20 学史明理增信崇德知古鉴今-备考2023年中考英语热点材料题型专练

20在学史中汲取智慧走向未来备考2023年中考英语热点材料真题题型专练一、完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。WeallheardthestoryofNvwapatchingup(修补)theskywithmeltedcolouredstones.Manyyearspassedand___1___brokeoutagain.Oneofthemwasabigflood.ItappearedintheYellowRiverduringtheruleofEmperorYao,andthepeoplewereforcedto___2___theirvillagesandgotoliveintreesormountains.Thefloodbroughtgreat___3___tothepeople’slife.EmperorYaofelt___4___forthesufferingofthepeople,soheaskedGuntosolvetheproblem.Receivingthe___5___,Gunledhisteamtobuilddikes(堤坝)tokeepbackthewaterbutfailed.ThenShun,thenextemperor,orderedGun’ssonYutocontinuewiththeworkafterGundied.Yuacceptedtheworkandfoundthatitwas___6___thanhehadthought.Buthefoughtagainstthegreatfloodbravely.Forthirteenyears,hedevoted(投入)himselftohiswork.Hepassedhishousethreetimesbutdidnot___7___it.Drawingalessonfromhisfather’sfailure,heusedmethodsofchannelinganddredging(挖道和疏浚)andcontrolledthegreatflood___8___.Hedidsomuchforthepeoplethatpeoplecalledhim“YutheGreat”andEmperorShun___9___himasthenextemperor.Yuwonthetrustofhisemperorandthepeoplewithhisgreateffort.Hewassuchawise,strong-mindedandgreatpersonthatheis_____10_____learningfrom.Wewillrememberhimforever.1．A．diseases B．troubles C．wars D．skies2．A．buildup B．giveup C．cleanup D．lookup3．A．hope B．message C．convenience D．damage4．A．doubtful B．shy C．sorry D．peaceful5．A．order B．help C．letter D．gift6．A．easier B．moreinteresting C．moredifficult D．stranger7．A．enter B．remember C．look D．find8．A．successfully B．suddenly C．hardly D．secretly9．A．used B．worked C．described D．chose10．A．useless B．busy C．afraid D．worth【短文大意】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要介绍了大禹治水的故事。【答案解析】1．句意：许多年过去了，麻烦又爆发了。diseases疾病；troubles麻烦；wars战争；skies天空。根据下文“Oneofthemwasabigflood.”可知，洪水爆发，进而猜测麻烦又爆发了。故选B。2．句意：在尧帝统治期间，在黄河流域，人们被迫离开他们的村庄，住在树上或山上。buildup建造；giveup放弃；cleanup打扫干净；lookup抬头看。根据句子的后半部分“gotoliveintreesormountains”可知，人们去住在树林中或大山里，进一步推知人们不得不离开家园即放弃他们的家园。故选B。3．句意：洪水给人们的生活带来了很大的破坏。hope希望；message短信；convenience方便；damage毁坏。根据上文“thepeoplewereforcedto...

theirvillagesandgotoliveintreesormountains”可知，洪水给人们的生活带来巨大的破坏。故选D。4．句意：尧帝对人们的痛苦感到很伤心。doubtful怀疑的；shy害羞的；sorry抱歉的；peaceful和平的。根据“EmperorYaofelt...forthesufferingofthepeople,soheaskedGuntosolvetheproblem.”可推知,sorry符合语境。故选C。5．句意：接到命令，鲧带领他的团队修堤坝以阻挡洪水，但失败了。order命令；help帮助；letter信件；gift礼物。根据上文“heaskedGuntosolvetheproblem”可知，他让Gun去解决这个问题，所以下文应是Gun收到命令。故选A。6．句意：禹接受了这份工作，他发现这比他想的难得多。easier更容易的；moreinteresting更有趣的；moredifficult更困难的；stranger更奇怪的。根据下文“Buthefoughtagainstthegreatfloodbravely.Forthirteenyears,hedevoted(投入)himselftohiswork.Hepassedhishousethreetimesbutdidnot...it.”可知，13年以来,他全身心的投入到这个工作中，甚至三过家门而不入，所以推知，治水要比他想的更困难。故选C。7．句意：他三次经过家门却没有进入。enter进入；remember记住；look看；find发现。根据“Hepassedhishousethreetimesbutdidnot...it.”中的but可知，他三次经过他的家却没有进去。故选A。8．句意：他吸取父亲失败的教训，他用挖道和疏浚的方法成功地控制了洪水。successfully成功地；suddenly突然地；hardly几乎不；secretly秘密地。根据“Drawingalessonfromhisfather’sfailure,heusedmethodsofchannelinganddredging(挖道和疏浚)andcontrolledthegreatflood....”