【创新设计】2021高考英语(江苏专用)大二轮总复习定时训练3

定时训练(3)Ⅰ.专题特训(非谓语动词)1．(2022届北京市第四十四中学高三第一学期期中测试)Inthereadingroom，wefoundher________atadesk，withherattention________onabook.A．sitting；fixingB．tosit；fixedC．seating；fixingD．seated；fixed解析考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：在阅览室内，我们发觉她坐在一张桌子旁，集中精力看一本书。beseated就坐＝sitting，fixone'sattentionon集中精力于。故选D项。答案D2．(2022届湖南省澧县一中益阳市一中桃源县一中高三上学期三校联考)________withtheincreasingunemployment，manypeoplewentonstrikeinmostoftheEuropeancountries.A．FacingB．BeingfacedC．FacedD．Havingfaced解析考查过去分词做状语。句意：面临越来越严峻的失业问题，欧洲国家很多人去罢工。sbbefacedwithsth某人面临……，这里可以用过去分词做状语，假如没有横线后的with，就可以用facing，选C项。答案C3．(2022届黑龙江省大庆铁人中学高三上学期期中)Hewonderedifhecouldslipoutofthelecturehallwithoutanyone________．A．noticingB．noticedC．tonoticeD．beingnoticed解析考查with/without复合结构。其基本结构为：with/without＋宾语＋宾语补足语；宾语补足语可以是名词，代词，形容词，副词，现在分词，或者过去分词，也可以是不定式。对宾语的状况进行补充说明。当做宾语补足语的动词与宾语构成被动关系的时候，使用过去分词的形式；当二者构成主动关系的时候，使用现在分词的形式。要特殊要留意with的复合结构经常与独立主格结构转换使用。本题中anyone与notice构成主动关系，故使用现在分词。故选A项。答案A4．(2022届浙江省绍兴市第一中学高三上学期期中)Oppositetheoldtownisthe5，500metersYulongXueshanMountain，itspeak________withsnow.A．iscoveredB．coveredC．coveringD．covers解析考查独立主格结构。句意：在古城的对面是海拔5500米高的御龙雪山，它的顶峰有雪掩盖着。由于句中没有连词，所以推断是独立主格结构，排解A、D选项，peak和动词cover之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表被动，故选B项。答案B5．(2022届江苏省无锡市第三高级中学高三期初质量检测)Misunderstandings________fromlackofsocialcommunication，unless________withproperly，mayleadtoseriousproblems.A．resulted；dealtB．resulting；dealtC．resulted；dealingD．resulting；dealing解析考查非谓语动词。misunderstandings和resultfrom是主谓关系，用现在分词作定语，相当于whichresultfrom...，排解A、C；unless后省略了misunderstandings，misunderstandings与dealwith是动宾关系，用过去分词表被动，相当于unlesstheyaredealtwith...，排解D。故选B项。答案B6．(2022届云南省部分名校高三第一次联考)Weallthinkthattheplanyoucomeupwith________theworkisverypractical.A．completingB．completed C．tocomplete D．complete解析考查非谓语动词。句意：我们都认为你为完成这个工作想到的方案格外有用。tocomplete表目的，修饰plan。youcomeupwith是定语从句，修饰先行词plan。故选C项。答案C7．(2022届河南省南阳市高三五校联谊期中)________withsomeresearchmaterials，hedecidedonthreepossibleapproachesinhisexperiment.A．PreparingB．PreparedC．HavingpreparedD．Prepare解析考查过去分词做状语。句意：预备好了争辩材料，他打算试验三个可能的方法。bepreparedwith预备好，所以这里用过去分词做状语，表示状态，选B项。答案B8．(2022届福建省厦门一中高三上学期期中)Thenewly－discoveredevidenceledtothecriminal________tofiveyearsinprison.A．tobesentenced B．beingsentenced C．sentenced D．besentenced解析考查非谓语动词。句意：新发觉的证据使得罪犯被宣判坐5年的牢。leadto导致，to为介词，故后面接v.－ing形式。故选B项。答案B9．(2022届福建省厦门一中高三上学期期中)________todriveafterdrinking，somedriversarestilltryingtheirluck，whichisdangerous.A．NotremindedB．RemindednotC．NothavingbeenremindedD．Havingremindednot解析考查非谓语动词。句意：被提示不要酒后驾驶，但一些司机仍旧碰运气，那是很危急的。