2022年大学英语考试模拟卷198测

2022年大学英语考试模拟卷

（本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。）

单位:姓名：考号：

题号单选题多项选择判断题综合题总分

分值

得分

一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意）

1.WhatdidtheJapaneseinvestorsworryabout

A.Russia'spoorbusinessenvironment.

B.Russia'stariffbarriers.

C.Russia'sinvestmentpolicies.

D.Russia'seconomicreforms.

2.WhendidIsraelstoptransferringcustomsandtaxfundstothe

PaIestinianAuthority

A.Lastweek.

B.Wednesday.

C.LastSeptember.

D.LastMonth.

3.WhydotherebelsandparamiIitariesfighteachother

A.Tocontrolthegovernment.

B.Tocontrolthepeasants.

C.Tocontrolthearmy.

D.Tocontrolthecocafields.

4.Wheredotheyounghatch

A.Inahole.

B.Inthewater.

C.Underthemother?stail.

D.InthemotherJsmouth.

5.WhatkindofdisputestrainstherelationshipbetweenJapanandRussia

A.Debts.

B.Ideology.

C.Territory.

D.Economic.

6.Howcanweavoidaworldwidewatershortageinthefuture

A.Wecaninventwaysofincreasingrainfall.

B.Wecandevelopwaysofreusingwater.

C.Wemayuselesswater.

D.Wemaybuildfewersteelplants.

7.{{B}}{{I}}Questions21and22arebasedonthefollowingnews.Atthe

endofthenewsitem,youwiIIbegiven10secondstoanswerthetwo

questions.NowIistentothenews.{{/I}}{{/B}}

AccordingtoPakistan,whatkindofsupportdoesitgivetotherebels

A.Financial.

B.Technology.

C.Weapon.

D.Moral.

8.WhydoesthecrocodiIeputherbabiesinhermouth

A.Tokeepthemwarm.

B.Toprotectthemfromharm.

C.Totransportthemtothewater.

D.Tocleanthem.

9.Whichofthefollowingistrue

A.Watercanbeusedonlyonce.

B.Usedwatercanberecycled.

C.Recycledwaterisunfitfordrinking.

D.Onlyrainwaterisdrinkable.

10.Howlongdoesthemotherwaitfortheyoungtohatch

A.Fiveweeks.

B.Tenweeks.

C.Twelveweeks.

D.Fifteenweeks.

11.Whatwasthefundraisedfor

A.ForearthquakedisasterinAfrica.

B.FordevastatedfloodinAfrica.

C.ForfaminereliefinAfrica.

D.FordiseaseaffectedareainAfrica.

12.{{I}}Questions9and10arebasedonthefollowingnews.Atthe

endofthenewsitem,youwiIIbegiven10secondstoanswereachquestion.

NowIistentothenews.({/I)}

HowdidhewanttobringabouttruedemocracyinHaiti

A.Byreleasingalloppositionpoliticians.

B.Byarmingthepublic.

C.Throughpopularinsurrection.

D.Throughelection.

13.Policewomen

A.worktogetherwithpolicemenonthegraveyard.

B.dothesamethingaspolicemen.

C.canhavedaysoffbutpolicemencannot.

D.don'thavetoworkdouble-backs.

14.

{{BHTEXTA({/B}}

AnairIinertravelIingfromLondontoNewYorkmaytakefromfiveto

fifteenhourstocrosstheAtIantic,whileaspacecapsulemakesone

compIetecircuitoftheearthinaboutninetyminutes.Thesequenceof

eventsisverysimilarinbothtypesoffIight:thevehiclemusttake

off,climbtoasuitabIeheight,flyintherightdirectionatarelatively

constantspeedforanappropriatetime,descend,andlandatthe

destination.YetalthoughflightstoNewYorkareroutineaffairswhich

almostanyonemaysafeIyundertake,afIightintospaceisahazardous

adventureforwhichonlyafewseIectedmenareatpresentconsidered

suitable.

