheliveloadwillbeexertedonIhestructureisC.

A.deadloadB.liveloadCimpactD.safetyfoctor

77.Wher.asawbeginstobind,thewoodisAbecausethefibersinitarebeingpushedtogether

AincompressionB.intensionC.inpullapartD.instretching

78.Drodsarebentintotheshapestogivethem(henecessarydegreeoftensilestrength.

A.ConcreteB.BrickC.PlasticD.Steel

79.ManygreatbuildingsbuiltinearlieragesaremassivestructureswithB.

A.aluminumwallsB.thickstonewalls

C.steelwallsD.plasticwalls

80.Weallenterintocontractsalmosteverydayforthesupplyfgoods,Betc.

A.educationBtransportationC.friendshipD.wedding

81.SomecontractsmustbemadeinaparticularDtobeenforceable.

AfileB.shapeC.patternD.form

82.OnceapersonhassignedadocumentheisassumedtohaveBitscontents.

A.likedB.approvedC.opposedD.hated

83.BysettingdownthetermsofacontractinwritingonesecuresavoidingA.

A.disputesB.troublesC.scufflesD.sufferings

84.Inanentirecontract,whereDagreestopayacertainsuminreturnforcivilengineeringwork..

A.themanagerB.thecontractorC.thecarrierD.theemployer

85.Bisnotaititledtoanypaymentifheabandonstheworkpriortocompletion.

A.ThemanagerB.ThecontractorC.ThecarrierD.Theemployer

86.ThecontnctorisnotentitledtoreceivepaymentinAuntiltheworkissatisfactorily81npieted.

A.fullB.partC.1\3D.1U

87.Atenderisnormallyrequired(obeadefiniteC.

A.orderB.billC.offerD.license

88.Generally,civilengineeringcontractsprovidefortheissueofBatvariousstagesoftheworks.

A.progresschartB.interimcertificatesC.progressreportD.interimreport

89.Itdosnotgivetheemployertherighttodemandan_A_highstandardofqualitythroughouttheworks.

A.unusuallyB.usuallyC.orduiarilyD.unchangeable

90.TheemployerdoesnotusuallybindhimselftoacceptthelowestorindeedanytenderandthisisoftenstaledintheC.

A.bookB.referenceC.advertisementD.novel

91.AcontracthasbeendefinedasanagreementwhichdirectlycreatesandcontemplatesC.

A.ademandB.agameC.anobligationD.anengi^ement

92.Whenweenterintocontractswearewillingto_C_fortheservicewereceive.

A.enjoyB.haveC.payD.appreciate

93.IfthereisnowrittenagreementandCarisesinrespectofthecontract

A.amendmentB.anappointmentC.adisputeD.aquarrel

94.Therubber-tiredtractorunitshavedifficultyinoperatingonD,slipperyroadbeds.

A.looseB.dryC.driedD.wet

95.ThereareAvariablesineardimoving.

A.manyB.lessC,differentD.no

96.ThetermDdeserbesthefilladdedabovethelowpointsalongtheroadwaytoraise(heleveltothebottomofthepavanent

structure.

A.siteclearingB.excavationC.earthmovingD.embankment

97.MaterialforBcommonlycomesfromroadwaycutsordesignatedborrowareas.

A.excavationB.embankmentC.earthmovingD.siteclearing

98.Ccontrolislargelyamatterofconductingthespecifiedprocedure.

A.TechniquesB.DevicesC.FieldD.Moisture

99.ModempracticerequiresthatembankmentcaistructionbeAexecutedandcontrolled.

A.carefullyB.ui^ntlyC.easilyD.hardly

100.ConstructionofpavementoverhghfillsoftenwasBforayearormoreaftercompletionofthefilltoallowthesettlementto

occur

AaheadB.deferredC.advancedD.thesametime

101.NearlyBvegetablemattershouldberemovedfromtheaigiiialgroundaixifillmaterial.

A.noB.allC.notallD.some

102.AtrackorwheeltypebulldozerisDtoearthmovingofconsiderablylonghauls.