题中的规律主语为somedrivers，与remind之间的关系为被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。remindsbtodo的否定形式为remindsbnottodo。故选B项。答案B10．(2022届北京市朝阳区高三上学期期中考试)Thepolicemankepthiseyes________onthescreenofthecomputertoidentifythecriminal'sfootprints.A．fixingB．fixedC．tofixD．beingfixed解析考查过去分词做宾语补足语。句意：警察始终凝视着电脑屏幕，来识别罪犯的脚印。这里用的是“keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构，由于“凝视”是fixone'seyeson，所以eyes和fix是被动关系，用过去分词做宾语补足语，选B项。答案B11．Thelecture，________at7：00pmlastnight,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwithtelescopes.A．startingB．beingstartedC．tostartD．tobestarted解析依据lastnight可知start已经发生，故排解C、D(不定式常表将来)，B(beingdone)一般表进行，也排解。非谓语动词的主动语态和被动语态现在分词作定语。答案A12．We'vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneeds________toachievethefinalsuccess.A．beingdoneB．doC．tobedoneD．todo解析由于work与do为被动关系，而need后表被动用－ing的主动形式表被动含义，或用不定式的被动形式，故选C。谓语与非谓语动词不定式的被动语态作宾语短语needtobedone。答案C13．Marklivesinabigpleasantroom________approximately5metersby6meters.A．measuresB．measuringC．tobemeasuredD．havingmeasured解析本句中的动词measure可以作为及物动词vt.测量；估量；也可以表示：距离(或长度、宽度、数量等)为……；本句中的measure表示的就是第2层含有距离(或长度、宽度、数量等)为……；动词measure与前面的名词room构成规律上的主动关系，故使用现在分词measuringapproximately5metersby6meter来修饰前面的名词room。句义：Mark生活在一个面积大约为5米乘6米的很大的舒适的房子里。故B正确。答案B14．“Youcan'tcatchme！”Janetshouted，________away.A．runB．runningC．torunD．ran解析分词running与句中主语Janet为规律上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动词shout同时发生。本题大意，“你不能抓住我！”Janet喊着，逃跑了，故B正确。分词作状语的用法需要留意分词的规律主语与句子的主语全都。答案B15．—WhatmadelittleTonysounhappyandcryinhisroom?—________togohikingwithhisbrother.A．HavingnotbeenallowedB．NothavingallowedC．HavingnotallowedD．Nothavingbeenallowed解析考查非谓语动词。本题考查动名词短语作主语，依据句意可知是“没有被允许”，故用被动语态。句意：——什么使得小托尼不快活，在房间里哭呢？——没有允许和他哥哥一起去徒步旅行。故D正确。答案D16．________howtoworkoutthedifficultphysicsproblem，heaskedtheteacherforhelp.A．NottoknowB．NotknowingC．KnowingnotD．Notknown解析句意：不知道怎么解决这个难的物理问题，他向老师求助。由于he和know是主动关系，用现在分词做状语，否定式是在现在分词前面加not，选B。答案B17．WithFather'sDayaroundthecorner，Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank________presentsformydad.A．buyB．tobuyC．buyingD．tohavebought解析句意：父亲节将要到来，为了给爸爸买礼物我已经从银行取了一些钱。题干中空格划在名词后，但是空格后的部分不是对bank解释说明，而是说明取钱的目的，因此此题中非谓语动词做目的状语，非谓语动词中不定式做状语用来表示目的，因此选择B。答案B18．Batsaresurprisinglylong－livedcreatures,some______alifespanofaround20years.A．havingB．hadC．haveD．tohave解析句意：令人惊异的是，蝙蝠是长寿的动物，有些能活20年左右。had和have是谓语动词形式，题中没有连词，无法并存两个句子。tohave表将来；having表伴随，因此，选A。答案A19．________manytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.A．HavingbeentoldB．HavingtoldC．TellingD．Told解析句意：他虽然被告知过很多次但照旧犯同样的错误。这里是非谓语动词做状语，havingdone在谓语动词之前发生表示主动。havingbeendone在谓语动词之前发生表示被动。