ThemostobviousdifferencebetweenanaircraftandaspacevehicIe

isthatofspeed,butthisalonecannotaccountforthegreaterstamina

requiredofastronauts.Thehumanbodyisunaffectedbyspeedaloneand

wearenormaIIyquiteunconsciousoftheearth1srotationonitsaxis,

orofitsrapidmotionaroundtheSun.Ofmuchgreaterimportanceisthe

rateatwhichthefinalspeedisachieved,forthebodyisextremely

sensitivetoalterationsofvelocity,oraccelerations,especiallyif

theyaresudden.AnairIinercantakeacomparativelylongtimetoreach

itscruisingspeedof,say,400mph,anditspassengerswiIIexperience

accelerationonlytoamiIddegree.Thespacecapsule,however,mustbe

hurledthroughtheatmospheretoreachitsfinalspeedof18,000mphas

quicklyaspossible,andtheacceIerationappIiedbytheIaunchingrocket

mustbecorrespondinglyhigh.Thefirstproblemofmannedspaceflight,

therefore,istomatchtheperformanceoftherockettothebody5s

tolerancefor

acceleration,andthisnaturallyinvolvesastudyofthephysiological

effectsofacceleration.

LikealIotheraccelerations,gravityactsuponobjectstoproduce

aforce,andthisforceisexperiencedasweight,oraspressure.Itis

usualandconvenienttoregardtheearth1sgravityasastandardunit,

referredtoasIg,andalsotousetheexpressions"force11and

"acceIeration”asinterchangeabIe.

MostofourknowIedgeofthephysiologicaleffectsofacceleration

hascomefromstudiesonhumancentrifuges,inwhichaccelerationis

producedbyrotationinsteadofbychangingspeed.Ithasbeenfoundthat

humantoleranceisgreatlyaffectedbythedirectioninwhichtheforce

acts.WhentheaccelerationisappIiedinIinewiththelongaxisofthe

body,theearlysymptomsaremerelyofdifficultyinIiftingthearms

andlegs,andofbeingthrustdownintotheseat.Iftheacceleration

israisedto3gorso,visionbecomessIightIymistyorveiled.Asthe

stressisincreasedfurther,thefieldofviewcontractsfromtheedges,

untiIatabout4.5gonlyasmalIpatchofcentralvisionremains.With

yethigheraccelerations,eventhissmalIareaislost,andthisisthe

stateweIIknowntofighterpilotsas"black-out”.Finally,atabout5.5g

to6gconsciousnessislost.

Theremedyfo11owslogically:iftolerancedependsupontheability

ofthehearttopushbloodtothehead,itshouIdbepossibletoreduce

theloadbyshorteningthedistancebetweenheartandbrain.Crouching,

orbendingtheheadforward,wouldbeonesolution,butanevenmore

satisfactoryresultcanbeachievedbyplacingthebodyacrosstheIine

ofthrust.Theeffortneededtopumpbloodtothebrainisthenquite

smaIIffortheheavyfluiddoesnothavetobeIiftedveryfar.Inthis

positionmenhave,withstoodanaccelerationof17gforaperiodofthree

orfourminuteswithoutlossofconsciousness.

Gravityandaccelerationbecomeimportantoncemoreduringthe

re-entryofthespacecapsulethroughtheearth1satmosphere.Inthis

phase,aIIthespeedacquiredatthecostofsomuchfueIduringtheIaunch

mustbelost.DecelerationhasexactIythesamepropertiesand

physiologicaleffectsasacceleration,andthesameprecautionsmustbe

takentoavoidexceedingtheIimitsoftolerance.ThisiswhytheAmerican

planinvoIvesturningthewholecapsuleroundshortlybeforere-entry,

sothatthemanisagainpressedbackintohisprotectivecouch.

Thehighest,andshortest,decelerationoftheentirefIightcomes

atthemomentofimpactwiththelandorwater.Herethelastremnants

ofthespeedmustbelostverysuddenly,andforcesofupto30gcaneasily

accompanydescenttoanunyieldingsurface.Thedurationofthisfinal

insultissoshort,however,thatitsphysiologicaleffectsare

negIigibIe.NodoubttheastronautwouldregardthejoltasaweIcome

indicationofhisreturntoanormal1genvironment.

Whatisthepassagemainlyconcernedabout

A.Physiologicalproblemsofspaceflight.

B.Speedandgravityofspaceflight.

C.Gravityandaccelerationofspaceflight.

D.Accelerationanddecelerationofspaceflight.

15.{{B}}Getridofwaste{{/B}}.OncethefundamentaIinfrastructure

isinpIace,theconceptofthe"extendedenterprise"comesintoplay.

It1snotjustaboutintegratednlowest-cost"manufacturingand

streamIineddistributionprocesses,aIthoughbotharekeycomponents.

