Unit-5-单元易错综合练习

Unit5单元易错综合练习（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共30分，略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AExperienceCollegeatHarvardChallengeyourselfincollege-levelacademics.Meetnewfriendsfromaroundtheworld.Strengthenyourcollegeapplication.And,buildimportantlifeskillsthatcanmakeyourfuturecollegeexperienceasuccess.Pre-CollegeProgramAnintenseandexcitingglimpseintothecollegeexperience.Duringthisintensivetwo-weekprogram,youwilltakethefirststepstowardyourcollegejourneyalongsideadiversegroupofexceptionalhighschoolstudents.•ChallengeyourselfinacollegecoursetaughtbyHarvardfacultyandaffiliates,withoutthepressureofgrades.•Engagewithyourpeersinstructuredco-curricularactivities,collegereadinessworkshops,andsocialevents.•Twoweeks,non-creditSecondarySchoolProgramImmerseyourselfincollegelifeforsevenweeks!Inthisdynamicseven-weekprogram,youcanearncollegecreditwhileexperiencingfirsthandwhatit’sreallyliketobeacollegestudent.•Chooseoneortwocollege-levelclassesthatdelvedeeplyintosubjectsthatreallyexciteyouandmaynotbeofferedinhighschool.•Prepareforthefutureasyouexperiencewhatit’sreallyliketobalanceresponsibilitywithindependenceinoneofthreeprogramformats–online,commuting,orresidential.•Sevenweeks,collegecreditApplicationisnowopenforbothhighschoolprograms!Seeprogramcalendarsforimportantdatesanddeadlines.Togetourupdates,joinourmailinglistforhelpfulinformationandimportantdeadlines.Startyoureducationjourneytoday!1．Whatcanwelearnaboutthetwoprograms?A．Allthelearningactivitiestakeplaceonline.B．Theyarerequiredproceduresforcollegeapplication.C．Theychallengethestudentswithcollege-levelcourses.D．Studentscanearncollegecreditsafterlearningthetwoprograms.2．Accordingtothispassage,applicantscan________.A．starttoapplyforbothprogramsnowB．payfortheprogramcalendarsfromtodayC．applyfortheprogramsthroughouttheyearD．downloadamailinglisttogethelpfulupdates3．Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A．ToraisemoneyforHarvardSummerPrograms.B．ToshowthediversecoursesinHarvardUniversity.C．Tosharethecollegelearningexperiencewithreaders.D．TointroduceHarvardSummerProgramsforhighschoolstudents.BNearlytwoyearsaftertheCOVID-19outbreak,ChinahasgrantedapprovaltoitsfirstantibodycombinationtherapyforCOVID-19treatment,addingatooltotheworld’sfightagainstthedisease.AteamfromTsinghuaUniversity,alongwiththeShenzhenPeople’sHospital,hasaccomplishedthetaskin20months.Itwouldusuallytake10years.“Itcanreducetherateofhospitalizationanddeathby80percent,”saidZhangLinqi,leaderoftheresearchteam.Thenewantibodydrugisimmediatelyeffectiveafterbeingused.Moreover,thetherapycanprotectpeople,especiallythosewhosephysicalconditiondoesn’tallowvaccination(接种疫苗),frombecominginfected(感染)byCOVID-19foraround9to12months,saidZhang.Howdoesitwork?Whenavirusinfectsacell,itreliesonanimportanttypeofprotein:thespikeproteins(棘突蛋白)onitssurface.Thespikeproteinsserveasakeytounlockingacell.Ifaviruscannotenteracell,itwilldisappearimmediately.Thejobofourantibodiesistoblockthevirusfromenteringcells.Soitstargetisveryprecise.Inaddition,thankstothecoordinationbetweenthetwoantibodies,itishighlyefficientinpreventingthevirus,accordingtoZhang.Thequalitiesofthenewdrugmakeitespeciallyusefulforhigh-riskgroups,suchasfrontlinemedicalworkersandpeoplenotsuitableforvaccinationduetovariousunderlyinghealthproblems.Thenewdrugisexpectedtocometothemarketsoon,butit’snotcheap.That’sbecauseoflimitedproduction.NotingthatChinahasusedscienceandtechnologytofightCOVID-19sincethebeginningoftheoutbreak,Zhangsaid,“Scienceisthekeytosolvingtheissue.Sciencehasshownitspowerinallsectors,frommedicaltreatment,medicineandvaccinedevelopmenttopreventionandcontrolmeasures.”4．Whatcanweknowaboutthenewtherapyaccordingtoparagraph1andparagraph2?A．It’sthefirstwaytotreatCOVID-19.B．Itdramaticallyimprovesthesurvivalrateofpatients.C．Ittakesresearchers10yearstodevelopthenewdrug.D．ItwasdevelopedbytheteamfromoneofChina’stopuniversities.5．Whichstatementdoestheauthorprobablyagreewith?A．Onlymedicalworkerscantakethisdrug.B．Antibodiesstopspikeproteinsenteringacell.C．Thenewdrugtakeseffectafteraperiodofuse.D．Thenewdrugcanprotectpeoplefrominfectionforlife.6．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Itiseasytoproducethedrug.B．Thenewdrughasbeenputintouse.C．Zhangthoughthighlyofthepowerofscience.D．Chinaisthefirstcountrytousetechnologytofightdisease.7．Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?A．Atextbook.B．Aneducationalmagazine.C．Amedicaljournal.D．Atouristguide.CAgroundbreakingnewstudyfindsthatcoffeebeansarebiggerandmoreplentifulwhenbirdsandbeesteamuptoprotectandpollinate(授粉)coffeeplants.Withoutthesewingedhelpers,sometravelingthousandsofmiles,coffeefarmerswouldseea25%dropincrops,alossofroughly$1,066peracreofcoffee.That’simportantforthe$26billioncoffeeindustry—includingconsumers,farmers,andcorporationswhodependonnature’sunpaidlabor—buttheresearchgoesbeyondthat.ThestudyintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesisthefirsttoshow,usingreal-worldexperimentsat30coffeefarms,thatthecontributionsofnature—inthiscase,beepollinationcombinedwithpest(害虫)controlbybirds—arelargerthantheirindividualcontributions.“Untilnow,researchershavetypicallycalculatedthebenefitsofnatureseparately,andthensimplyaddedthemup,whichactuallyunderestimatesthebenefitsbiodiversityprovidestoagricultureandhumanwellbeing,”saysleadexpertAlejandra.“Butnatureisaninteractingsystem,fullofimportantsynergies(协同).Weshowtheecologicalandeconomicimportanceoftheseinteractionsinoneofthefirstexperimentsinactualfarms.”Fortheexperiment,researchersdealtwithcoffeeplantsacross30farms,excludingbirdsandbeeswithacombinationoflargenetsandsmallbags.Theytestedfourkeysituations:birdactivityalone,beeactivityalone,nobirdorbeeactivityatall,andfinally,anaturalenvironment,wherebeesandbirdswerefreetopollinateandeatinsectslikethecoffeeberryborer,oneofthemostdamagingpestsaffectingcoffeeproductionworldwide.Thecombinedpositiveeffectsofbirdsandbeesonfruitset,fruitweightandfruituniformity—keyfactorsinqualityandprice—weregreaterthantheirindividualeffects,thestudyshows.