选A。答案A20．Ashiploadedwithexpensivegoodswasreported________intotheseawithitsoil________．A．tosink；givenoutB．tohavesunk；runoutC．havingsunk；usedupD．tohavesunk；runoutof解析本题第一空是一个固定句式sthbereportedtohavedone据说做了某事；使用不定式的完成式表示已经完成，已经发生的动作。其次空是with的复合结构，名词itsoil与动词短语runoutof构成被动关系，故使用runoutof。Runout是没有被动语态。句意：据报道一艘装满昂贵货物的船由于汽油用完而沉没在大海里。故D正确。答案DⅡ.阅读理解A体裁：记叙文话题：助人为乐时间：5分钟OnthewayhomefromhisjobatabakeryinWainscott，NewYork，oneAugustevening，CraingSchum，33，stoppedhiscarattheEastHamptonAirport.Agroupwasprotestingagainstairplanenoise，andSchum，whohadkickedoffhisshoes，gotoutofthecar.Withinseconds，though，Schumsawsomethingastonishing.Asmallplanedivedandcrashedintothewoodsabout100yardsfromtherunway.“Idon'tremembermakingthedecisionthatIshouldgotohelpout，”herecalls.“Ijuststartedrunning.”Schumranacrossthestreetbarefoot，climbedoverasix－foot－highchain－linkfence，anddashedabout100yardstowardthewoods.Whenhegotthere，hediscovered51－year－oldpilotStephenBochter，hisheadbleeding，besidetheburningplane.Bochter'spassenger，hiswife，KimBrillo，wasontheground，unconscious.“Shehadbloodalloverher，”saysSchum.“Ithoughtshewasdead.”JackGleeson，17，ahighschoolstudentworkingasummerjobattheairport，caughtupwithSchumand，withBochter'shelp，liftedthechain－linkfenceandbroughtBrillounderneathitout.Momentslater，theentireplaneexploded.Aftertherescueteamarrived，BochterandBrillowereairliftedtonearbyhospitalandtreatedforcuts，injuriesandBrillo'sbrokenarm.Bochter，anexperiencedpilot，latersaidthattheplane'selectricalsystemhadfailedshortlyaftertake－off.HehadbeenattemptingtolandattheEastHamptonAirportwhentheplanebegantonosedive．Hemanagedtolevelthewingsbeforecrashingintothewoods.“Everythingwasonfire，andSchumcameoutofnowheretosaveus，”saysBochter.“We'reblessedtohavelivedthroughit.”【语篇导读】本文叙述了CraigSchum在下班回家途中英勇地从失事飞机上救人的事迹。1．WhydidCraigSchumstophiscarattheEastHamptonAirport?A．Hewantedtohavearest.B．Hesawaprotestinggroup.C．Henoticedaplanecrash.D．Heneededtokickoffhisshoes.解析细节理解题。由第一段的其次句“Agroupwasprotestingagainstairplanenoise，andSchum，whohadkickedoffhisshoes，gotoutofthecar.”可知答案为B。答案B2．Whenhesawtheplanecrashintothewoods，Schum________．A．wasfrightenedtodeathB．rushedawayfromthespotC．cametorescueimmediatelyD．askedforhelpwithoutdelay解析细节理解题。依据其次段的最终两句“‘Idon'tremembermakingthedecisionthatIshouldgotohelpout，’herecalls,‘Ijuststartedrunning.’”可知C项正确。答案C3．Theunderlinedword“nosedive”inParagraph5isclosestinmeaningto“______”．A．drivesmoothlyB．shakeviolentlyC．flyslowlyD．dropsuddenly解析词义猜想题。由第五段的最终一句“他在飞机坠入树林之前成功地平衡了机翼”可知，nosedive与“dropsuddenly”的意思最接近。答案D4．Whatmightbethebesttitleofthetext?A．ALuckyEscapeB．ACuriousBakerC．