11invoIvestakingwasteoutoftheentirevaluechainthrougheffectively

impIementingtechnoIogy,aIongwithbuiIdingstrongaliiancesand

partnerships.TakeGeneralElectric(GE),whohasinformeditssuppliers

thatitwi11conductitsentireprocurementprocessontheInternetvia

electronicprocurementcommunities.Soifacompanywantstodobusiness

withGE,itneedstodoitGE5sway-online.{{B}}Knowthe

customers.{{/B}}Best-practicecompaniestodayhaveadeepunderstanding

oftheircustomerbaseandtheirIeveIsofsatisfactionwiththeir

productsandservices.E-businesswi11haveadramaticimpactonthose

companieswhocontinuetomarkettheirproductsandservicesviathe

costIyface-to-facedirectsellingmodeI.CompanieswhofosteronIine

communitiesandcommunicationswiththeircustomerswi11enjoycustomer

IoyaItyandmarketshare.Informationispower.Finally,noneofthe

otherthreecornerstonesisverymeaningfuIwithoutaccurateprofit

information.ThestreamIiningprocessisimpossiblewithoutclearand

accurateinformationaboutthecompany5sactivitiesandcosts.Knowing

whichcustomerstonurtureandwhichonesrequiremoreeffort-evena

modificationofproductandservicedeliverymodeIsiscriticalto

understandingcustomerprofitabiIity.Makingupprofitdeficienciesnin

volume11fromonecustomersetsubsidizinganotherisanoxymoronina

worldofcustomproductsandservices.Inaworldwhereeachcustomer

canspecifyexactIywhathewants,voIumeproductdissoIvesintolotsizes

ofone.Ifyouthinkyouhaveprofitmarginsqueezetoday,imaginehow

muchtighterthingscanbecomewhenyourcustomerscancompareshops

online!KnowIedgeoftruecostsisimperative.

Whatistheauthor1smainintentioninwritingthepassage

A.Totellwhyyoushouldshifttoe-business.

B.Toinformyouofsomestepstobringyourbusinessonline.

C.Tosuggestthate-businesswillreplacetheconventionalbusinessmodel.

D.Toadviceyoutoregardthefourcornerstonesasyoure-businessmodel.

16.{{B}}TEXTD{{/B}}

Notsurprisingly,interactionamongpeopIesofdifferentculturesis

oftenfilledwithuncertaintiesandevendifficulties.Takethematter

ofntheIanguageofspace",identifiedbytheanthropologistEdwardT.

Hall.HenotesthatArabstendtogetveryclosetootherpeople,close

enoughtobreatheonthem.WhenArabsdonotbreatheonaperson,itmeans

thattheyareashamed.ButAmericansinsistonstayingoutsidetherange

ofotherpeople1sbreath,viewingtheodourasdistastefuI.Arabsask,

"WhyareAmericanssoashamedTheywithholdtheirbreath.nAmericans

onthereceivingendwonder,“WhyaretheArabssopushy”Americans

typica11ybackawayasanArabcomesclose,andtheArabfollows.Such

differencescanhaveseriousconsequences.ForexampIetanArabbusiness

representativemaynottrustanAmericanwhobacksoff.AndtheAmerican

maydistrusttheArabforseemingsopushy.

Cultureisataken-for-grantedaspectofIife,onewecommonIy

overlookaswegoaboutourdailyactivities.YetittouchesalIaspects

ofourIives.AlexanderAlland,Jr.asociologist,providesthefollowing

description:

IrememberwatchingabIindstudentseveralyearsagowalkingacrossthe

campusofalargestateuniversity.HeguidedhimseIfwithacane,tapping

itagainstthesidewaIkwhichraninspokesfrombuiIdingtobuiIding.

Althoughheknewthecampuswell,onthatparticularoccasionhebecame

distractedforamomentandwanderedontothegrass,whereheimmediateIy

lostalIsenseofdirection.Hismovementsbecamedisorganisedashe

searchedhopeIessIyforabitofcement.HebecamevisiblypaniekeduntiI

apassingstudentcameupandledhimbacktotheappropriatepath.Once

againhewasabletocontinuetowardhisclassunaided.

Iwasstruckbythesimilaritiesofthissituationtothesituationof

aIIhumanbeingswhohavegrownupwithinaparticularsociaIenvironment.