及后文“Hedidsomuchforthepeoplethatpeoplecalledhim“YutheGreat”andEmperorShun...himasthenextemperor.”可知，他吸取了他爸爸的失败教训，采用了疏通的办法，他为人们做了这么多，人们称他为“大禹”而且舜帝选他为下一个大帝，进一步推知他成功地控制住了洪水。故选A。9．句意：他为人民做了这么多以至于人们称他为“大禹”，并且舜帝选他当下一个皇帝。used使用；worked工作；described描述；chose选择。根据“EmperorShun…himasthenextemperor”可知，选他为下一任皇帝，chose符合语境。故选D。10．句意：他是这么一个聪明、坚强和伟大的人，因此他值得我们学习。useless无用的；busy忙碌的；afraid害怕的；worth值得的。根据“Hewassuchawisestrong-mindedandgreatpersonthatheis...learningfrom.”可知，他是一个那么聪明的、意志坚强的、伟大的人，结合选项可知beworthdoing固定短语，“值得做某事”符合语境。故选D。二、阅读单选A篇TheGrandCanalisthemotherriverofYangzhou.Simultaneous(同时)withher,Yangzhoucitywasbuilt,developed,achievedprosperity(繁荣),andevenwentintolessimportancewithherdownfall.PiRixiu,apoetoftheTangDynasty,oncemadethefollowingcommentonEmperorYangoftheSuiDynastywhohadtheGrandCanalbuilt:“EveryonecomplainsthattheSuiDynastyendedbecauseofthecanal;however,itisstillanimportantwayforpeopletotravel.Ifhehadn’thadsomanypalacesanddragonboatsbuilt,hismeritscouldhavebeencomparedwithDayu.”Thepoetnotonlycriticizedtheemperor’sdissolutebehavior,butalsofullyrecognizedhisachievements.Nowadays,theGrandCanalstillshoulderstheresponsibilitiesoftransportingcoalfromtheNorthtotheSouth,transportinggrainfromtheSouthtotheNorth,anddeliveringwaterfromtheSouthtotheNorth.TheancientGuazhouFerryislocatedwheretheancientcanalandtheYangtzeRivermeet.ThefollowingisafamousancientpoemeulogizingtheGuazhouFerry.MoonlightontheSpringRiverbyZhangRuoxu,aYangzhoucitizenintheTangDynasty,describedthebeautifulsceneryofGuazhouofthedimmoonlightwithgentlyflowingriver.Inspringtheriverrisesashighasthesea,Andwiththeriver’stideuprisesthemoonbright,Shefollowstherollingwavesfortenthousandli,Where’ertheriverflows,thereoverflowsherlight.(ZhangRuoxu)Accordingtothegovernment’splanning,everyeffortwillbemadetomaintaintheoriginalstyleoftheancientneighborhoodsandstreetsintheoldtownofGuazhou.11．Wecanknowfromthepassagethat________.A．YangzhoucityachievedprosperityallthetimeB．PiRixiuwasapoetoftheQingDynastyC．theGrandCanalstillplaysanimportantrolenowadaysD．SuiDynastyendedbecauseoftheGrandCanal12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eulogizing”inParagraph2meaninChinese?A．Producing. B．Praising. C．Presenting. D．Painting.13．InZhangRuoxu’spoem,theword“sea”rhymeswith“________”.A．bright B．li C．light D．river14．Thispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundinabookof________.A．culture B．nature C．novel D．food【短文大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了京杭大运河的历史和其重要的航运功能，同时还提到了张若虚写的《春江花月夜》。【答案解析】11．细节理解题。根据文中“Nowadays,theGrandCanalstillshoulderstheresponsibilitiesoftransportingcoalfromtheNorthtotheSouth…”可知，大运河现在还承担着重要的航运功能，因此C选项“大运河今天仍然发挥着重要作用”表述正确。故选C。12．词句猜测题。根据下文“MoonlightontheSpringRiver…describedthebeautifulsceneryofGuazhouofthedimmoonlightwithgentlyflowingriver”可知，《春江花月夜》这首诗描写了一幅江边美丽的夜景，因此推测Praising“赞美”与画线词意思相近。故选B。13．细节理解题。根据文中《春江花月夜》这首诗的英文中的“Inspringtheriverrisesashighasthesea”和“Shefollowstherollingwavesfortenthousandli”可知，“sea”和“li”押韵。