“Birds,bees,andmillionsofotherspeciessupportourlivesandlivelihoods,butfacethreatslikehabitatdestructionandclimatechange,”saysAlejandra.“Oneimportantreasonwemeasurethesecontributionsistohelpprotectthemanyspeciesthatwedependon,andsometimestakeforgranted.”8．Whatdoesthenewresearchfocuson?A．Waystoincreasecoffeeproduction.B．Wingedhelpers’effectsoncoffeeplants.C．Factorsaffectingcoffeeplants’pollination.D．Theimportanceofpestcontroloncoffeeplants.9．Whichofthefollowingisamajorboosttothecoffeeindustry?A．High-qualityservice. B．Governmentintervention.C．Expandinginvestment. D．Maintainingbiodiversity.10．Howdidtheresearchersconductthetestsaccordingtoparagraph5?A．Byintroducingaconcept. B．Bymakingcomparisons.C．Byexplainingstatisticaldata. D．Byreferringtoapreviousstudy.11．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Advertisement. B．Health. C．Science. D．Travel.DBicycleridinghastakentheworldbystorm.Bicyclesaretypicallymadeofsteeloraluminum(铝)butnowthereisauniquecompanythatisgrowingbikesontrees,literally.ThesebicyclesaremadeofBritishgrownashtreesbyWelshmakerAndyDix.HisHay-on-Wyecompany,TwmpaFrames,ismakingbikesthatareofhighperformanceandenvironmentallysustainable.“It’sgreattopushformorebikesandfewercarsontheroad,butthere’snoescapingthefactthatthebikeindustryasawholeisprettyenergyintensive,”DixtoldCyclingIndustry,“I’vealwaystriedtominimizeenvironmentalimpactinmywork.Ratherthanrelyingonheavily-processedmetals,orlayersofplasticthatwillonedayendupinlandfill,I’mbuildingbikesfromcapturedcarbon,inaprocesspoweredbysunlight.”Ittooktwoyearstobuildtheprototype(雏形)thatwasmadefromashwood.Dixtestedthewoodenbikeontheroughestroadshecouldfindanddiscoveredthatitwascomfortable,durable,andexcellentatabsorbingshakes.Heputmorethan3,000milesonthebike.Dixexplained,“Iwasrunningalongbatteredroadsthatwouldhaveshakenmetobitsonaaluminumbike.Thepennydropped.NotonlycouldImakeabikeoutofwood,butithadinherentadvantagesoverothermaterials.”Thoughcuttingdowntreescanaddtomorecarbonintheatmosphere,sustainabletreefarmingispossible.DixsaidthatmanufacturingaBritishtonneofaluminumresultsincarbonemissionsof4,532kgwhileproducingatonneofwoodonlyemits457kg.Currently,thecostofanewTwmpaCycleisout-of-reachformanybicycleriders;buttheideaofusingsustainablematerialslikeashtreescouldstartanewcyclingrevolutionthatputstheenvironmentfirst.Helpingtheenvironmentcouldbejustapedalaway.12．What’sparagraph2mainlyabout?A．Thematerialsforbuildingbikes. B．Thedrivingforceforwoodenbikes.C．Theproblemswithcyclingindustry. D．Theprocessofbuildingwoodenbikes.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“Thepennydropped”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Thetruthcameout. B．Moneywasmissing.C．Thebikebrokedown. D．Theeffortswereinvain.14．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Loggingtreesisawrongpractice.B．Developingsustainableforestryisamust.C．