【高考复习指导】2021届高考英语二轮复习课堂讲练-专题十三-特殊句式-强调句型-替代-倒装-

专题十三特殊句式(强调句型、替代、倒装句、主谓全都、并列句、祈使句)1.(2022·北京卷)Someanimalscarryseedsfromoneplacetoanother,________plantscanspreadtonewplaces.A.soB.orC.forD.but2.(2022·福建卷)Itwastheculture,ratherthanthelanguage,________madeithardforhimtoadapttothenewenvironmentabroad.A.whereB.whyC.thatD.what3.(2022·四川卷)WasitbecauseJackcamelateforschool________MrSmithgotangry?A.whyB.whoC.whereD.that4.(2022·天津卷)Givemeachance,________I'llgiveyouawonderfulsurprise.A.ifB.orC.andD.while5.(2022·大纲卷)________metomorrowandI'llletyouknowthelabresult.A.CallingB.CallC.TocallD.Havingcalled6.(2022·湖南卷)Onlywhenyoucanfindpeaceinyourheart________goodrelationshipswithothers.A.willyoukeepB.youwillkeepC.youkeptD.didyoukeep7.(2022·湖南卷)________whatyou'redoingtodayimportant,becauseyou'retradingadayofyourlifeforit.A.MakeB.TomakeC.MakingD.Made8.(2022·湖南卷)Allweneed________asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.A.areB.wasC.isD.were9.(2022·陕西卷)Nosooner________steppedonthestagethantheaudiencebrokeintothunderousapplause.A.hadMoYanB.MoYanhadC.hasMoYanD.MoYanhas10.(2022·重庆卷)—IspenttwoweeksinLondonlastsummer.—ThenyoumusthavevisitedtheBritishMuseumduringyourstay,________you?A.mustn'tB.haven'tC.didn'tD.hadn't1.【答案】A【解析】句意：一些动物把种子从一个地方带到另外一个地方，于是植物就传播到了新的地方生长了。上下句之间是因果关系。so意为“于是，因此(强调上下文因果关系)”；or(或者)；for意为“由于，由于(起补充说明作用)”；but意为“但是(表示转折)”。2.【答案】C【解析】句意：是文化而不是语言让他很难适应国外新的环境。本题是一个强调句型，强调的是句子的主语theculture,ratherthanthelanguage。强调句型的基本结构是：Itis/was＋被强调成分＋that/who＋其他成分。检验方法是把Itis/was与that/who去掉，句子仍旧成立的就是强调句型。3.【答案】D【解析】句意：是不是由于Jack上学迟到了MrSmith才很生气的？本题是一个强调句型，强调的是句子的缘由状语becauseJackcamelateforschool。4.【答案】C【解析】句意：给我一个机会，我就会给你一个惊喜。本题考查的是“祈使句＋连词＋陈述句”的特殊句式。本句相当于：Ifyougivemeachance,I'llgiveyouawonderfulsurprise.5.【答案】B【解析】句意：明天给我打电话，我就让你知道试验结果。本题考查的是“祈使句＋连词＋陈述句”的固定句式。本句相当于：Ifyoucallmetomorrow,Iwillletyouknowthelabresult.6.【答案】A【解析】句意：只有当你取得内心的清静，才能保持同他人的良好关系。当only放在句首，且强调的是状语的时候，需要使用部分倒装的形式。另外本句无过去信息，D项时态错误。7.【答案】A【解析】连词because后面引导的是一个缘由状语从句，说明前面是主句。B、C、D三项不能形成一个独立的句子，只有A项放在句首，形成一个祈使句，故A项正确。8.【答案】C【解析】句意：我们需要的是一小片土地，在一年中的生长季节里，我们可以在那里种植各种水果树。本题考查的是主谓全都。本句中的表语是一个短语asmallpieceofland，谓语动词应当和量词piece保持全都，故使用单数形式，同时句中也没有消灭过去时的时间状语。故C项正确。9.【答案】A【解析】句意：莫言一上舞台，观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。本题考查倒装句。否定连词放句首，句子部分倒装，不选B、D两项；表达的规律是先登台再鼓掌，因此排解C项。10.【答案】C【解析】句意：——我去年夏天在伦敦待了两个星期。——那么你肯定在那的逗留期间参观了大英博物馆，是吗？本题考查反意疑问句。前句表对过去事情的猜想，反意疑问部分与情态动词无关，排解A项；由“duringyourstay”可知是过去时，所以反意疑问部分应用过去时的助动词did，故选C项。从近年来的高考试题分析可知，特殊句式考查的综合性和情景性越来越强，内容也比较接近现实生活。部分倒装仍旧是考查的主体；强调句型主要侧重其基本句型；省略句主要与非谓语动词一并考核；祈使句更是考查热点。要点储备一：倒装句种类倒装条件例句完全倒装here,there,now,then,up,down,in,out,off,away等副词开头的句子表示强调(主语必需是名词)结构为：adv.＋谓语＋名词区分：adv.