故选B。14．推理判断题。阅读全文可知，文章主要介绍了京杭大运河的历史和其重要的航运功能，同时还提到了张若虚写的《春江花月夜》，因此这篇文章最有可能出现在与文化有关的书上。故选A。B篇Duringthesedays,thefilmnamedTheBattleatLakeChangjinisverypopularamongChinesepeople.ItwastheSecondPhaseOffensiveoftheKoreanWar.ButdoyouknowtheBattleofKumsong(金城战役)—thelastfightofthewar?71yearsago,ChinesePeople’sVolunteerArmywenttohelpinthewaragainsttheUSinNorthKorea.ThefilmTheSacrifice(金刚川)issetonJuly12,1953,theseconddayafterthestartoftheBattleofKumsong.Unlikeotherwarfilms,thisfilmisaboutordinarysoldiers.Theylosttheirlivesinordertorebuildabridgeduringthefight.Chinesesoldiersdidn’thaveenoughweaponsandtheairwascontrolledbyAmericanfighters.ZhangYiplayedtheroleofZhangFei,ananti-aircraftgunner(高射炮炮手).Helostonelegandonearm,butheclimbedbacktotheanti-craftgunandshottheUSfighterplane,usinghislastbreathe.Justatthatmoment,youmayfindyouholdyourhandstightly,andthatyouunderstandthelineinournationalsongthatsays“usingourflesh(肉体)andbloodtobuildtheGreatWall”.15．WhichcountrydidChinesePeople’sVolunteerArmygotohelpinthewar?A．Japan. B．SouthKorea. C．NorthKorea. D．America.16．Whatdoes“set”meaninthepassage?A．出发 B．制作 C．上映 D．以……为背景17．What’sthedifferencebetweenTheSacrificeandotherwarfilms?A．It’saboutawarinaforeigncountry. B．It’saboutordinarysoldiers.C．It’sabouttheChinesesoldiers. D．It’saboutAmericanfighters.18．WhatkindofherothesoldierZhangFeiwas?A．Strong. B．Unlucky. C．Brave. D．Smart.19．Whatdoesthewritermainlywanttotellusinthelastparagraph?A．ThewarwasthelastfightofthebattleofKumsong.B．Chinesesoldiersdidn’thaveenoughweapons.C．Americanfighterswerestrongerintheair.D．Oursoldiersusedtheirlivestoprotectourcountry.【短文大意】本文介绍了电影《金刚川》的一些情况，从而告诉我们：我们的士兵用他们的生命来保卫我们的国家。【答案解析】15．细节理解题。根据“ChinesePeople’sVolunteerArmywenttohelpinthewaragainsttheUSinNorthKorea.”可知，中国人民志愿军前往朝鲜帮助对抗美国。故选C。16．词义猜测题。根据“ThefilmtheSacrifice(金刚川)issetonJuly12,1953,theseconddayafterthestartoftheBattleofKumsong.”可知，电影《金刚川》故事发生在1953年7月12日金城战役打响的第二天，是以这为背景的，单词“set”指的是“以……为背景”，故选D。17．细节理解题。根据“Unlikeotherwarfilms,thisfilmisaboutordinarysoldiers.”可知，与其他战争片不同，这部电影讲述的是普通士兵的故事。故选B。18．推理判断题。根据“ZhangYiplayedtheroleofZhangFei,ananti-aircraftgunner(高射炮炮手).Helostonelegandonearm,butheclimbedbacktotheanti-craftgunandshottheUSfighterplane,usinghislastbreathe.”可知，张飞是一个勇敢的战士，故选C。19．段落大意题。根据“...Justatthatmoment,youmayfindyouholdyourhandstightly,andthatyouunderstandthelineinournationalsongthatsays“usingourflesh(肉体)andbloodtobuildtheGreatWall”.”可知，本段主要是说我们的士兵用他们的生命保卫了我们的国家。故选D。C篇TheuseofpapermoneybeganintheTangdynasty,about1200yearsago.Atthattime,itwascalled“flyingcash”becausethewindcouldtakeiteasily.TheuseofpaperbecamepopularinSongdynasty.Everypieceofpaperhadpicturesofhouses,trees,andpeopleonit.Everybillwasinredandblack.Likethemoneyweusetoday,italsohadsomespecialmarksonit.Byhavingthesemarks,itwouldbehelpfultotellwhetherthemoneywasafake.Thenitwouldn’tbesoeasytocounterfeitit.Thepapermoneywasverybeautiful.Thereasonitbecamepopularsoquicklywasthatitwasconvenienttotakeanduse.Peopledidn’thavetotakeheavycoinstoshops.Peoplecoulduseittobuythethingsthattheyneed.Theuseofoldpapermoneyendedin1897.Inthesameyear,Chinastartedtousemodernpapermoney.ButEuropestartedusingitinthe1600s.20．