OutofanincrediblyIargenumberofpossiblewaysofIivingsuccessfuIIy,

alInormalhumanbeingsoperatewithinanarrowframeworkofconvention.

TheconventionissometimesIimitingandperhapstocertain

individualsunsatisfying,butitprovidesasetofruleswhichactas

guideIinesforaction.

Whatdoes"theIanguageofspace"referto

A.Languageusedinspacescience.

B.Languageusedbypeoplesofdifferentcultures.

C.Languagethatmaycausemisunderstandingbetweenpeople.

D.Oneofthenon-verballanguages.

17.{{B}}TEXTB{{/B}}

Christmasisasadseason.ThephrasecametoCharIieaninstantafter

thealarmclockhadwokenhimandnamedforhimanamorphousdepression

thathadtroubledhimalIthepreviousevenhag.Theskyoutsidehiswindow

wasblack.Hesatupin-bedandpulledtheIightchainthathunginfront

ofhisnose.Christmasisaverysaddayoftheyear,hethought.OfalI

themillionsofpeopIeinNewYork,Iampracticallytheonlyonewho

hastogetupinthecoldblackof6a.m.onChristmasDayinthemorning;

Iampracticallytheonlyone.

Hedressed,andwhenhewentdownstairsfromthetopfloorofthe

roominghouseinwhichheIived,theonlysoundsheheardwerethecoarse

soundsofsleep;theonlyIightsburningwereIightsthathadbeen

forgotten.CharIieatesomebreakfastinanalI-nightlunchwagonand

tookaneIevatedtrainuptown.FromThirdAvenue,hewaIkedovertoSutton

Place.Theneighbourhoodwasdark.Houseafterhouseputintotheshine

ofthestreetIightsawalIofblackwindows.MillionsandmiIIionswere

sleeping,andthisgenerallossofconsciousnessgeneratedanimpression

ofabandonment,asifthiswerethefa11ofthecity,theendoftime.

Heopenedtheiron-and-glassdoorsoftheapartmentbuiIdingwhere

hehadbeenworkingforsixmonthsasanelevatoroperator,andwent

throughtheeIegantlobbytoalockerroomattheback.Heputonastriped

vestwithbrassbuttons,afalseascot,apairofpantswithaIightblue

stripeontheseam,andacoat.Thenightelevatormanwasdozingonthe

littlebenchinthecar.CharIiewokehim.Thenightelevatormantold

himthicklythatthedaydoormanhadbeentakensickandwouldn9tbe

inthatday.Withthedoormansick,CharIiewouldn5thaveanyrelief

forlunch,andalotofpeopIewouldexpecthimtowhistleforcabs.

CharIiehadbeenondutyafewminuteswhen14rang-Mrs.Hewing,who,

hehappenedtoknow,waskindofimmoral.Mrs,Hewinghadn,tbeento

bedyet,andshegotintotheelevatorwearingalongdressunderher

furcoat.ShewasfoIIowedbyhertwofunnyIookingdogs.Hetookher

downandwatchedhergooutintothedarkandtakeherdogstothecurb.

Shewasoutsideforonlyafewminutes.Thenshecameinandhetookher

upto14again.Whenshegotofftheelevator,shesaidr"MerryChristmas,

Charlie.H

1nn

"WeiIritisntmuchahoiidayforme,Mrs.Hewing,hesaid.Ithink

Christmasisaverysadseasonoftheyear.Itisn'tthatpeopIearound

hereain'tgenerous-ImeanIgotpIentyoftips-but,yousee,IIive

aloneinafurnishedroomandIdonJthaveanyfamiIyoranything,and

Christmas\sntmuchofahoIidayforme.

"Tmsorry,Charlie,"Mrs.Hewingsaid.nIdon'thaveanyfamiIy

myseIf,Itiskindofsadwhenyou'realone,isntitnshecalledher

dogsandfoIIowedthemintoherapartment.Hewentdown.

Itwasquietthen,andCharIieIitacigarette.Theheatingplantin

thebasementencompassedthebuiIdingatthathourinaregularand

profoundvibration,andthesullennoisesofarrivingsteamheatbegan

toresound,firstinthelobbyandthentoreverberateupthroughalI

5

thesixteenstories,butthiswasamechanicaIawakeningvanditdidn

tIightenhisIoneIinessorhispetuIance.ThebIackairoutsidethegIass

doorshadbeguntoturnblue,buttheblueIightseemedtohavenosource;

itappearedinthemiddleoftheair.ItwasatearfulIight,andhewanted

tocry.Thenacabdroveup,andtheWalsersgotout,drunkanddressed

ineveningclothes,andhetookthemuptotheirpenthouse.TheWalsers

gothimtobroodaboutthedifferencebetweenhisIifeinafurnished

roomandtheIivesofthepeopIeoverhead.Itwasterrible.

