专升本英语考试辅导上课讲义

时态和语态Contents主要时态1主动语态和被动语态2真题精炼344）现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：AnnwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.Onceenvironmentaldamage__________,ittakesmanyyearsforthesystemtorecover.

A)hasdone

B)istodo

C)does

D)isdone

2一般过去时的用法1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等。例如：

Wheredidyougojustnow?刚才你上哪儿去了？2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.WhenevertheBrownswentduringtheirvisit,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.IdecidedtogotothelibraryassoonasI_______.

A)finishwhatIdid

B)finishedwhatIdid

C)wouldfinishwhatIwasdoing

D)finishedwhatIwasdoing

句型：Itistimethatsb.didsth.“时间已迟了”

“早该……了”，例如Itistimeyouwenttobed.

would（had）rathersb.didsth.表示‘宁愿某人做某事’。例如：I'dratheryoucametomorrow.4）wish,wonder,think,hope等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。Mrs.DarbylivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.（含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）Mrs.DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.（含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）注意：用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。1）动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend等。例如：Didyouwantanythingelse?

Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.2）情态动词could,would。例如：

Couldyoulendmeyourbike?usedto/be/getusedto

usedto+do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如：

Motherusednottobesoforgetfulbeusedto+doing：对……已感到习惯，或"习惯于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如：

Heisusedtoavegetariandiet.

Scarfisusedtotakingawalk.3.一般将来时1)shall/willWhichparagraphshallIreadfirst？Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?2)begoingto+不定式，表示将来。

a.主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?

b.计划，安排要发生的事。例如：Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。3）be+不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.注意：beto表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，begoingto表示主观的打算或计划。例如：

Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排）

I'mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排）4）beaboutto+不定式，意为马上做某事HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.一般现在时表将来下列动词come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.

以here,there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如：Herecomesthebus.Theregoesthebell.用现在进行时表示将来

下列动词come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如：

I'mleavingtomorrow.

Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?4.现在完成时；have（has）+过去分词。一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow等，皆为具体的时间状语。现在完成时的时间状语：for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always等，皆不确定的时间状语。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了）GreatasNewtonwas,manyofhisideas___________todayandarebeingmodifiedbytheworkofscientistsofourtime.

A)aretochallenge

C)havebeenchallenged

B)maybechallenged

D)arechallenging

用于现在完成时的句型1）Itisthefirst/secondtime....that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.注意：Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.2）Thisis+形容词最高级+that…结构，that从句要用现在完成时。例如：ThisisthebestfilmthatI've（ever）seen.5.过去完成时Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisonhadbegantomakealivingbyhimself.Thestudents___busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe___intheoffice.

A.hadwritten,left

B，werewriting,hasleft

C.hadwritten,hadleft

D.werewriting,hadleftUntilthen,hisfamily_________fromhimforsixmonths.

A)didn‘thear

C)hasn’theard

B)hasn‘tbeenhearing

D)hadn'theard

6.将来完成时：willhavedone

a.状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如：Theywillhavebeenmarriedfor20yearsbythen.b.动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如：YouwillhavereachedShanghaibythistimetomorrow.Allthemachines______bytheendofthefollowingweek.a.wererepairedb.wouldberepairedc.willhavebeenrepairedd.werebeingrepairBythetimethecourseends,______alotaboutBritain.a.we’lllearntb.wearelearningc.wehavelearntd.we’llhavelearntItisreportedthatbytheendofthismonththeoutputofcementinthefactory______byabout10%.

A)willhaverisen

B)hasrisen

C)willberising

D)hasbeenrising

7.现在进行时a.表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。例如：

Wearewaitingforyou.b.习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：

Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）c.表示渐变，这样的动词有：get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。例如：

Theleavesareturningred.叶子在变红。

It'sgettingwarmerandwarmer.d.与always,constantly,forever等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：

Youarealwayschangingyourmind.你老是改变主意。典型例题Mydictionary___,Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstill___it.

haslost,don‘tfind

B.ismissing,don’tfind

C.haslost,haven'tfound

D.ismissing,haven'tfound.

Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,_______andperfectednow.

A)developed

B)havedeveloped

C)arebeingdeveloped

D)willhavebeendeveloped

8.过去进行时：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.

Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.Mary___adresswhenshecutherfinger.

A.made

B.ismaking

C.wasmaking

D.makesAsshe___thenewspaper,Granny___asleep.A.read；wasfalling

B.wasreading；fell

C.wasreading；wasfalling

D.read；fell9.将来进行时概念：表示将来某时进行的状态或动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。例如：

She'llbecomingsoon.她会很快来的。

I'llbemeetinghimsometimeinthefuture.Bythistimetomorrow,I'llbelyingonthebeach.明天此时，我正躺在海滩上呢。10.现在完成进行时Shehasbeenwaitingfoealetteralltheafternoon.Howlonghasitbeenraning?11.过去完成进行时Theyhadbeenwaitingforthebusforanhourbeforethebuscame.Theoldmantolsmethathehadbeenlivinghereallhislife.12.过去将来时Thefatherwascertainthathissonwouldsucceed.被动语态被动语态的构成：

be

+

过去分词

A

building

was

damaged

by

the

storm.

暴风雨毁坏了一座建筑物。

Our

plate

was

made

in

China.

我们的盘子是中国生产的。

Everybodyneedstoloveandtobelovedinthisworld.

1、被动语态的时态较常见的几种，现以动词clean为例说明：

一般现在时is/am/are+cleaned

一般过去时was/were+cleaned

一般将来时will/shallbecleaned

过去完成时had+been+cleaned

现在完成时has/havebeencleaned

过去进行时was/werebeingcleaned

现在进行时is/am/arebeingcleaned

历年英语考试中出现的被动语态

英语考试中的被动语态主要考查了一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、含有情态动词等的被动语态。例1：Onceenvironmentaldamage__________,ittakesmanyyearsforthesystemtorecover.(CET-4,1997/6)

A)hasdone

B)istodo

C)does

D)isdone

Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,_______andperfectednow.（CET-4，1996/1）

A)developed

B)havedeveloped

C)arebeingdeveloped

D)willhavebeendeveloped

例3：GreatasNewtonwas,manyofhisideas___________todayandarebeingmodifiedbytheworkofscientistsofourtime.（CET-4，1997/1）

A)aretochallenge

B)maybechallengedC)havebeenchallenged

D)arechallenging

例4：Asteachersweshouldconcernourselveswithwhatissaid,notwhatwethink________.（CET-4，1997/6）

A)oughttobesaid

B)mustsay

C)havetobesaid

D)needtosay

Theglass______.It_____bylittleTomthismorning.

A.broke,isbrokenB.isbroken,wasbroken

C.wasbroken,brokeD.hasbeenbroken,broken08年Thesmallvillageissaid_____inabattleduringWWII.A.tohavebeendestroyedB.tobedestroyedC.todestroyD.tohavedestroyedHe___somepiecesofadvice,buthe____tothem.

A.gave,didn'tlistenB.wasgiven,wasn'tlistened

C.give,wasn'tlistenedD.wasgiven,didn'tlisten

Wecan'tusethebridgenow,becauseit______.

A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairingC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepairedWhenwater______,itwillbechangedintovapour.

A.isheatedB.heatingC.hasheatedD.heats

Wecan'tentertheroombecauseitsdoor______.

A.lockedB.locks