Whatdidn’tpeopledrawonthepapermoney?A．Trees. B．Building. C．People. D．Birds.21．Whatwasnotthereasonthatpapermoneybecamepopular?A．Itwaseasytouse. B．Itwasbeautifultosee.C．Itwasconvenienttobuythings. D．Itwaslighttotake.22．WhichoneisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．ChinesePeopleusedmodernpapermoneyearlierthanEuropeanPeople.B．Modernpapermoneyhasbeenusedforover100years.C．Peoplestoppedusingpapermoneyin1897.D．Thereweremorethantwocolorsontheoldpapermoney.23．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheSecretofPaper B．FlyingCashC．TheHistoryofPaperMoney D．TheImportanceofMoney【短文大意】本文主要介绍了纸币的历史。【答案解析】20．细节理解题。根据“Everypieceofpaperhadpicturesofhouses,trees,andpeopleonit.”可知纸币上有房子、树木和人物图，而没有鸟。故选D。21．细节理解题。根据“Thereasonitbecamepopularsoquicklywasthatitwasconvenienttotakeanduse.Peopledidn’thavetotakeheavycoinstoshops.”可知纸币受欢迎是因为携带方便、买东西方便且很轻，它看起来漂亮不是受欢迎的原因。故选B。22．细节理解题。根据“Theuseofoldpapermoneyendedin1897.Inthesameyear,Chinastartedtousemodernpapermoney.”可知中国与1897年开始使用现代纸币，已经用了超过一百年了。故选B。23．标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了纸币的历史，用“TheHistoryofPaperMoney”做标题最合适。故选C。D篇Hisfriendsandfamilycallhim“BigFeng”becauseheisverytallandplayedbasketballasayoungman.Butheisalsobiginadifferentway—hefightshardtoprotectChina’spast.HisrealnameisFengJicaiandhehaswrittenmanynovelsaboutlifeinChina.Severalyearsago,however,heputdownhispenforawhileandbegantoprotecttheculturalrelics（文化遗产）inTianjinwherehelived.Oncesomeoneaskedhimwhyhenolongerwrote.Herepliedthatatthemomenthefeltprotectingculturalrelicswasmoreimportant.Fengloveshishometown.Hebelievesthatoldthingsmustbegivenaplacenexttonewthings,orpeoplewillsoonforgettheirgreatpast.Hedoesnotmakespeechestogetotherstohelphiminhisprojects.Instead,hegoesoutanddoeswhathecanhimself.Ifothersfollowhim,somuchthebetter.OneofhisbiggestprojectswastoprotecttheoldeststreetinTianjin.Alongthatstreetsomeshopshadbeeninbusinessforsevenhundredyears.Althoughthecitygovernmentrebuiltthisstreet,theydidsaveitsoldestbuilding.Anotherprojectwasmoresuccessful:hesuggestedthecitygovernmentreserve（保留）somelandinthecentreofthecitysoitcouldnotbesoldforbusiness.ThisareaisveryimportantforthehistoryofTianjin.ItwasherethatthecitywasfirstbuiltduringtheSongDynastyLatermanytreasureswerefoundhere.ToFeng,diggingdownintotheearthislikereadingabookpageafterpage.Eachdynastyfoundintheearthislikeaninterestingstory.Notlongago,heandotherwritersandartiststookphotosoftheoldpartsofTianjin.Thephotoswereputintoabookwhichwasverypopular.Themoneyfromthebookhelpshisprojects.Once,anoldmanaskedFengtosignabookforhim,sayinghewouldgiveittohisgrandsonwhowasnotyetborn.Fengwasgladtodoitheknowsthatthepastisnotonlyforustoenjoybutalsoforthechildrenofthefuture.24．WhatdidBigFengdotoprotectoldthingsinTianjin?A．Hehadwrittenmanynovelsaboutthem.B．