AlIthefollowingstatementsmayaccountforthesadnessfeltbyCharIie

onChristmasEXCEPT.

A.hehadtogetupearlytoworkonChristmasmorning

B.hefeltlonely

C.hehadasenseofinferiority

D.hewaspoor

18.Thecampaign"comicreIiefnhasoverwhelminglygotthesupportfrom

A.allwalksoflifeinsociety.

B.onlyshopassistantsandschoolchildren.

C.TVweatherforecastersandaforeignofficespokesman.

D.schoolchildrenandsomeforeignofficeworkers.

19.{{I}}Questions9and10arebasedonthefollowingnews.Atthe

endofthenewsitem,youwi11begiven10secondstoanswereachquestion.

NowIistentothenews.{{/I}}

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutMr.Dejoie*sdetention

A.Mr.DejoiewasdetainedbecausehemadeatriptotheUnitedStates

andCanadasecretly.

B.Mr.Dejoie,scallforpopularuprisinginHaitiledtohisdetention.

C.Mr.Dejoiewasdetainedaslongas48hours.

D.Mr.Dejoiewasheldinprisononachargeofincitingpublicdisorder.

20.{{BHTEXTE{{/B}}

ABetterChoice

Thenexttimeyouoverhearafriendorco-workerchatteringexcitedly

aboutSOHO,don'tassumethattheyaretalkingaboutNewYork.Intoday1

sbusinessworldSOHOrefersto"SmalIOffice/HomeOfficeM,oneoftoday1

sbiggestexplosionsintheeconomy.Thehome-basedbusinesshasbeen

bornoutofnecessity.InanerawhenlargecorporationsaIwaysthink

ofdownsizing,whatareyourotherchoices

YourchoicesareusuallyIimited:findalucrativenicheinthesmalI

businessworld,standinlineatunemployment,oracceptacutinpay

andbenefits.WewerealIraisedtogive9hoursworkfor8hourspay,

andwearenotbackingawayfromthat.Bossesdon'tunderstandthatyou

justputbracesonyourchild'steethandnowhavetopayforthem.In

thiseconomicclimate,wherecost-cuttingmeasuresaretheorderofthe

day,settingupahomeofficeonyourownmayjustbethetickettobeat

theodds.Sonow,toconfigureyourownsmalIoffice,homeofficeset-up

canbeabreeze.HowtoStart

Let'scongratulateyouonyourdecisiontostartyourownbusiness.

ButwheredoyougofromherePaperclipsymemopad,phoneand

table-aImostbutnotquite.Oneofthefaultscommittedbyhome-based

businessownersotherwiseknownasasmalIoffice/homeofficeisthat

theyfaiItoconsiderthepossibiIitiesofexpansion.

Itisfinetostartworkingfromthekitchentablebutwhathappens

whenthingsstarttotakeoffandyoustill,donotwanttohaveanoffice

spaceWheredoyoupIacethehomeofficeIfyouhavethespace,Ihighly

suggestaroomuntoitseIf.ThispermitsyoutocIosethedoorandseparate

yourpersonalIifefrombusiness.Youareabletoleaveeverythingyou

areworkingonrightwhereitiIinsteadofhavingtocIean-upfordinner

ortogotobed.Theseclean-upstepscanleadtoproblemsdowntheroad.

Whereyouanchorthehomeofficeisimportantforyourfuturesuccess.

AcornerintheIivingroom,bedroomoratticispreferableifyoudo

nothavearoomsolelyforyourbusiness.Reasonsfortheseparation

incIudefewerdistractionsandtheabiIitytothinkandfocusmorecIearIy.

