2021年高考英语考点总动员系列-专题11-语法填空(解析版)

【母题再现】题型介绍：语法填空题给出200字左右的一段短文或对话，段落中给出10个填空，其中4个（或更多）填空是给出一个单词，填写它的正确词形，如形容词的比较级等，其余6个填空是结合上下文直接填词（不多于3个单词）。这要求考生既要把握娴熟的语法学问，还要有确定的语言阅读力气。考查考生在短文中的语法实际应用力气。命题形式：本考点在高考中的命题形式主要有：1.短文填空；2.对话填空。高考选题：题型1：【2022·新课标全国卷Ⅰ】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Areyoufacingasituationthatlooksimpossibletofix?In1969，thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland,Ohio.It__61__(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.Theriverwassopollutedthatit__62__(actual)caughtfireandburned.Now,yearslater,thisriverisoneof__63__mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalclean­up.Buttheriverwasn'tchangedinafewdays__64__evenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofwork__65__(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris__66__(clean)thanever.Maybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouhaveahabit__67__isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.Possiblyyoudrinktoomuchordon'tknowhowtocontrolyourcreditcarduse.Whenyoufacesuchanimpossiblesituation，don'tyouwantaquickfixandsomethingtochangeimmediately?Whilethereare__68__(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe__69__(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe__70__(patience).题型2：[2022·辽宁卷]阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Jonny：Hey！I'mjustpractisingTaiChi(太极)．Wouldyouliketojoinme?Peter：Iknownothingaboutit.Isitdifficult?Jonny：Itseemseasy，butyouneedalotofpractice.Youjustfollowmelikethis.Peter：OK.Don'tlaugh__61__me.Imaylookfunny.Jonny：Bendyourkneesslightlyandreachoutyourarmsliketreebranches，naturallyand__62__(soft)．Trytokeepyourbodystraight.Moveslowly，thenbesuretokeepyourbalanceanddon'tletyourbodyshake.Peter：Icannotcontrolmybodywell.Mylegsbecome__63__(pain)．Jonny：Keep__64__(hold)yourpositionforawhile.Ithelpsdevelopyourstrengthandflexibility.Raiseyourlegandlet__65__stayintheairforseconds.Peter：Ifeelmylegsshaking.Icannotdothisanylonger.Jonny：Bepatient！TaiChi__66__(call)“shadowboxing”inEnglish.Itasksyoutoactlikewater：tobeflexibleaswell__67__strong.Inrealcompetition，aTaiChimasterborrowsthestrengthofthecompetitorandusesthisenergytofightback.The__68__(hard)youtrytobeathim，themorelikelyyouwillgethit.Hecontrolsyou!Peter：Unbelievable！Oh…，__69__youdon'tmind，I'llstopandtakeadeep__70__.解题技巧：解答此类试题，可以从以下几个方面着手考虑：语篇语法填空解题技巧解语篇语法填空，要从“词、句、篇”三个层面去思考。（1）词汇层面方法1：做主语或宾语的名词或“形容词+名词”前无形容词性物主代词、不定代词等限定词时，依据上下文填冠词。【例1】Theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto______smalltownsome20kilometersawaywheretherewasagarage.【例2】Butshequicklyrealizedthatitwasn’ther,itwasprobablythefactthatshesatin______lastrow.【解析】the 特指最终一排，在序数词/最高级前，用定冠词。方法2：句子缺主语或宾语，空格后没有提示词，填词多为代词。【例1】Janewaswalkingroundthedepartmentstore.Sherememberedhowdifficult______wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.【解析】it作宾语从句主语，替代动词不定式短语tochoose……。【例2】Shedidnothesitateforlong:althoughherfathersmokedapipeonlyonceinawhile,sheknewthatthiswasapresentwhichwasboundtoplease______.【解析】himpleasehim(使他兴奋)，填代词；依据句意，此处指代herfather。方法3：空格前已有主语，括号内是动词提示，空格需填谓语动词。【例1】He______(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.【解析】waspretending由“andgiving”可确定，用过去进行时，构成并列谓语。【例2】Wheremencontrolthehousehold,lessmoney______(spend)onhealthcareandfood,whichresultsinpoorerhealthforchildren.