＋代词＋谓语Outrushedthechildren.区分：Outtheyrushed.Underthetablesleepsafatcat.Herecomesthebus.＝Thebusiscominghere.表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首Underthetreestoodtwotablesandfourchairs.留意：以上两类完全倒装谓语动词的时态为一般现在时(表一般将来时)或一般过去时强调表语，置于句首，或为保持句子平衡，句子倒装结构为：adj./v．－ing/v.－ed/介词短语＋连系动词＋主语Presentatthemeetingwere1，000students.Attendingthemeetingwere1,000students.GonearethedayswhenweChineseusedforeignoil.部分倒装never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,little,not,innocase，undernocircumstances，onnoaccount,innoway,onnocondition,bynomeans,atnotime,nolonger等表示否定意义的副词或介词短语放于句首；Hardly/Scarcely...when/before...＝Nosooner...than...用过去完成时，主句倒装HardlydidIknowwhathadhappened.Hesaidthatinnocasewouldhegiveup.Hardlyhadthefootballgamebegunwhenitstartedraining.＝Nosoonerhadthefootballgamebegunthanitstartedraining.only和修饰状语放于句首时★only强调主语时不倒装OnlythendidherealizetheimportanceofEnglish.Onlyhehaspassedthejobinterview.notonly...butalso连接并列的句子，前倒后不倒notonly...butalso连接并列的主语时，句子不倒装notuntil引导的状语从句放句首时，主倒从不倒neither...nor...连接并列的句子，前倒后也倒★neither...nor...连接并列的主语时，不倒装NotonlydoesheknowFrench,butalsoheisexpertatit.Notonlyhebutalsohisstudentsaregoingtotheconcert.Notuntilhefinishedhisworkdidhegotosleep.NeitherdoIknowit,nordoIcareaboutit.Neitherhisparentsnorheknowstheresult.so...that,such...that中的so或such及修饰的成分放于句首时，前倒后不倒Sobusyishethathecannotgoonaholiday.Suchafinedayisitthatwefeellikeplayingoutside.so,as,neither,nor或nomore表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事，意为“某人也如此”区分以下三种结构：...,sohe/she/I/they/...＋助动词，意为“某人的确如此”...andhe/she/...didso，意为“他/她/……就照着嘱咐/期望/……做了”ItisthesamewithB＝SoitiswithB(某人也如此)适用于前面消灭不同主语、不同时态、不同类动词时Hecanplaythepiano.SocanI.＝HecanplaythepianoandsocanI.＝Hecanplaythepiano,ascanI．Ifhedoesn'tgototheparty,neither/norwill/shallI．Yousayheisadoctorandsoheis.Mumwantedhimtocleanthefloorandhedidso.HewasbornintheUSandnowworksinChina.Soitiswithhiswife./Itisthesamewithhiswife.as/though引导的让步状语：adv./adj./n./v./v.－ed＋as/though＋从句余下部分，主句★主从句主谓没有倒装，只是从句某成分移至从句句首了Childasheis,hehaslearnedalot.Prettyassheis,sheisnotclever.MuchasIlikethewatch,Ican'taffordit.Tryashemight,hewouldn'tsatisfyhisboss.在含有were,had,should的虚拟条件句中，可省略if并同时将were,had,should移至从句句首，构成倒装省略WereIyou＝IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotdoitinthisway.HadIattendedthemeeting,Iwouldhaveseenhim.Shoulditraintomorrow,Iwouldnotgothere.用于表示祝愿的祈使句中：adv.＋谓语＋主语！May＋主语＋动词原形！Longlivethespiritofthepeople'shero！Mayyoubeingoodhealth！要点储备二：省略结构1do,does,did可代替动词以避开重复；do,does,did也可用在一般现在时或过去时或祈使句中，表对谓语动词的强调ShespeaksEnglishbetterthanhe(does).—ShallIinviteTomtotheparty?