Hemadespeechestoaskotherstohelphim.C．HeworkedhardanddidwhathecanhimselfD．Herebuilttheoldeststreetinhishometown.25．Whatcanwelearnfromtheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?A．Diggingdownintotheearthisascomfortableasreadingabook.B．Learningmoreaboutculturalrelicshelpsusknowmoreaboutthehistory.C．Bydiggingdownintotheearth,wecandigoutsomeinterestingbooks.D．BigFengisinterestedindiggingdownintotheearthandreadingbooks.26．WhichofthefollowingwillBigFengagreeto?A．Oldthingsshouldgivewaytothenewthings.B．Thegovernmentshouldreservemorelandinthecitycentre.C．Protectingculturalrelicswasasimportantaswriting.D．Childrenofthefutureshouldgettoknowthepast.27．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．BigFengandHisNovels B．AGreatChineseNovelistC．CulturalRelicsinTianjin D．BigFengandHisRescue【短文大意】本文是一篇记叙文。这篇文章主要讲述了作家冯骥才如何参与保护天津的文化遗产的事迹。【答案解析】24．细节理解题。根据“Instead,hegoesoutanddoeswhathecanhimself.”可知，他走出去，做他力所能及的事情去保护天津的古物。故选C。25．词句猜测题。根据“Eachdynastyfoundintheearthislikeaninterestingstory.”可知，地底下发现的每一个朝代，就像一个有趣的故事。说明往地下挖，就像在一页一页地翻看着一本书，说明了解文化遗产可以帮助我们更了解历史。故选B。26．推理判断题。根据“Fengwasgladtodoitheknowsthatthepastisnotonlyforustoenjoybutalsoforthechildrenofthefuture.”可知，冯骥才认为，过去不只是给我们的，同样也是给未来的孩子们的。由此可知，他认为，未来的孩子应该了解过去的故事。故选D。27．最佳标题题。这篇文章主要讲述了作家冯骥才如何参与保护天津的文化遗产的事迹。因此选项D“大冯和他的拯救”作为标题最为合适。故选D。三、阅读回答问题Answerthequestions(根据短文内容回答下列问题)OverahundredyearsagopeopleinLondonweresurprisedtoseeaveryunusualboatcomesailinguptheThamesRiver.Theboatwaseightyfeetlong,flat-bottomed,withbigwoodeneyesonbothsidesinthefrontandwascolourfullypaintedattheback.PeoplecametoknowthatitwasasailingboatfromFuzhouindistantChina.TheboathadsailedroundtheCapeofGoodHope,upthewesterncoastofAfrica,andfinallytoEngland.Ithadcoveredfifteenthousandmiles…morethanhalfofthedistanceroundtheworld.Althoughitwasunexpected,theChinesewerewarmlywelcomed.Theboatcarriedgoods(货物)suchassilkandteaaswellasanumberofgiftsfromtheEmperorofChinafortheQueenofEngland.PeoplehadalwaysmistakenlythoughtoftheChineseasapeoplewhowerenotusedtothesea.However,fromcenturiesoftradingandsailingindangerousseas,theChinesehadlearnedhowtobuildgoodboatsandsailthemwell.ThecomingofthissailingboattoLondonprovedonceagaintheChinesecouldsailtodistantcountriesintheworld.28．WhendidtheChinesesailingboatarriveinLondon?______________________________________________.29．Howlongwastheboat?______________________________________________.30．HowmanymilesdidtheboattraveltoLondon?______________________________________________.31．Whatgoodsdidtheboatcarry?______________________________________________.32．WhatdidtheChineselearntodoatthattime?______________________________________________.33．Whatdidthewriterwanttoproveinthearticle?______________________________________________.【短文大意】本文主要讲述了多年前中国的一艘船到达了伦敦，证明了中国人可以航行到世界上遥远的国家。【答案解析】28．根据“OverahundredyearsagopeopleinLondonweresurprisedtoseeaveryunusualboatcomesailinguptheThamesRiver”可知，一百多年前，伦敦人惊奇地看到一艘非常不寻常的船沿着泰晤士河而来。故填Morethanonehundredyearsago.29．根据“Theboatwaseightyfeetlong”可知，这艘船长80英尺。