Carbonemissioncallsforurgentattention.D．Thewoodenbikedoesmoregoodthanharm.15．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleofthetext?A．LessCarbon,MoreSustainable B．Amazing?BikesGrowonTreesC．NoInnovation,NoDevelopment D．Amusing?BikeRidingIsTakingoff第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。DidyouknowthatAlbertEinsteindidn’tspeakatallforthefirst3yearsofhislife?Peoplethoughthewaslazyandunintelligent.Buthenevergaveupandhepushedthroughadversitytobecomeoneofthemostbrilliantmindsofalltime.Youdon’thavetobeaphysicsgeniustoovercomeadversityinyourownlife,butit’seasytofeeloverwhelmedsometimes.____16____Apositivemindcanmakeovercomingadversityeasier.____17____Whileit’struethatyouneedtoberealisticandseethingsclearly,ifyouvieweverythingwithanegativemind,you’llonlyseethebadthings.Pushoutpessimisticthoughtsandattitudessoyoucanfocusonfindingwaystokeeppushingthroughadversity.____18____Itcanhelpyougiveyourselffeedbackaboutyourlife,helpyoubetterunderstandyourcurrentsituation,andhelpyouthinkoutsidetheboxandfindsolutionstoproblemsyou’redealingwith.Trytospendafewminuteseachdaywritingdownwhateveremotions,feelings,orthoughtscometomind.Writeaboutthingsthatweredifficultorthatyou’restrugglingwithsoyoucanthinkaboutpotentialsolutions.Preparingyourselfforadversitycanmakeiteasiertodealwith.Adversityisprettymuchanecessaryinlife,especiallyifyou’reworkingtowardabiggoal.Thekeyistokeeppushinginthefaceofit.____19____Expecttohavetodealwithsetbacksanddifficultiesandkeepfaiththatyoucanovercomeanyadversitythatcomesyourway.Youcanlearnalotfromothersabouthowtodealwithadversity.LooktohistoricalfigureswhosurvivedanddealtwithextraordinaryadversitysuchasHelenKellerorFranklinRoosevelt.Youcanalsolookaroundyouatpeopleinyourlifewhohavedealtwithadversity,suchasfriends,familymembers,orcolleagues.____20____A．Useadversitytolearnandimproveyourself.B．Writingdownyourthoughtscanhelpyoustayfocused.C．Trytoremainoptimisticwheneveryou’refacedwithadifficultsituation.D．Therearesomeideasyoucanusetofindabetterwaytodealwithadversity.E．Emotionsaren’tnecessarilyabadthing,buttheycanmakeyouunreasonable.F．It’ssafetoassumethatyou’regoingtofacesomestruggles,somentallyprepareforit.G．Usetheirsuccessstoriesasinspirationtohelpyoukeeppushingbackagainstadversity.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。DiebedoFrancisKcreisayoungarchitectfromAfrica.Therewasno___21___schoolwhenMr.KerewasgrowingupinGando,oneoftheworld'spoorestcountries.Sincechildhoodhehadalrendyhadakeensenseof___22___.Hisfamilysenthimawaytoschoolattheageofsevenandhedidnot___23___them.HewonascholarshipfromtheGermangovernmentandwenttostudyinGermany.___24___stillstudyingforhisarchitecturedegreeinBerlin,Mr.Kerelearnedthattheschoolbuildinginhishometownwasonthepointof___25___.Theschoolhadbeenbuiltsomeyearspreviously.___26___tosharewithhisvillagetheadvantagesthat___27___hadgivenhim.Mr.KerelaunchedtheSchoolBricksforGandoprojectand___28___raisingmoneyneededtobuildaschool.Openedin2001,theschoolnow___29___morethan300pupils.Theschoolnotonly_____30_____educationforthevillagechildren,butisusedtopassonnewskillsand_____31_____totheentirevillage."Africaisfullofverybrightand_____32_____youngpeople.Butonlythrough