—Yes,itwillbeniceifyoudo.Hedidsayhewouldcometopartytonight.2用so或not替代以避开重复：so＝一个单词，短语或句子；not＝一个含有否定意义的句子常用此结构的动词(短语)有：hope,think,guess,believe,tell,fear,expect,suppose,imagine,besure,beafraidIdon'tthink/suppose/...so.＝Ithink/suppose/...not.但只能用：Ihope/guessnot.I'mafraidnot.—Willhecometomyparty？—Iexpectso.(—Idon'texpectso./Iexpectnot.)—Willitbefinetomorrow?—Yes,Ihope/guessso.(—No,Ihope/guessnot.)3用to代替不定式以免重复。常用此结构的有：(1)refuse,want,seem,mean,intend,expect,hope,fail,wouldlike,wish(2)be＋adj.(glad,happy,pleased,anxious,willing,ready)(3)have,need,ought,beable,begoing,used(4)ask/tell/advise/persuade/wish/permit/allowsb.todosth.(5)不定式否定式后，保留to★不定式中含有被动式、完成式时省略至tobe,tohave,tohavebeenWeinvitedhimtotheparty,butherefusedto.—Willyoujoinourdiscussion?—Yes,I'dliketo.Ididn'twanttogothere,butIhadto.Weshoulddoeverythingthatweoughtto.Don'ttouchanythingunlessyou'reallowedto.Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.—Youshouldhavefinishedyourwork.—Sorry,IknowIoughttohave./—Sorry,Iknowitoughttohavebeen.IsawhimridinghisbikeintheparkandItoldhimnotto.要点储备三：并列句并列句分句＋and＋分句(表递进)Comeearliertomorrowandyou'llseehim.分句＋or＋分句(表选择或让步)Hurryup,oryou'llbelatefortheflight.分句＋but/yet/while＋分句(表转折、对比)Sheisseriouslyill,but/yetshedoesn'tgiveuphope.Heisworkinghard,whilehisbrotherisverylazy.分句＋for/so＋分句(表因果)Heisagoodteacher,soheispopularwithstudents.“祈使句/名词＋and＋分句”是高考的热点OnemorehourandI'llgettheworkdone.要点储备四：主谓全都用and连接表同一个人、同一事物、同一概念时，谓语用单数AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.动名词、不定式和从句作主语，谓语用单数Educatinggirlsisveryimportant.allof.../mostof.../someof.../halfof.../partof.../therestof.../百分数/分数词＋n.后的谓语用单数或复数取决于所修饰的名词Allofthebookshavebeensoldout.Fortypercentoftheworkhasbeendone.team/band/class/family/public/population/government/committee等集体名词作主语时，需依据其所表示的意思来确定谓语的单复数形式Thefamilyismadeupoffivemembers.ThefamilyarewatchingTV.“the＋rich/poor/old/young/wounded/dead/living/...”表人，谓语用复数形式“the＋true/good/beautiful/possible/impossible/old/new/...”表物，谓语用单数形式Theoldareeasilytakenin.Thenewistotaketheplaceoftheold.manya＋n.,morethanone＋n.，each/every/no＋n.＋(each/every/no)＋n.，接单数谓语Manyastudenthasseenthefilm.Eachgirlandeachboyhasabook.anumber/varietyof...＋复数谓语thenumber/varietyof...＋单数谓语Anumberofstudentsarefondofthebook.Thenumberofstudentsinourclassis50.quantitiesof＋单数名词/复数名词＋复数谓语aquantityof＋单数名词＋单数谓语aquantityof＋复数名词＋单数谓语/复数谓语Largequantitiesofwaterarebadlypolluted.Alargequantityofwaterisbadlypolluted.就近原则：either...or...，notonly...butalso，not...but，neither...nor...，therebeNeitherhenoryouareright.NotonlyhebutalsoIamright.