故填80feetlong.30．根据“Ithadcoveredfifteenthousandmiles”可知，它已经行驶了一万五千英里。故填Fifteenthousandmiles.31．根据“TheboatcarriedgoodssuchassilkandteaaswellasanumberofgiftsfromtheEmperorofChinafortheQueenofEngland”可知，这艘船运载货物有丝绸和茶叶。故填Suchassilkandtea.32．根据“theChinesehadlearnedhowtobuildgoodboatsandsailthemwell.”可知，中国人学会如何建造好船并驾驶好船。故填Tobuildgoodboatsandsailthemwell.33．根据“ThecomingofthissailingboattoLondonprovedonceagaintheChinesecouldsailtodistantcountriesintheworld”可知，这艘帆船来到伦敦，再次证明了中国人可以航行到世界上遥远的国家。故填TheChinesecouldreachmanydistantpartsoftheworldbysea.四、阅读补全短文请阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，在方框内的缩写文章中，填入与短文意思最符合的单词，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。每空一词。YanmenPass,orYanmenguan,locatedinXinzhou,Shanxiprovince,isafamouspassalongtheGreatWall.ItwassetuponYanmenMountainduringtheTangDynastyandwasrebuiltduringtheMingDynasty.Inancienttimes,YanmenPasswasdifficulttogetthrough,soitwasregardedas“themostimportantamongtheninepassesunderheaven”.Itcouldpreventnorthernnomads(游牧民族)fromgettingintocentralChina.Asanoldsayinggoes,“ThenationwouldbesafeifYanmenwasundercontrolandthenationwouldbeendangeredifitlostcontrolofthepass.”Thepassisabout1kilometerlongandtheheightofthewallisabout4meters.TherearethreegatesinYanmenPass,withthecentralgatecalledYanmen,whichmeans“wildgoosegate”.Itwasnamedafterthewildgeesethatwereoftenseenflyingaroundthepass.DuringtheQingDynasty,therewasoftenheavytrafficontheroadsnearYanmenPass,whichoftenledtoargumentsbetweenbusinessmenandthelocalpeople.In1772,thelocalgovernmentsetupastoneplaque(石碑)tomanagethetraffic.Itisoneofthecountry’sfewancienttrafficsignsthatstillexist(存在)today.ThepasswasalsoacustomgateforWangZhaojun,oneofthe“fourgreatbeauties”ofancientChina.TokeeppeacebetweenthenomadsandtheHanpeople,shewassenttomarrytheleaderofagroupofnomads,leavingthewell-knownhistoricalstory“ZhaojunGoesBeyondtheGreatWall”,whichisstillwidespreadtoday.YanmenPassplaysanimportantroleinhistoryandculture.Nowithasbecomeavaluabletreasuretoattracttouristsfromaroundtheworld.YanmenPassinShanxiprovinceisafamouspassalongtheGreatWall.Inancienttimes,it____34____northernnomadsfromgettingintocentralChina.Andpeopleeventhoughtthecountrywouldbein____35____ifitlostcontrolofthepass.YanmenPasshasthreegates,withthecentralgatecalledYanmen.Itwasnamedso____36____wildgeesewereseenflyingaround.Nearthepassexistsaspecialstoneplaquewhichwassetuptomanagethe____37____roadsaroundduringtheQingDynasty.Thepassalsohasafamoushistoricalstory“ZhaojunGoesBeyondtheGreatWall”,whichstillspreads____38____today.Withitsimportanceinhistoryandculture,YanmenPasshasbecomeavaluabletouristattractionaroundtheworld.【短文大意】本文主要介绍了雁门关的相关知识，雁门关在历史文化中扮演着重要的角色。现在它已经成为一个宝贵的财富，吸引来自世界各地的游客。【答案解析】34．根据“ItcouldpreventnorthernnomadsfromgettingintocentralChina.”可知雁门关能阻止北方游牧民族进入中国中部，prevent/stop/keepsb.fromdoingsth.“阻止某人做某事”，结合“Inancienttimes”可知用一般过去时。故填prevented/stopped/kept。35．根据“ThenationwouldbesafeifYanmenwasundercontrolandthenationwouldbeendangeredifitlostcontrolofthepass.”