_____33_____toeducationwilltheybeabletobuildthemselvesabetterworld.Forme,GandoSchoolisa_____34_____becausethevillagersnolongerseeitasawasteoftimefortheirchildrentobeinschool_____35_____workinginthefields."Keresaid.21．A．art B．medical C．business D．local22．A．loss B．occasion C．responsibility D．family23．A．blame B．disappoint C．cheat D．trouble24．A．While B．Although C．Whenever D．Since25．A．sale B．opening C．collapse D．exchange26．A．Determined B．Reminded C．Asked D．Encouraged27．A．poverty B．courage C．fortune D．education28．A．setabout B．insistedon C．pickedup D．lookedinto29．A．monitors B．feeds C．advises D．counts30．A．changes B．funds C．provides D．spares31．A．tradition B．knowledge C．wealth D．freedom32．A．generous B．patient C．modest D．capable33．A．devotion B．access C．tendency D．application34．A．treat B．term C．success D．promise35．A．insteadof B．exceptfor C．thanksto D．farfrom第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分,满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。WiththeInternationalConferenceonFoodLossandWasteclosedonSaturdayinJinan,ShandongProvince,thecountryhassentasignalto____36____worldthatChinawilldealwithissuesconcerningfoodsecuritybyreducinglossandwasteinagriculture.Withthethemeofreducingfoodlossandfoodwasteandpromoting____37____(globe)foodsecurity,thethree-dayevent____38____(hold)bothonlineandofflineattractedmorethan300participants.Thecurrentworldgrainproductionisabout2.8billiontonsayear.Therefore,thelossofonlyonepercentage____39____(be)equaltothelossof28milliontonsoffood.Thiscanfeedabout70millionpeople.Inrecentyears,China____40____(make)greatprogressincontrollinglossandwasteinfood,withmaineffortsincludingupgradingfacilitiesand____41____(equip).InShandongProvince,China’smajorgrainproducer,theSinograin(中粮集团)grainstoragesiteisequippedwith4,500high-definitioncamerasand280,000temperaturesensors____42____(ensure)thatthestock(储备)isinthebestcondition.DatashowsthatduringChina’s13thFive-YearPlanperiod(2016-2020),about13milliontonsoffoodhadbeensaved____43____(year)afterproduction.Wecannotendhunger____44____wedonotdealwiththehighlevelsoffoodlossandwaste.Cooperationandinnovations(创新)inbusinessmodels,technologiesanddigitalsolutionscouldallcontribute____45____reducingfoodlossandwaste.第四部分写作（共两节,满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46．食品安全对我们来说是非常重要的，我们怎样才能使食品安全呢？请以食品安全（FoodSafety）为主题，写一篇短文。词数100左右。1.食品安全的重要性。2.保证食品安全的措施。3.提出倡议。第二节（满分25分）47．读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。