【解析】isspentmoney与spend之间存在被动关系，故用被动语态，从句时态提示应用一般现在时。方法4：句中已有谓语动词且又无并列连词与括号内提示的动词并列，说明空格需填非谓语动词形式。【例1】Filmhasamuchshorterhistory，especiallywhen______(compare)tosuchartformsasmusicandplanting.【解析】compared本句是whenitiscomparedto…的省略。compare与规律主语film是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。【例2】Buteveryoneaddedalittle,always______(think)thatitwasonlysmallandnotveryimportant,andlookwherewehaveendeduptoday.”【解析】thinking因everyone与think是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作added的伴随状语。方法5：当括号内所提示的词是形容词或副词且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，很可能填比较级和最高级。【例1】Theteacherreplied,“Youtastedthewater.Itastedthegift.Thewaterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe______(sweet).”【解析】sweeter句意是“什么也不会比这更甜”=这是世界上最甜的东西。【例2】IleftitearlybecauseIhadanappointment______(late)thatday.【解析】later指那天晚些时候。方法6：当“……（+限定词）+名词”或“……+代词/doing/从句”在句中不做主语或宾语时，通常填介词。【例1】Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinthevillage,Iwantedtorewardtheoldwoman______thetrouble.【解析】for rewardsb.forsth.表示“因……而答谢/报答某人”。【例2】Hedidsothenextday.Hewasverytired______doingthisforawholeday.【解析】after/fromA.用介词after表示“在……之后”；B.betiredfromdoingsth.为“因做某事而累”。（2）句子层面方法1：连接两个功能对等的单词、短语或句子时，应填并列连词and，or，but，while,when等。【例1】Hewasverytiredfrom

doingthisforawholeday,______

hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”

higher.【解析】but句中veryhappy与verytired是转折关系，两句间是逗号且没有连词，故填连词but。【例2】SoNickcalledtohisson,“Gotothevillageandbuysomesalt,butpayafairpriceforit:neithertoomuch______toolittle.”【解析】nor并列连词“neither…nor…”表示“既不…也不…”。方法2：若推断连词所引导的从句起名词的作用（做主语/宾语/表语/同位语），则为名词性从句，依据引导名词性从句的连接词在从句成分和意义确定连词。【例1】Cursingmymisfortune,IwaswonderingwhereIwasgoingtospendthenightwhenIrealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingasto______shouldhavethehonorofreceivingmeasaguestintheirhouse.【解析】who引导宾语从句且在从句中做主语，指人。【例2】Oneday,hecameupwithanidea______

hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.【解析】that引导同位语从句，说明idea的具体内容，从句意义完整且不缺句子成分。方法3：若推断连词所引导的从句起形容词的作用（做定语），则为定语从句，依据引导定语从句的先行词和关系词在从句中的成分确定关系代词或者关系副词。关系代词在从句做主语和宾语，做状语用关系副词（可转换为介词+关系代词）。【例1】Janepausedinfrontofacounter______someattractivetieswereondisplay.【解析】where句子+句子，中间必填连接词；后句修饰前句，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。【例2】Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoanelder______hadbeenhisteacher.【解析】who/that代替anelder，引导定语从句并在从句中做主语。方法4：若推断连词所引导的从句起副词的作用（做状语），则为状语从句，再依据两句之间的意义和规律关系或者从属连词在从句中的作用和意义，来确定合适的连词。【例1】Weunderstandthislessonbest______wereceivegiftsoflovefromchildren.【解析】when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。【例2】Myfriendswalkedmetothebusstopandwaitedwithme______thebusarrived.【解析】until/till表示“始终到……”。【例1】…,sohecouldn’thavedoneit.______,hecouldn’tcarryaplateofsandwichesaswellashistennisstuff,soI’msureitwasn’thim.（2022样题）【解析】Anyway“不管怎么说”，考察对语境的把握，体会上下文讲话人语气。【例2】--Mum:Aretheythere?Oh,mygoodness.I______themintherewhenthephonerang.Oh,dear.Ireallymustbelosingmymind.Now,whydidIputonmycoat?（2022样题）【解析】musthaveput考察对话上下文的理解和谓语的呼应，读懂上文“…andleftthemonthetable”、“Butsomeonemusthavetakenthem”、“Oh,itmusthavebeenDad.”以及下文几处情态动词的表达得出答案。【考点揭秘】高频考点一：在语篇中考查词汇【2022届河北省唐山市一模】Christmasisnofunwhenyou'repoor．