可知如果失去对雁门关的控制，国家将处于危险之中。beindanger“处于危险之中”。故填danger。36．“wildgeesewereseenflyingaround”是被称作雁门关的原因，用as或because表示“因为”，引导原因状语从句。故填as/because。37．根据“DuringtheQingDynasty,therewasoftenheavytrafficontheroadsnearYanmenPass,whichoftenledtoargumentsbetweenbusinessmenandthelocalpeople.In1772,thelocalgovernmentsetupastoneplaquetomanagethetraffic.”可知这一带交通拥挤，此处用busy或crowded表示道路繁忙或拥挤。故填busy/crowded。38．根据“TokeeppeacebetweenthenomadsandtheHanpeople,shewassenttomarrytheleaderofagroupofnomads,leavingthewell-knownhistoricalstory“ZhaojunGoesBeyondtheGreatWall”,whichisstillwidespreadtoday.”可知昭君出塞的故事至今广为流传，用widely表示“广泛地”，副词修饰前面动词。故填widely。五、阅读还原5选5Whenwethinkbacktoourschooldays,wecanremembersomekidshatedhistoryclass.____39____So,what’sthepointoflearningit?Herewe’lltakeacloserlookatwhyhistoryisimportant.Historyhelpsusdevelopabetterunderstandingoftheworld.Wecan’tbuildaframework（框架）whichisbasedonourlifewithoutunderstandinghowthingsworkintheworld.Historypaintsapictureofhowsocietyandtechnologyworkedinthepast.____40____Italsohelpsuslearnhowtofacethefuture,asitallowsustolearnfromthepast.Historyhelpsusunderstandourselves.Tounderstandwhowe’re,weneedtolearnwherewefitintothestoryofourcountry.Historytellsusthestoryofhowournationcametobeeverythingthatitis.Ittellsuswhoourancestors（祖先）are.____41____Moreimportantly,wecanadmire（欣赏）thevaluablethingstheyleftforus.____42____Historyisavaluabletoolwhenitcomestounderstandingthosewhoaredifferentfromus.Historybooksofothercountrieshelpusunderstandhowotherculturesinfluenceourown.That’sexactlywhyeveryoneshouldstudythehistoryoftheworldatschool.Historymakesusbecomebetterdecisionmakers.“Thosewhodon’tlearnhistoryarecertaintorepeatit.”GeorgeSantayanawrotethesewordsover100yearsago.____43____Theyhelpusunderstandthereasonswhypeoplemaybehavethewaytheydo.Asaresult,peoplebecomeaskinderandfairerasdecisionmakers.根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。A．Ittellsyouwheretheycamefrom.B．Sowecanbetterunderstandhowtheyworknow.C．Historyhelpsuslearntounderstandotherpeople.D．However,they’restillimportanttodaybecauseofhowtruethey’re.E．Tothem,historyseemedlikeacollectionofboringnamesanddates.【短文大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了历史帮助我们更好地了解世界，帮助我们了解自己和了解别人。【答案解析】39．根据上文“Whenwethinkbacktoourschooldays,wecanremembersomekidshatedhistoryclass.”可知，一些孩子讨厌历史课，所以下文应该讲他们为什么讨厌历史课，选项E“应说对他们来说，历史就像一堆无聊的名字和日期”符合题意。故选E。40．根据上文“Historypaintsapictureofhowsocietyandtechnologyworkedinthepast.”可知，历史描绘了过去社会和技术如何运作的图景，下文应该会讲历史描绘了过去社会和技术如何运作的图景的意义，选项B“因此，我们可以更好地了解它们现在是如何工作的”符合题意。故选B。41．根据上文“Ittellsuswhoourancestors（祖先）are.”可知，历史告诉我们我们的祖先是谁，下文应该会提到告诉我们祖先来自哪里，选项A“历史告诉你祖先他们来自哪里”符合题意。故选A。42．根据下文“Historyisavaluabletoolwhenitcomestounderstandingthosewhoaredifferentfromus.”可知，历史让我们了解人，本段都在讲历史帮助我们了解他人，选项C“历史帮助我们学会了解他人”符合题意。故选C。43．根据下文“Historymakesusbecomebetterdecisionmakers.“Thosewhodon’tlearnhistoryarecertaintorepeatit.”GeorgeSantayanawrotethesewordsover100yearsago.”可知，“不学历史的人肯定会重蹈覆辙。”