FormanyyearsIhavebeenfeelingpityfororphans(孤儿).Theylacktheloveoftheirparentsandneedtheloveandhelpofothers.SoIamdoingwhatIcantohelpthem.Ivisitedthemmanytimestoexperiencetheirdailylife.ThreeyearsagoIevenlivedwiththeorphansonthestreet.Thesekidswouldmostlybegthroughthedaytobuysomefoodforthemselvesoreatthefoodgiventothembythepeoplepassingby.Oneunusualincidenthappenedduringmysecondweekofstayingwiththemonthesidewalk.IsatwiththemandsharedthemealIhadboughtforthemfromanearbyrestaurant.Theysatwithmeinacircleandhappilystartedeating.Suddenlyoneofthem,atwelve-year-oldboy,caughtmyhand,lookedatmeandremovedmywatch,andIcontinuedeatingthemealwithoutturningaroundtoseewherethelittleboyranwithmywatch.Afteraboutforty-fiveminutesheshowedupandsatbesidemeagain.Ijustlookedathimandsmiledwithoutsayinganythingaboutthewatch.Thelittleboytookasmallpacketfromhispocket,openedit,hadabiteofthebreadandofferedthesamebreadtome.Itookitandateitwillingly.AssoonasIfinishedeatingthebread,asmileappearedonhisface.Slowlyheputhishandinhispocketandreturnedmywatch.Ismiledathimandworemywatchonceagain.ThelittleboylaterontoldmethatIpassedthetest.Paragraph1:IwasalittlesurprisedandaskedhimwhattestIpassed.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:ThenIaskedhimwhyhegavemefoodtoeat.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案：1．C2．A3．D【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了哈佛体验学院的两个项目的详细信息1．细节理解题。根据Pre-CollegeProgram中的“•ChallengeyourselfinacollegecoursetaughtbyHarvardfacultyandaffiliates,withoutthepressureofgrades.(•在哈佛大学教授的课程中挑战自己，没有分数的压力。)”和SecondarySchoolProgram中的“•Chooseoneortwocollege-levelclassesthatdelvedeeplyintosubjectsthatreallyexciteyouandmaynotbeofferedinhighschool.(•选择一到两门大学水平的课程，深入研究那些真正让你兴奋的、高中可能不会提供的科目。)”可知，这两个项目都用大学水平的课程挑战学生。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Applicationisnowopenforbothhighschoolprograms!(现在两所高中的项目申请都开放了。)”可知，申请人可以现在开始申请两个项目。故选A。3．推理判断题。阅读全文以及标题ExperienceCollegeatHarvard(哈佛体验学院)和第一段Challengeyourselfincollege-levelacademics.Meetnewfriendsfromaroundtheworld.Strengthenyourcollegeapplication.And,buildimportantlifeskillsthatcanmakeyourfuturecollegeexperienceasuccess.(在大学水平的学术中挑战自己。认识来自世界各地的新朋友。加强你的大学申请。此外,培养重要的生活技能,使你未来的大学生活获得成功。)可知本文主要介绍了哈佛体验学院的两个项目的详细信息,可推断，本文的目的是为高中学生介绍哈佛暑期项目。故选D。4．B5．B6．C7．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍的是中国批准的首个用于治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎的抗体联合疗法及该疗法的原理和作用。4．细节理解题。根据第二段关键句““Itcanreducetherateofhospitalizationanddeathby80percent,”saidZhangLinqi,leaderoftheresearchteam.(“它可以将住院率和死亡率降低80%，”研究小组组长张林奇说)”可知，这种新疗法可以将住院率和死亡率降低80%，换句话说，新疗法显著提高了患者的存活率。故选B项。5．推理判断题。根据第四段关键句“Howdoesitwork?Whenavirusinfectsacell,itreliesonanimportanttypeofprotein:thespikeproteins(刺突蛋白)onitssurface.Thespikeproteinsserveasakeytounlockingacell.Ifaviruscannotenteracell,itwilldisappearimmediately.Thejobofourantibodiesistoblockthevirusfromenteringcells.(它是如何产生作用的？当病毒感染细胞时，它依赖于一种重要的蛋白质：其表面的刺突蛋白。刺突蛋白是解锁细胞的钥匙。如果病毒不能进入细胞，它会立即消失。我们的抗体的作用是阻止病毒进入细胞)”可知，病毒感染细胞时依赖于刺突蛋白，抗体阻止病毒进入细胞，也就是说抗体可以阻止刺突蛋白进入细胞。由此可知，作者可能同意“抗体阻止刺突蛋白进入细胞”这一说法。故选B项。6．推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“NotingthatChinahasusedscienceandtechnologytofightCOVID-19sincethebeginningoftheoutbreak,Zhangsaid,“Scienceisthekeytosolvingtheissue.Sciencehasshownitspowerinallsectors,frommedicaltreatment,medicineandvaccinedevelopmenttopreventionandcontrolmeasures.”