TwentyyearsagoIwasayoung,【小题1】（struggle）,substitute（替补）teacherwhosecallsintoworkhadbeenfew．Moneywastight,billsweredue【小题2】mywifeandIcouldn'tevenaffordtogetChristmasgiftsforeachother．TheonlygiftswecouldgetforourchildrenwereafewsofttoysthatIhadfound【小题3】（sell）athalfpriceinthesupermarket．IopenedthedoorandbroughtinthegiftsI【小题4】（hide）inouroldcar'strunk．ThenIhanded【小题5】tomysonanddaughter．Iwatchedwithasadsmileastheydidtheirbesttotearoffthewrapping(包装）paper．Astheypulledouttheirtoys,though,Inoticedtheir【小题6】litupandtheyjumpedupanddown．Mydaughter【小题7】（happy）huggedhertoyandthenhuggedherMomandmeaswell．IlaughedasIwatchedmychildrenplaywiththeirtoys_【小题8】_hours,andThankedGodforthe．【小题9】_（great）bifilareverbeengiven．TilltodayIstilltreasure【小题10】giftofpurelovethatmysonanddaughtergavemethatday．点评：1，3，5，6，7，8，9，10考查词汇的用法高频考点二：考查句法学问及规律关系【2022届河北省衡水中学下学期二调】Whyispinkorpurpleacolorforgirlsandblueorbrownforboys?Theanswerdependslargely61culturalvaluesaswellaspersonalexperiences.TotheEgyptians,greenwasacolor62representedthehopeandjoyofspring,whileforMuslims,itmeansheaven.Redisasymbolofgoodluckinmanycultures.DuringtheSpringFestivalinChina,children63(give)moneyinaredenvelopetobringgoodfortuneintheNewYear.Formanynations,blueisasymbolofprotectionandreligiousbeliefs.Greekpeopleoftenwearabluenecklacehopingtoprotect64againstevils（灾祸）.People’s65(choose)ofcolorsisalsoinfluencedbytheirbodies’reactionstowardthem.Greenissaidtobe66mostrestfulcolor.Ithastheabilitytoreducepainandrelaxpeoplebothmentally67physically.People68(work)ingreenenvironmenthavebeenfoundtohavefewerstomachaches.Redcancauseaperson’sbloodpressuretoriseandincreasepeople’sappetites（食欲）.Manydecoratorswillincludedifferentshadesofredintherestaurant.Andmanycommercialwebsiteswillhaveared“BuyNow”buttonbecauseredisacolorthat69(easy)catchesaperson’seye.Blueisanothercalmingcolor.Unlikered,blueisbelievedtocausepeopletoloseappetite.So70youwanttoeatless,somesuggestthateatingfromblueplatescanhelp.点评：2，7，10考查句法中的连词及规律关系【直击高考】[2022·新课标全国卷Ⅰ]阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Areyoufacingasituationthatlooksimpossibletofix?In1969，thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland,Ohio.It__61__(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.Theriverwassopollutedthatit__62__(actual)caughtfireandburned.Now,yearslater,thisriverisoneof__63__mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalclean­up.Buttheriverwasn'tchangedinafewdays__64__evenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofwork__65__(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris__66__(clean)thanever.Maybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouhaveahabit__67__isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.Possiblyyoudrinktoomuchordon'tknowhowtocontrolyourcreditcarduse.Whenyoufacesuchanimpossiblesituation，don'tyouwantaquickfixandsomethingtochangeimmediately?Whilethereare__68__(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe__69__(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe__70__(patience).[2022·新课标全国卷Ⅱ]阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout__61__(be)lateforschool.