ARewardforKindnessD．ABadLandingafterTake－off解析主旨大意题。从飞机消灭故障并坠落到Schum挂念飞行员和他的妻子脱险可以看出，A项“一次幸运的逃离”为最佳标题。答案ABChoosingtheRightResolution(打算)MillionsofAmericansbegan2022withthesameresolutiontheystarted2021with，agoaloflosingweight.However，settingweightlossasagoalisamistake.Toreachourgoaloflosingweight—theoutput，weneedtocontrolwhatweeat—theinput(输入)．Thatis，wetendtocareabouttheoutputbutnottocontroltheinput.Thisisabadwaytoconstructgoals.Thealternativeistofocusyourresolutionontheinput.Insteadofresolvingtoloseweight，tryanactionableresolution：“I'llstophavingdessertforlunch，”or“I'llwalkeverydayfor20minutes.”Creatingagoalthatfocusesonawell－specifiedinputwilllikelybemoreeffectivethanconcentratingontheoutcome.Recentlyanewsciencebehindincentives(激励)，includingineducation，hasbeendiscussed.Forexample，researcherRolandFryerwantedtoseewhatworksbestinmotivatingchildrentodobetterinschool.Insomecases，hegavestudentsincentivesbasedoninput，likereadingcertainbooks，whileinothers，theincentiveswerebasedonoutput，likeresultsonexams.Hismainfindingwasthatincentivesincreasedachievementwhenbasedoninputbuthadnoeffectwhenbasedonoutput.Fryer'sconclusionwasthattheincentivesforinputsmightbemoreeffectivebecausestudentsdonotknowhowtodobetteronanexam，asidefromgeneralruleslike“studyharder.”Readingcertainbooks，ontheotherhand，isawell－settaskoverwhichtheyhavemuchmorecontrol.Aslongasyouhavedirectcontroloveryourgoal，youhaveamuchhigherchanceofsuccess.Andit'seasiertostartagainifyoufail，becauseyouknowexactlywhatyouneedtodo.Ifyouwanttocutdownonyourspending，agoodgoalwouldbemakingmorningcoffeeathomeinsteadofgoingtoacafé，forexample.Thisisawell－specifiedaction－basedgoalforwhichyoucanmeasureyoursuccesseasily.Spendinglessmoneyisn'tagoalbecauseit'stoogeneral.Similarly，ifyouwanttospendmoretimewithyourfamily，don'tstopwiththisgeneralwish.Thinkaboutanactionablehabitthatyoucouldadoptandstickto，likeafamilymovienighteveryWednesday.Inthelongrun，thesenewgoalscouldbecomeahabit.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要向大家说明在选择做出正确打算的时候，我们应当关注的是问题的产生以及大事的过程，而不是结果。比如在减肥中，我们应当关注饮食和运动，在训练过程中，应当鼓舞孩子多读书，关注学习过程，而不是考试结果。通过这两个例子来论证了做出正确打算的重要性，也就是说，要达到一个目标，必需使你的目标具体，具有可操控性。5．Thewriterthinksthatsettingweightlossasagoalisamistakebecause________．A．itishardtoachieveformostAmericansB．itisfocusedtoomuchontheresultC．itisdependentontoomanythingsD．itisbasedonactionabledecisions解析细节理解题。依据第一段Settingweightlossasagoalisamistake.和其次段的Toreachourgoaloflosingweight－theoutput，weneedtocontrolwhatweeat－theinput(输入)．Thatis，wetendtocareabouttheoutputbutnottocontroltheinput.Thisisabadwaytoconstructgoals.这句即可找出答案。整篇文章都在阐述我