A.usedB.suitableC.adaptedD.notsuitable

103.LooserockishandledbyAunitsasisdonewith'common'excavation.

A.tractor-scraperB.push-loadedscraperC.powershovelD.roller

104.Thehighw缈canrequirementalandAresponse,

A.physicalB.chemicalC.socialD.phonological

105.Theneedsgeneratedby(hegreatincreaseDvehclenumbersandkilometersofroadhavegivenrisetomajorresearch

programsintrafficplanning.

A.onB.atC.underD.in

106.TerminologyconcernedBhighwaypreservationvariesconsiderablyfromcountrytocountry.

A.inB.withC.withoutD.through

107.HighwayimprovementisalsoakeyfactorBpreventingaccidents.

A.offB.inC.onD.at

108.TheactualdegreeofsafetyoneexperiencesonagivenhighwayisdeterminedbydecisionsmadeonBlevels.

A.sameB.differentC.distinguishedD.undistinguished

109.PublicagenciestypicallydictatethemajorconstraintswithinwhichthesedesigndecisionsareAmade

A.tobeB.beenC.betoD.being

II0.Finally,individualmotoristsmakedecisionsregardingtheirownsafetyCtheyselectspeed,routefortheircars.

A.atB.toC.asD.in

111.SafehighwaysareCanditappearsthat(hedrivingpublicdoesnotwantsafehighways.

A.inexpensiveB.cheapC.expensiveD.cost

II2.Peopledonotwanttopay(hecostsandsuffertherestrictionsnecessarytoproduceAintraffic.

A.safetyB.dangerousC.urgentD.safe

113.ItisoftenAtodeterminethetrueconditionofavehicleafteracrash.

A.impassibleB.easyC.possibleD.apt

114.NofiguresBavailabletojustifyit

A.isB.areC.amD.was

115.Forthedriver'svision,inthebodyoftheautomobile,bothsideandrearwindowshavebeengreatlyDinarea.

A.shortenedB.lackedC.smallD.enlaced

116.Anotha-improvementindrivervisibilityistheintroductionoftheremote-controlledBrearviewmirror.

A.insideB.outsideC.undergroundD.top

117.Thesafeperfbnnanceofthebrakesystem_C_hightemperatureshasbeenensured.

A.inB.atC.underD.on

118.RelocationandreductionintheheightofthebrakepedalhasmeantthatthebrakecanbeappliedArapidly.

A.muchB.moreC.lotD.rather

119.TheuseofuniformtrafficcontroldeviceswillreducedriverreactiontimeAconfusion.

A.aswellasB.asgoodasC.asmuchasD.aslongas

120.Removal,relocationandredesignoffixedobstructions,canprovideaclearCareaforvehiclesoutofcontrol.

A.safeB.hazardousC.recoveryD.dangerous

121.\fchicularsafetydesignusuallycentersBprotectingthedriverandhispassengers.

A.inB.uponC.underD.up

122.Thehighwayconstructionm舒alsocauseDimpactsonthesurroundings.

A.helpfulB.favorableC.profitableD.adverse

123.Thedesignedhighwayalignmentmustmeetthetechnical_B_ofthehighwayengineering.

A.strategyB.standardC.philosophyD.policy

124.Aisagapgradedmaterialwithlesscoarseaggregate.

A.HotrolledasphaltB.PorousasphaltC.AsphaltbconcreteD.Densebitumenmacadam

125.Inthiscase,thickness,moisturecontrol,andthenumberofpassesbyarollerofspecifiedtypeandweightareA.

A.predeterminedB.notdeterminedC.unknownD.postdetermined

126.BistheconventionallocationtechniqueIbrhighway.

ARemotesensingB.GroundsurveyC.TotalstationD.Photogrammetry

127.ABisonlyusedformeasuringtheverticalheightsofobjects.

A.levelB.totalstationC.transitD.tape

128.IfPartyAcommissionsPartyBtoexecutetheconstiuctionwork,thenPartyBisreferredtoasB

A.theemployerB.thecontractorC.thetendererD.thecarrier

129.Theforce-accountworkshouldbecheckedandapproveddailybyD.