就远原则：aswellas，with,alongwith,togetherwith,suchas/like,ratherthan,besides,including,but,except等，句中谓语动词与主语全都HeaswellasIisabsentfromthemeeting.Theofficer,ratherthantheothersanswersforit.Bookssuchasthisareusefulforthebeginners.Mary,(along)withherfriendsoftengoesbroad.NotAbutB的句中，谓语动词与B全都Nobody/NoonebutB的句中，谓语动词用单数NotIbutTomandJackareright.NobodybutTomandJackisright.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句中谓语动词的数与先行词全都TheforeignerswhoworkinourcompanyarefromCanada.重点突破要真正理解，切莫机械记忆，留意学问间的交叉。把握强调句的基本形式及其变式，并能在长句中正确识别，以不变应万变，生疏各种倒装句式，留意句子中主谓全都、时态全都及人称全都等问题。1.Foramomentnothinghappened;then________fromtheexcitedaudience.A.cheerscameB.didcheerscomeC.cheerswouldcomeD.camecheers2.—He'smade________progressthathisparentsmustbepleasedwithhim.—________．A.somuch;SohehasB.suchmuch;SohasheC.somuch;SohasheD.suchmuch;Sohehas3.Wasit________shesaidorsomethingthatshedid________youwereangryatsomuch?A.what;thatB.that；whichC.that;whatD.what;which4.Betough－minded,buttender－hearted,________？A.isn'titB.areyouC.aren'tyouD.willyou5.________onthetopofthemountainisanancienttowerdatingbacktohundredsofyearsago.A.TostandB.HavingstoodC.StandingD.Stand6.Hetoldmehisstoryinprivate,________nobodyelseknewwhathadhappenedtohim.A.butB.soC.whileD.or7.Thedoorburstopenand________，shoutingwithanger.A.rushedinacrowdB.inacrowdrushedC.acrowdinrushedD.inrushedacrowd8.Agianthelium(氦)balloonistellingresidentsofParishowgoodorbadtheairqualityis.Whenit'sgood,theballoon—measuring22meterswideand32metershigh—shinesgreen.________，it'sred.A.ThoughterribleB.WhenevergoodC.IfworseD.Whenbad9.________wastoblame.A.TheparentsaswellastheirchildB.NottheparentsbuttheirchildC.NeitherthechildnorhisparentsD.Boththeparentsandtheirchild10.Itoldyouthatyoushouldn'twasteyourtimeplayingthecomputergames，________？A.didn'tIB.didIC.shouldyouD.shouldn'tyou11.Hopinghewouldnotdisturbhissleepingfather,Bobstolein,________andwaitedforhimtowakeup.A.didn'tspeakB.nottospeakC.notspeakD.notspoke12.Notonly________buyingSpringFestivalrailticketsbutalsoallothergroupssuchaswhite－collarworkershavethesamefeeling.A.migrantworkershavedifficultyB.domigrantworkershavedifficultyC.havemigrantworkershavedifficultyD.havemigrantworkersdifficulty13.Neverbefore________beenplacedinsuchadilemmaoverwhetherIshouldtellherthetruthornot.A.hadIB.IhadC.haveID.Ihave14.Soseriously________thathecouldn'tbeabsorbedinanything.A.washisheadinjuredB.hisheadwasinjuredC.didhisheadinjureD.hisheadinjured15.Thechildtiptoedquietlytothebird.________intotheforestwhenhewasabouttocatchit.A.AwayitflewB.AwayflewitC.FlewitawayD.Flewawayit1.【答案】D【解析】句意：有一会什么也没有发生，接着就是来自于兴奋的观众的欢呼声。副词then,now,here,there放句首并且主语是名词时，句子完全倒装。结构是：副词＋谓语＋主语。2.【答案】A【解析】句意：——他取得了如此大的进步以至于他的父母肯定对他满足。——是的，他的确取得了很大的进步。这里第一句里消灭了so...that(如此……以至于)；其次句so表示对前面陈述事实的强调，结构为：so＋主语＋助动词/情态动词/be动词