2021高考英语(三月)阅读类自练(7)及答案(济南市)

2021高考英语（三月）阅读类自练（7）及答案（济南市）阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Doyouknowhowitiswhenyouseesomeoneyawnandyoustartyawningtoo?Orhowharditistobeamongpeoplelaughingandnotlaughyourself?Well,apparentlyit’sbecausewehavemirrorneurons(神经元)inourbrains.Putsimply,theexistenceofmirrorneuronssuggeststhateverytimeweseesomeoneelsedosomething,ourbrainsimitate(仿照)it,whetherornotweactuallyperformthesameaction.Thisexplainsagreatdealabouthowwelearntosmile,talk,walk,danceorplaysports.Buttheideagoesfurther:mirrorneuronsnotonlyappeartoexplainphysicalactions,theyalsotellusthatthereisabiologicalbasisforthewayweunderstandotherpeople.Mirrorneuronscanundoubtedlybefoundalloverourbrains,butespeciallyintheareaswhichrelatetoourabilitytouselanguages,andtounderstandhowotherpeoplefeel.Researchershavefoundthatmirrorneuronsrelatestronglytolanguage.Agroupofresearchersdiscoveredthatiftheygavepeoplesentencestolistento(forexample:“Thehandtookholdoftheball”),thesamemirrorneuronsweretriggeredaswhentheactionwasactuallyperformed(inthisexample,actuallytakingholdofaball).Anyproblemswithmirrorneuronsmaywellresultinproblemswithbehavior.Muchresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewithsocialandbehavioralproblemshavemirrorneuronswhicharenotfullyfunctioning.However,itisnotyetknownexactlyhowthesediscoveriesmighthelpfindtreatmentsforsocialdisorders.Researchintomirrorneuronsseemstoprovideuswithevermoreinformationconcerninghowhumansbehaveandinteract(互动).Indeed,itmayturnouttobetheequivalent(相等物)forneuroscienceofwhatEinstein’stheoryofrelativitywasforphysics.Andthenexttimeyoufeeltheurgetocoughinthecinemawhensomeoneelsedoes—well,perhapsyou’llunderstandwhy.1.Mirrorneuronscanexplain.A.whywecrywhenwearehurtB.whywecoughwhenwesufferfromacoldC.whywesmilewhenweseesomeoneelsesmileD.whyweyawnwhenweseesomeoneelsestayuplate2.Theunderlinedword“triggered”inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans“”.A.setoffB.cutoffC.builtupD.brokenup3.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatmirrorneurons.A.relatetohumanbehaviorandinteractionB.controlhumanphysicalactionsandfeelingsC.resultinbadbehaviorandsocialdisordersD.determineourknowledgeandlanguageabilities4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Waystofindmirrorneurons.B.Problemsofmirrorneurons.C.Existenceofmirrorneurons.D.Functionsofmirrorneurons.【参考答案】1—4、CAAD阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Medicaldrugssometimescausemoredamagethantheycure.Onesolutiontothisproblemistoputthedrugsinsideacapsule,protectingthemfromthebody—andthebodyfromthem—untiltheycanbereleasedatjusttherightspot.Therearelotsofwaystotrigger(引发)thisrelease，includingchangingtemperature,acidity,andsoon.Buttriggerscancomewiththeirownrisks—burns,forexample.Now,researchersinCaliforniahavedesignedwhatcouldbeaharmlesstriggertodate:shiningnear­infraredlight(NIR,近红外线)onthedruginthecapsule. Theideaofusinglighttoliberatethedruginthecapsuleisn'tnew.Researchersaroundtheglobehavedevelopedpolymers(聚合物)andothermaterialsthatbegintobreakdownwhentheyabsorbeitherultraviolet(UV,紫外线)orvisiblelight.ButtissuesalsoreadilyabsorbUVandvisiblelight,whichmeansthedrugreleasecanbetriggeredonlyneartheskin,wherethelightcanreachthecapsule.NIRlightlargelypassesthroughtissues,soresearchershavetriedtouseitasatrigger.Butfewcompounds(化合物)absorbNIRwellandgothroughchemicalchanges. ThatchangedlastyearwhenAdahAlmutairi,achemistattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,reportedthatsheandhercolleagueshaddesignedapolymerthatbreaksdownwhenitabsorbsNIRlight.TheirpolymerusedacommerciallyavailableNIR­absorbinggroupcalledo­nitrobenzyl(ONB).Whentheycatchthelight,ONBgroupsfalloffthepolymer,leadingtoitsbreakdown.ButONBisonlyaso­soNIRabsorber,anditcouldbepoisonoustocellswhenitseparatesfromthepolymer. SoAlmutairiandhercolleaguesreportedcreatinganewmaterialforcapsulesthat'sevenbetter.Thisoneconsistsofalongchainofcompoundscalledcresolgroupslinkedinapolymer.Cresolcontainsreactive(易反应的)componentsthatmakeithighlyunstableinitspolymericform,afeatureAlmutairiandhercolleaguesusetotheiradvantage.Afterpolymerizingthecresols,theycapeachreactivecomponentwithalight­absorbingcompoundcalledBhc.WhentheBhcsabsorbNIRlight,thereactivegroupsareexposedandbreakthelongpolymerintotwoshortchains.Shiningadditionallightcontinuesthisbreakdown,potentiallyreleasinganydrugsinthecapsule.What'smore,Almutairisays,Bhcis10timesbetteratabsorbingNIRthanisONBandisnotpoisonoustocells.1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttrigger?A.Temperaturechange.B.NIRlight.C.Aciditychange.D.UVlight.2.WhyisONBunsatisfactory?A.ItbreaksdownwhenitabsorbsNIRlight.B.Itfallsoffthepolymerandtriggersdrugrelease.C.Ithasnotcomeontothemarketuptillnow.D.Itisnoteffectiveenoughandcouldbepoisonous.3.Whichwordcanbeusedtocompletethefollowingprocessofchanges?eq\x(BhcsabsorbNIR.)⇨eq\x(Partofthecresolis.)⇨eq\x(Polymerbreaksdown.)⇨eq\x(Drugisreleased.)A.protectedB.formedC.exposedD.combined【要点综述】这是一篇科技文。怎样使用胶囊？如何让吃药更加平安、疗效更好？文章对此做了介绍。1.B信息理解题。依据第一段最终一句“Now,researchersinCaliforniahavedesignedwhatcouldbeaharmlesstriggertodate:shiningnear­infraredlight(NIR，近红外线)onthedruginthecapsule.”可知答案。 2.D推理推断题。依据第三段最终两句“…ONBgroupsfalloffthepolymer,leadingtoitsbreakdown.”和“…anditcouldbepoisonoustocells…”可知答案。 3.C信息理解题。依据最终一段第五句“WhentheBhcsabsorbNIRlight,thereactivegroupsareexposedandbreakthelongpolymerintotwoshortchains.”可知此处用exposed，即C项正确。【2021界广东省揭阳市一模】完形填空。阅读下面短文，把握其大意，然后从1―15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ItwasalazymorningduringtheChristmasweek.Wewereenjoyingbreakfastwhenthedoorbellrang.Itwasalittlegirl,standingatthedoorwaywithapieceofpaperandafacethatcarriedanexpressionofwant,ratheracommon1duringChristmas.Shemurmuredthatthepaperwasherbooklistandthatshewasgoingaround2moneytobuyherschoolbooks.Mychildrenwentinsideandbroughtsome3forher.Thiskindofincidenthappensveryofteninmyhometown,4duringChristmas.FromwhereIwasseated,Icouldseeherclearly.Shelookedabouttenyearsoldandsheworeadresstoobigforher.Shespokeina5voiceandlookedatmestraightintheeye.Somethingmademegetupand6her.Inanswertomyquestions,shesaidthathermothermadehoppersandshe7thembeforegoingtoschool.Butthehoppermoneywasnotadequateto8thelist;therefore,shewasgoingfromhousetohouseaskingforhelp.Hervoicetoldmethestory;hereyestoldmethatitwas9.IsaidI'dbuyherwhatwasonthelist.Wedrovetoanearbybookstore.Shesat10,withastrangelookonherface.Whentheclerkwastakingallthethingsonthelist,thelittlegirlkeptstaringasifconfused.Perhapsshehadnever11somanynewthingsbefore.Theyweremerelyexercisebooks,pencils,pensandsuchthings.Shewhisperedher12tous.Strange,Ihadn'tbeenawarethatgivingsuch13thingstooneinneed,couldbringmesuchalotofhappiness.Aswedroveback,Icouldseethelittlegirlinthemirror.AllthegiftsIhadgiveninmylifenever14upafacesomuch.Shewasgraspingtheparcel,smilingtoherself.Thetotaleventmadeusallvery15.OurChristmasbecamemoremeaningful.1A.problemB.sightC.momentD.experience2A.borrowingB.receivingC.beggingD.lending3A.clothesB.booksC.foodD.coins4A.absolutelyB.casuallyC.especiallyD.hardly5A.strangeB.politeC.seriousD.loud6A.careforB.speaktoC.smileatD.holdto7A.soldB.neededC.collectedD.used8A.buyB.makeC.coverD.control9A.painfulB.trueC.movingD.interesting10A.happilyB.eagerlyC.anxiouslyD.silently11A.possessedB.boughtC.seenD.accepted12A.surpriseB.satisfactionC.thanksD.pleasure13A.simpleB.wonderfulC.expensiveD.useful14A.litB.madeC.putD.shut15A.confusedB.delightedC.amazedD.relieved1.【答案】B【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。A。难题；B。视力，景象C。瞬间，片刻；D。阅历，经受。由其次段“Thiskindofincidenthappensveryofteninmyhometown,”可知这是一种相当常见的景象。故选B。2.【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词及语境的理解。A。借入；B。接收；C.乞讨，恳求；D。借出。第四段“shewasgoingfromhousetohouseaskingforhelp.”说她寻求挂念，但文章自始至终没提到女孩会还钱。因此，她是在乞讨而不是借。故选C。3.【答案】D【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。A.衣服；B。书；C.食物；D.硬币。由前一句“shewasgoingaround2.beggingmoneytobuyherschoolbooks.”可知孩子们是去给她拿钱了。故选D。4.【答案】C【解析】考查副词及语境的理解。A.确定地，完全地；B.任凭地，偶然地；C.尤其，特殊；D.几乎不。有上下文可知，这种事情尤其是在圣诞节期间经常发生。故选C。5.【答案】B【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解。A.惊异的，生疏的；B.有礼貌的；C.严峻的，严峻的；D.大声的。由于“IsaidI'dbuyherwhatwasonthelist。.”我同意去为她买单子上的东西，说明女孩说话时，很有礼貌。故选B.6.【答案】B【解析】考查动词词组及语境的理解。A.关怀，照看，宠爱；B.对……说话；C.对……微笑；D.坚持，执着，紧握。下一段“Inanswertomyquestions,shesaid……”说明我和她说话了。7.【答案】A【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。A.卖，销售；B.需要；C.搜集；D.使用。由下一句可知她卖掉了妈妈制作的东西。8.【答案】C【解析】考查动词及语境的理解