A.theemployerB.thecontractorC.thecarrierD.bothAandB

130.Aisnotadvanl空eofhighwaytransportation.

A.FastspeedB.Flexibility

C.Providingdoor-todoorserviceD.Carryingavarietyofparcelsizes

二.3^：

131.EngineersoftenworkasconsultantstoarchitccUiralorconstructionfirms.

132.Ybungengineersmaychoosetogointoenvironmentalorsanitaryengineering.

133.ItEsufficientinordertocreateafegallybndhg,ifthepartiesexpresstheiragreementandintentiontoenterhtosucha

contract

134.Onepartytothecontractisliableforbreachofcontractifhefailstoperibrmhispartoftheagreement

135.Clearingthesiteprecedesallgradingandmostotherconstructionoperations.

136.Looserockincludesmaterialssuchasrottenorweatheredrock,orearthmixedwithboulders.

137.Noattemptwasmadetocontrolmoisturecontentortosecurecompaction.

138.Theredesignofwindshieldwipers,freshairventilatingsystems,hadresultingreatervehiclesafety.

139.Thesafeperfonnanceofthebrakesystemhasbeenensuredbytheuseofheavy-dutybrakefluid.

140.Relocationandreductioninheightofthebrakepedalhasmeantthatthedriver'stotalreactiontimehasbeenreduced.

141.Areasofresearchconnectedwithcivilengineeringincludesoilmechanicsandsoilstabilizationtechniques.

142.Modemcement,calledPortlandcemen[—.wasinventedin1824.

143.Materialforemtxuikmentcommonlycomesfromroadwaycutsordesignatedborrowareas

144.Causesofautomobileaccidentscanbecategorizedintofourmajorgroups:thevehicles,theroad,thedriventhe_pcdcstrain.

145.Anotherimprovanenlindrivervisibilityistheintroductionoftheremote-conlrolledoutsiderearviewmirror.

146.Rocknearlyalw缈smustbedrilledandblastedthenloadedwithafront-endloaderorpowershovelintotrucksorother

haulingunits.

147.Thethreeforcesthatcanactonastructureareverticalforce,horizontalforce,andthosethatactuponitwitharotatingor

turningmotion.

148.Highwaypavementsaredividedintotwomaincat^ories:rigid_andflexible.

149.Flexiblepavementsarefurtherdividedintothreesubgroups:hightype,intermediateandlowtype.

150.Theconstructingstepsoftlietransportationsystemaretoplan,design,build,operateand_maintain.

151.Theunitpricecontractisadaptedtohighwayengineering,becauseusuallyitisnotpossibletodetermineexactquantitiesofsome

itemsofworkbefore,constructioniscompleted.

152.Theword'contract'isderivedfromtheLatin"contractiim\meaningdrawntogether

153.Asastructuralmaterial,theenonnousadvantageofsteelisits(ensileslrength

154.Jiiahwaytransportationisthedominanttrarsportationmodeinpassengertravd.

155.ThePortlandcementconcretecommonlyusedfbrrigidpavementsconsstsofPortlandcement,coarse^gregale,「ineaggregate,

water

156.Rigidhighwaypavementcanbedividedintothreegeneraltypes:plainconcretepavements,simplyreinforcedconcreteand_

continuouslyreinforcedconcretepavements.

157.Thesimplestandgenerallyleastcostlyformofinterchangeisthediamond—.

158.Ifdistancesaregreatandtimeisatapremium,airtransportationwillbeselected.

159.Signingforfreew^sshouldbeplannedconcurrentlywiththegeometrydesign.

160.Miyordrainagestructuresareusuallylargebridgesandmulti-spanculverts.

161.Theweightofthestructureitselfisknownasdeadload.

162.Prestressedconcreteisanimprovedformofreinforcement.

163.Asimplccontractconsistsofanagreemententeredintobytwoormoreparties.

164.Thissumisknownas'retentionmoney'andservestoinsuretheemployeragainstanydefects(hatmayariseinthework.

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