(张指出，自疫情爆发以来，中国一直在利用科学技术抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎，他说：“科学是解决这一问题的关键。从医疗、药物和疫苗开发到预防和控制措施，科学在各个领域都显示出了其影响力。”)”可知，张认为科学是解决疫情的关键，在各个领域都显示出了其影响力。由此可知，张高度评价了科学的力量。故选C项。7．推理判断题。通读文章，结合第一段内容“NearlytwoyearsaftertheCOVID-19outbreak,ChinahasgrantedapprovaltoitsfirstantibodycombinationtherapyforCOVID-19treatment,addingatooltotheworld’sfightagainstthedisease.(在新型冠状病毒肺炎爆发近两年后，中国批准了首个用于治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎的抗体联合疗法，为世界抗击该疾病增添了一个工具)”可知，本文主要介绍的是中国批准的首个用于治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎的抗体联合疗法及该疗法的原理和作用。由此可知，这是一篇和医疗相关的文章，最有可能出自一本医学杂志。故选C项。8．B9．D10．B11．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项突破性的新研究发现，当鸟类和蜜蜂合作保护咖啡树并为其授粉时，咖啡豆会更大、更丰富。8．细节理解题。根据第二段“Withoutthesewingedhelpers,sometravelingthousandsofmiles,coffeefarmerswouldseea25%dropincrops,alossofroughly$1,066peracreofcoffee.That’simportantforthe$26billioncoffeeindustry—includingconsumers,farmers,andcorporationswhodependonnature’sunpaidlabor—buttheresearchgoesbeyondthat.(如果没有这些带翅膀的帮手，有些需要长途跋涉数千英里，咖啡农的收成将下降25%，每英亩咖啡的损失约为1066美元。这对价值260亿美元的咖啡产业来说很重要——包括依赖大自然无偿劳动的消费者、农民和企业——但研究的范围不止于此)”可知，新研究关注的是长翅膀的帮手对咖啡树的影响。故选B。9．细节理解题。根据第四段““Untilnow,researchershavetypicallycalculatedthebenefitsofnatureseparately,andthensimplyaddedthemup,whichactuallyunderestimatesthebenefitsbiodiversityprovidestoagricultureandhumanwellbeing,”saysleadexpertAlejandra.(“到目前为止，研究人员通常单独计算自然的好处，然后简单地把它们加起来，这实际上低估了生物多样性对农业和人类福祉的好处，”首席专家Alejandra说)”可知，维护生物多样性是对咖啡产业的重大推动。故选D。10．推理判断题。根据第五段“Fortheexperiment,researchersdealtwithcoffeeplantsacross30farms,excludingbirdsandbeeswithacombinationoflargenetsandsmallbags.Theytestedfourkeysituations:birdactivityalone,beeactivityalone,nobirdorbeeactivityatall,andfinally,anaturalenvironment,wherebeesandbirdswerefreetopollinateandeatinsectslikethecoffeeberryborer,oneofthemostdamagingpestsaffectingcoffeeproductionworldwide.Thecombinedpositiveeffectsofbirdsandbeesonfruitset,fruitweightandfruituniformity—keyfactorsinqualityandprice—weregreaterthantheirindividualeffects,thestudyshows.(在实验中，研究人员在30个农场中处理咖啡植物，不包括鸟类和蜜蜂，同时使用大网和小袋子。他们测试了四种关键情况：只有鸟的活动，只有蜜蜂的活动，没有鸟或蜜蜂的活动，最后，一个自然环境，蜜蜂和鸟类可以自由授粉和吃昆虫，比如咖啡浆果蛀虫，这是影响全球咖啡生产的最具破坏性的害虫之一。研究显示，鸟类和蜜蜂对坐果率、果实重量和果实均匀度的综合积极影响——这些都是影响质量和价格的关键因素)”可知，研究人员通过对比进行测试的。故选B。11．推理判断题。根据第一段“Agroundbreakingnewstudyfindsthatcoffeebeansarebiggerandmoreplentifulwhenbirdsandbeesteamuptoprotectandpollinate(授粉)coffeeplants.(一项突破性的新研究发现，当鸟类和蜜蜂合作保护咖啡树并为其授粉时，咖啡豆会更大、更丰富)”可知，这是一篇新研究。由此推知，文章也许选自报纸的科学版面。故选C。12．B13．A14．D15．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。威尔士家具制造商AndyDix使用英国种植的白蜡树制造自行车，这将减少环境污染，对环境保护有非常重要的意义。12．主旨大意题。根据第二段“I’vealwaystriedtominimizeenvironmentalimpactinmywork.Ratherthanrelyingonheavily-processedmetals,orlayersofplasticthatwillonedayendupinlandfill,I’mbuildingbikesfromcapturedcarbon,inaprocesspoweredbysunlight.(我一直试图在我的工作中尽量减少对环境的影响。我不再依赖于过度加工的金属，或终有一天会被填埋的塑料，而是用碳制造自行车，这个制造过程由阳光驱动。)”