Andyoumayhavetohaveoneortwoclientscometoyour"office"in

theIifetimeofyourbusiness.Eventhoughitisyourhome,youwantto

presentthebestprofessionalatmospherepossible,whichisvery

importantifyouhavepeopIeworkingwithyou.Theirproductivityis

importanttoyourbottomIine.Investintheappropriatechairs,tables,

IightingandventiIationbeforeyouinvestinthepaperclipsandthe

stapler.Ifyouarenotcomfortable,neitheryounoryourempIoyeeswiII

staythereandfinishthejob.Bottomline:YourempIoyeesdon'twant

tointeractorbecomeapartofyourfamiIyissues.Itisfinetohave

empIoyeesinyourhomebutjustmakesureyousupplythemwiththebest

workingatmospherepossible,

ThePopularityofBeingSOHO

Reportedly,home-basedworkersearnmoremoney.The46million

home-basedworkersintheUS,includingalargenumberofwomen,working

athomeinanattempttobetterbalanceworkandfamily,earn28%more

thantheaverageofficeworker,andspendlesstimemakingtheirpay.

Ofcoursethiscouldbedue,inpart,tothefactthatmoreexperienced

andaggressiveworkerstendtostarttheirownbusinesses.

Remember,goingintobusinessonyourownorfromahomeofficemay

meanmakingdowithless.Butitcanalsomeanachievingmore:more

independence,morechailengestmoreresults.InthelongrunitmayweII

meanmoremoneyforyouandyourfamily.Inaword,doingitonyourown

meansfreedom,togrow,experimentandlearn.Ifyouaresuccessful,you

won5thavetogoaskforaraiseoracceptwhatyou5regivenorworry

aboutbeingturnedouttopasturewhenayoungerversionofyourselfcomes

aIone.YouwiIIhavethefreedomtoenjoytheprofitsofyourownwork,

andthecontinuinggrowthandprofitwhichcomesfromowningyourown

business.Goodluckandenjoythejourney.

Accordingtothepassage,thejoyofSOHOmainlyIiesin.

A.earningeasymoneyathome

B.makingalifewhilemakingaliving

C.avoidingthecomplexofficepolicies

D.havingmorefuntoworkathome

21.

{{B}}TEXTA({/B}}

AnairIinertravelIingfromLondontoNewYorkmaytakefromfiveto

fifteenhourstocrosstheAtIantic,whileaspacecapsulemakesone

compIetecircuitoftheearthinaboutninetyminutes.Thesequenceof

eventsisverysimilarinbothtypesoffIight:thevehiclemusttake

off,climbtoasuitabIeheight,flyintherightdirectionatarelatively

constantspeedforanappropriatetime,descend,andlandatthe

destination.YetaIthoughflightstoNewYorkareroutineaffairswhich

almostanyonemaysafeIyundertake,afIightintospaceisahazardous

adventureforwhichonlyafewseIectedmenareatpresentconsidered

suitable.

ThemostobviousdifferencebetweenanaircraftandaspacevehicIe

isthatofspeed,butthisalonecannotaccountforthegreaterstamina

requiredofastronauts.Thehumanbodyisunaffectedbyspeedaloneand

wearenormallyquiteunconsciousoftheearth1srotationonitsaxis,

orofitsrapidmotionaroundtheSun.Ofmuchgreaterimportanceisthe

rateatwhichthefinalspeedisachieved,forthebodyisextremely

sensitivetoalterationsofvelocity,oraccelerations,especiallyif

theyaresudden.AnairIinercantakeacomparativelylongtimetoreach

itscruisingspeedof,say,400mph,anditspassengerswiIIexperience

accelerationonlytoamiIddegree.Thespacecapsule,however,mustbe

hurledthroughtheatmospheretoreachitsfinalspeedof18,000mphas

quicklyaspossible,andtheacceIerationappIiedbytheIaunchingrocket

mustbecorrespondinglyhigh.Thefirstproblemofmannedspaceflight,

therefore,istomatchtheperformanceoftherockettothebodyJs

tolerancefor

acceleration,andthisnaturallyinvolvesastudyofthephysiological

effectsofacceleration.

LikealIotheraccelerations,gravityactsuponobjectstoproduce

aforce,andthisforceisexperiencedasweight,oraspressure.Itis

usualandconvenienttoregardtheearth5sgravityasastandardunit,

referredtoasIg,andalsotousetheexpressions"force11and

"acceleration"asinterchangeable.

MostofourknowIedgeofthephysiologicaleffectsofacceleration

hascomefromstudiesonhumancentrifuges,inwhichaccelerationis

producedbyrotationinsteadofbychangingspeed.Ithasbeenfoundthat

humantoleranceisgrea