乔治·桑塔亚纳在100多年前写下了这句话，故下文应该继续讲这句话，选项D“然而，它们今天仍然很重要，因为它们是多么真实”符合题意。故选D。六、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卷规定的位置上。Oneday,thegreatthinkerMengzivisitedLiangHuiWang,theruleroftheLiangStateduringtheWarringStatesPeriodinancientChina,from371-335BCE.Therulersaid,“Icareformypeople.Ifthe___44___(crop)failtogrowinthesouth,Imovethepeopletothenorth.Ifthereisabadharvestinthenorth,Imovethepeoplesouth.Therulersofotherstatesarenot___45___me.Theydon’thelpthemwhentheyarehungry.Whydomypeoplerunaway___46___thenumberofpeopleintheirstatesisgrowing?”“Mylord,letmeusethebattlefield(战场)toshowyou.Thereisfightingandonesideiswinning.Thesoldiersonthelosingsidebegintorunawaybecausethey___47___(notwant)togetcaptured.Afastsoldierruns100stepsandasloweroneruns50steps.Whenthesoldier___48___(run)50stepslooksahead,seeingthesoldierswith100steps,helaughsatthefastersoldierandcallshimacoward.Doyouthinkit’srightfortheslowersoldier___49___(judge)theother?”“No.Thesloweroneisno___50___(good)asheisnotdoinganything___51___(different).”“Exactly.Andyouarealsorightabouttheotherrulers.Theymaynotcarefortheirpeopleduringhardtimes___52___wayyoudo.Butyousendyourpeopleintobattleallthetime.Whenyoudothis,youarenotcaringforyourpeople,either.Onehundredstepsshouldnot___53___(laugh)atbyfiftysteps.”【短文大意】本文介绍了“五十步笑百步”这个成语的由来：梁惠王告诉孟子自己比其他统治者更热爱子民，孟子认为他发动战争，将人民置于水火之中，与其他统治者并无差别。【答案解析】44．句意：如果南方的庄稼不能生长，我就把人们转移到北方。根据“Ifthe...failtogrowinthesouth”可知，该句是if引导的条件状语从句，从句时态为一般现在时；由“failtogrow”可知，主语是复数名词，故此处要用crop的复数crops。故填crops。45．句意：其他国家的统治者不像我。根据“Theydon’thelpthemwhentheyarehungry.”可知，此处表示其他国家的统治者不像我这样爱民；like“像”，介词，符合语境。故填like。46．句意：为什么我的人民要逃跑，而他们国家的人民却在增加？根据“mypeoplerunaway”和“thenumberofpeopleintheirstatesisgrowing”可知，前后句形成对比，应用while“然而”连接。故填while。47．句意：失败一方的士兵开始逃跑，因为他们不想被俘虏。根据“Thesoldiersonthelosingsidebegintorunaway”可知，时态为一般现在时；主语为“they”，否定用don’t+动词原形。故填don’twant。48．句意：当跑50步的士兵向前看，看到有100步的士兵时，他嘲笑那个跑得快的士兵，说他是胆小鬼。根据“Whenthesoldier...50stepslooksahead”和所给词可知，run“跑步”这个动作是thesoldier发出的，故此处应用run的ing形式。故填running。49．句意：你认为慢兵对其他兵评头论足是正确的吗？根据“it’srightfortheslowersoldier...theother”可知，itis+形容词+forsb.+todosth.“做某事是怎样的”，不定式作主语。故填tojudge。50．句意：速度慢的那个也好不到哪里去，因为他没有做任何不同的事情。根据“Thesloweroneisno...”可知，此处指跑得慢的那个士兵也好不到哪里去，nobetter“没有更好”。故填better。51．句意：速度慢的那个也好不到哪里去，因为他没有做任何不同的事情。根据“heisnotdoinganything...”可知，此处要用副词修饰动词。故填differently。52．句意：在困难时期，他们可能不像你那样关心自己的人民。根据“Theymaynotcarefortheirpeopleduringhardtimes...wayyoudo.”可知，此处表示其他统治者在困难时期关心子民的方式不像你这样，此处表示特指，应用冠词the。故填the。53．句意：一百步不应被五十步嘲笑。根据“Onehundredstepsshouldnot...atbyfiftysteps.”可知，此处是含情态动词的被动语态，结构为情态动词+bedone。故填belaughed。七、短文汉语提示填空(★★)根据短文内容和所给中文提示，用单词的正确形式完成以下短文。

Mostpeopleknowhisnameandconsiderhimasoneof___54___(有影响力的)Chinesethinkers,butveryfewpeopleknowwhoConfuciusreallywasandwhathereallysaid.

AlthoughhisfatherdiedwhenConfuciuswasyoung,hedidn’tgivehimselfup.Thankstoafriend,ConfuciuswasabletostudyattheRoyalLibrary,wherehegotthe___55___(知识)andformedhisworldview.ItwasalsointheRoyalLibrarythathe___56___(意识到)theimportanceofeducationandfoundthe