可推知，本段中Dix介绍了他用碳和太阳能制造自行车的原因是尽量减少对环境的影响，所以本段主要讲了他制作木制自行车的推动力。故选B项。13．词义猜测题。根据第三段划线句前“Dixtestedthewoodenbikeontheroughestroadshecouldfindanddiscoveredthatitwascomfortable,durable,andexcellentatabsorbingshakes.(Dix在他能找到的最崎岖的道路上测试了这辆木制自行车，发现它舒适、耐用，并且非常善于减震。)”和“Iwasrunningalongbatteredroadsthatwouldhaveshakenmetobitsonaaluminumbike.(我在一条颠簸的路上骑着自行车，如果骑上一辆铝制自行车，我会被震得浑身发抖。)”可知，Dix对木质自行车进行了一系列测试，结合划线句后“NotonlycouldImakeabikeoutofwood,butithadinherentadvantagesoverothermaterials.(我不仅能用木头做自行车，而且木头比其他材料有固有的优势。)”可知，测试结果令人满意，所以划线句“Thepennydropped.”是对测试的总结，结合选项，“Thetruthcameout.(真相大白了)”与划线句意思相近。故选A项。14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thoughcuttingdowntreescanaddtomorecarbonintheatmosphere,sustainabletreefarmingispossible.DixsaidthatmanufacturingaBritishtonneofaluminumresultsincarbonemissionsof4,532kgwhileproducingatonneofwoodonlyemits457kg.Currently,thecostofanewTwmpaCycleisout-of-reachformanybicycleriders;buttheideaofusingsustainablematerialslikeashtreescouldstartanewcyclingrevolutionthatputstheenvironmentfirst.Helpingtheenvironmentcouldbejustapedalaway.(虽然砍伐树木会增加大气中的碳，但可持续的树木种植是可能的。Dix说，生产一吨铝会产生4532千克的碳排放，而生产一吨木材只会产生457千克的碳排放。目前，一辆新的Twmpa自行车的成本对于许多骑自行车的人来说是遥不可及的；但将环境放在首位，使用白蜡树等可持续材料的想法可能会引发一场新的自行车革命。帮助环境可能只是一步之遥。)”可推知，虽然砍伐树木会造成一定的环境污染，但砍伐树木比生产铝造成的污染少很多，而且白蜡树将可能可持续种植，这对环境来说还是利大于弊的。故选D项。15．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“Bicyclesaretypicallymadeofsteeloraluminumbutnowthereisauniquecompanythatisgrowingbikesontrees,literally.(自行车通常由钢或铝制成，但现在有一家独特的公司能让树上长出自行车。)”可知，本文介绍了威尔士家具制造商AndyDix使用英国种植的白蜡树制造自行车，这将减少环境污染，对环境保护有非常重要的意义，B项“Amazing?BikesGrowonTrees(神奇吗?自行车长在树上)”新颖有趣，引出话题，是文章最佳标题。故选B项。16．D17．C18．B19．F20．G【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了几种如何应对逆境的方法。16．本文是总分结构，空处位于第一段段尾，有承上启下的作用。根据上文“Youdon’thavetobeaphysicsgeniustoovercomeadversityinyourownlife,butit’seasytofeeloverwhelmedsometimes.(你不一定要成为一个物理天才才能克服自己生活中的逆境，但有时很容易感到不知所措。)”可知，文章接下来要叙述如何应对逆境，所以D项“有一些想法可以用来找到更好的应对逆境的方法”符合题意。故选D项。17．根据本段首句“Apositivemindcanmakeovercomingadversityeasier.(积极的心态可以使克服逆境更容易。)”可知，本段主要讲述用积极的心态应对困境，所以C项“当你面临困难时，试着保持乐观”符合上下文逻辑关系。故选C项。18．空处位于段首。根据下文“Itcanhelpyougiveyourselffeedbackaboutyourlife,helpyoubetterunderstandyourcurrentsituation,andhelpyouthinkoutsidetheboxandfindsolutionstoproblemsyou’redealingwith.Trytospendafewminuteseachdaywritingdownwhateveremotions,feelings,orthoughtscometomind.(它可以帮助你对自己的生活提供反馈，帮助你更好地了解你当前的情况，帮助你跳出思维定式，找到你正在处理的问题的解决方案。试着每天花几分钟时间写下脑海中的情绪、感受或想法。)”可知，本段讲述的是用写作的方法应对逆境，所以B选项“写下你的想法可以帮助你保持专注”符合题意。故选B项。19．根据本段首句“Preparingyourselfforadversitycanmakeiteasiertodealwith.(为逆境做好准备可以使其更容易应对。)”可知，本段讲述的是自身要做好应对逆境的准备；而空处前一句“Thekeyistokeeppushinginthefaceofit.(关键是要继续面对它。)”也表明要面对逆境，所以F选项“可以放心地假设你将面临一些困难，所以要做好心理准备”符合文意。故选F项。20．空处位于段尾，需要根据本段文意选择合适选项。根据本段首句“Youcanlearnalotfromothersabouthowtodealwithadversity.(你可以从别人那里学到很多关于如何应对逆境的知识。)”及根据下文“LooktohistoricalfigureswhosurvivedanddealtwithextraordinaryadversitysuchasHelenKellerorFranklinRoosevelt.Youcanalsolookaro