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,__62__someofthemlookedveryanxiousand__63__(disappoint).Whenthebusfinallycame,weallhurriedonboard.Igotaplacenext__66__thewindow,soIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk.Aboyonabike__65__(catch)myattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused__66__(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.Still,theboykept__67__(ride).Hewascarryingsomethingoverhisshoulderandshouting.Finally,whenwecametothenextstop,theboyranuptothedoorofthebus.Iheardanexcitedconversation.Thenthedriverstoodupandasked，“__68__anyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop？”Awomanonthebusshouted,“Oh,dear!It's__69__(I)．”Shepushedherwaytothedriverandtookthesuitcasethankfully.Everyoneonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhaddone,andthecrowdofstrangers__70__(sudden)becamefriendlytooneanother.[2022·辽宁卷]阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Jonny：Hey！I'mjustpractisingTaiChi(太极)．Wouldyouliketojoinme?Peter：Iknownothingaboutit.Isitdifficult?Jonny：Itseemseasy，butyouneedalotofpractice.Youjustfollowmelikethis.Peter：OK.Don'tlaugh__61__me.Imaylookfunny.Jonny：Bendyourkneesslightlyandreachoutyourarmsliketreebranches，naturallyand__62__(soft)．Trytokeepyourbodystraight.Moveslowly，thenbesuretokeepyourbalanceanddon'tletyourbodyshake.Peter：Icannotcontrolmybodywell.Mylegsbecome__63__(pain)．Jonny：Keep__64__(hold)yourpositionforawhile.Ithelpsdevelopyourstrengthandflexibility.Raiseyourlegandlet__65__stayintheairforseconds.Peter：Ifeelmylegsshaking.Icannotdothisanylonger.Jonny：Bepatient！TaiChi__66__(call)“shadowboxing”inEnglish.Itasksyoutoactlikewater：tobeflexibleaswell__67__strong.Inrealcompetition，aTaiChimasterborrowsthestrengthofthecompetitorandusesthisenergytofightback.The__68__(hard)youtrytobeathim，themorelikelyyouwillgethit.Hecontrolsyou!Peter：Unbelievable！Oh…，__69__youdon'tmind，I'llstopandtakeadeep__70__.【课后反馈】夯实基础：【2022届河北省衡水中学下学期一调】阅读下面短文，依据句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为61～70的相应位置上。ChineseproverbsarerichandtheyarestillwidelyusedinChinesepeople’dailylife.___61_theseproverbsthereareofteninterestingstories.Forexample,theproverb,“pluckingupacrop___62___(help)itgrow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.Itissaidthatashort-temperedmanintheSongDynasty(960-1279)wasveryanxioustohelp__63___ricecropgrowupquickly.Hewasthinkingabout___64__dayandnight.Butthecropwasgrowingmuchslowerthanheexpected.Oneday,hecameupwithanidea__65___hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.Hedidsothenextday.Hewasverytired__66__doingthisforawholeday,__67__hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid"grow"__68__(high).Hissonheardaboutthisandwenttoseethecrop.Unfortunatelytheleavesofthecropbegantowither.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir__69__(nature)course.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften__70__(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.力气拓展：【2022届河南开封市冲刺卷】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。M:I'msorelieved.Ijustfinishedthestorylwasworkingonforourcreativewritingcourse.W:Ihaven'tfinishedmine61.Ihadtrouble62(get)pastthebeginning.M:Howcome?W:Iwasreallyhappytobewritingadetectivestory.Butafterthefirstfewpages,Ijust63writeanymore.M:Thesamething64(happen)tome.YoucantalktoMrsWilsonaboutit.W:Actually,1wenttoaskformoretimetofinishthewriting.Butinsteadshegavemesomegoodadvice.