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2021年12月大学英语四级考试真题试卷(第3套)
PartIWriting(30minutes)
Directions:Supposeyouhavejustparticipatedinaschoolprojectofcollectingusedbookson
campus.Youarenowtowritea()reportabouttheproject,whichmayincludeitsaim,organizers,
participantsanaactivities.Youwillhave30minutestowritethereport.Youshouldwriteatleast
120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)
说明:由于2021年12月四级考试全国共考了两套听力,本套真题听力与前两套内容相同,
只是选项顺序不同,因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。
PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectoneword
foreachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassage
throughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Please
markthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthe
centre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Thesheetsaredampwithsweat.You*recold,butyourheartisracingasifakillerjustchased
youdownadarkstreet.Itwasjustanightmare,youtellyourself;there'snothingtobeafraidof.But
you*restillfilledwith26.
Givenhowunsettlingandhauntingnightmarescanbe,isthereawayfordreamersto27
oreventurno优thesebaddreamsastheyhappen?
Researchis28,butsomestudiessuggestthatpeoplewhocanmasterluciddreaming-that
is,theabilitytobe29thatanightmareishappeningandpossiblyevencontrolitwithoutwaking
up-mayholdthe30.
Nightmaresarepartofthehumanexperience,especiallyforkids.Doctors31don't
consideroccasionalnightmaresaproblem.Theycanjustbesymptomsofasleepdisorderthatcan
32fromanunpleasantexperience,stress,orcertaindrugs.
Totreatthedisorder,thereareanumberofmedicinesandtherapiesthatarebackedby33
research,accordingtotheAmericanAcademyofSleepMedicine,whichanalyzedtheavailable
researchonthetreatmentofnightmaredisorderinarecent34publishedintheJournalof
ClinicalSleepMedicine.
However,nightmaresarecomplicated,andresearchersarestillstrugglingtounderstandthem,
saidDr.RachelSalas,anexpertonsleepdisordersandanassociateprofessoratJohnsHopkins
MedicineinBaltimore.Whatwedoknowisthatpeople35tohavedifferentkindsof
nightmaresatdifferentpointsduringthesleepcycle.
A)amountI)mechanical
B)answerJ)result
C)avoidK)review
D)awareL)rigorous
E)departM)tend
F)drasticallyN)timidity
G)fearO)typically
H)limited
SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Each
statementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhich
theinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce,Eachparagraphismarked
withaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
Whyitmattersthatteensarereadingless
A)Mostofusspendmuchmoretimewithdigitalmediathanwedidadecadeago.Buttoday's
teenshavegrownupwithsmartphones.Comparedwithteensacoupleofdecadesago,theway
theyinteractwithtaditionalmedialikebooksandmoviesisfundamentallydifferent.
B)AnalysisofsurveysofoveronemillionteensintheUnitedStatescollectedsince1976reveals
amajorshiftinhowteensarespendingtheirleisuretime.Paperbooksarebeingignored,in
favorofscreensDigitaldevicesarechangingotherbehaviors,too.Moreandmore,young
peoplechoosespendingtimeontheirelectronicdevicesoverengaginginotheractivities,
regardlessofthetype.Indeed,by2016,theaverageAmericanhighschoolseniorsaidtheyspent
sixhoursadaywritingtextmessages,onsocialmedia,andonlineduringtheirfreetime.And
thatcoversjustthreeactivities,andifotherdigitalmediaactivitieswereincluded,thatestimate
wouldnodoubtrise.
C)Teensdidnotalwaysspendthatmuchtimewithdigitalmedia.Onlinetimehasdoubledsince
2006,andsocialmediausehasmovedfromaperiodicactivitytoadailyoneinthesameperiod.
By2016,nearlynineoutoftenyoungwomeninthe12thgradesaidtheyvisitedsocialmedia
siteseveryday.Meanwhile,timespentplayingvideogamesrosefromunderanhouradayto
anhourandahalfonaverage.OneoutoftenAmerican8thgradestudentsin2016spent40
hoursaweekormoreplayingvideogames.Letmeemphasizethatthisisequaltothetimemost
adultsspendperweekatwork.
D)Ifteensarespendingsomuchtimeusingelectronicdevices,doesthatmeantheyhavetogive
upsometheyactivities?Maybenot.Overtheyears,manyscholarshaveinsistedthattime
onlinedoesnotnecessarilytakeawaytimespentengagingwithtraditionalmediaoronother
activities.Somepeople,theyargue,arejustmoreinterestedincertainkindsofmediaand
entertainment.Thus,usingmoreofonetypeofmediadoesnotnecessarilymeanlessofthe
other.
E)Thatmaybetrue,butthatstilldoesnottellusmuchaboutwhathappensacrossawhole
generationofpeoplewhentimespentondigitalmediagrows.Largesurveysconductedoverthe
courseofmanyyearstellusthatAmericanyoutharenotgoingtothecinemanearlyasoftenas
theydidinthepast.While70percentof8thand10thgradestudentsusedtogotothemovies
onceamonthormore,nowonlyabouthalfdothis.Moreandmore,watchingamovieis
somethingteenschoosetodoontheirelectronicdevices.Whyisthisaproblem?Onereasonis
thatgoingtothecinemaisgenerallyasocialactivity.Now,watchingmoviesissomethingthat
mostteensdoalone.Thisfitsalargerpattern.Inanotheranalysis,researchersfoundthattoday*s
teensgooutwiththeirfriendsmuchlessoftenthanpreviousgenerationsdid.
F)Butthetrendsrelatedtomoviesarelessdisturbingcomparedwiththechangeinhowteensspend
theirtime.Researchhasrevealedanenormousdeclineinreading.In1980,about60percentof
seniorhighschoolstudentssaidtheyreadabook,newspaperormagazineeverydaythatwasnot
assignedforschool.By2016,only16percentdid.Thisisahugedropanditisimportanttonote
thatthiswasnotmerelyadeclineinreadingpaperbooks,newspapersormagazines.Thesurvey
allowedforreadingmaterialsonadigitaldevice.
G)Indeed,thenumberofseniorhighschoolstudentswhosaidtheyhadnotreadanybooksfor
pleasureinthelastyearwasoneoutofthreeby2016.Thatistriplethenumberfromtwodecades
ago.Fortoday'syouth,books,newspapersandmagazineshavelessandlessofapresenceintheir
dailylives.Ofcourse,teensarestillreading.Buttheyaregenerallyreadingshorttexts.Mostof
themarenotreadinglongarticlesorbooksthatexploredeepthemesandrequirecriticalthinking
andreflection.Perhapsnotaccidentally,in2016readingscoreswerethelowesttheyhaveever
beensince1972.
H)Thismightpresentproblemsforyoungpeoplelateron.Whenhighschoolstudentsgoonto
college,theirpastandcurrentreadinghabitswillinfluencetheiracademicperformance.
Imaginegoingfromreadingtextsasshortasoneortwosentencestotryingtoreadentirebooks
writtenincomplexlanguageandcontainingsophisticatedideas.Readingandcomprehending
longerbooksandchapterstakespractice,andAmericanteensarenolongergettingthatpractice.
I)Sohowcanthisproblembesolved?Shouldparentsandteacherstakeawayteens*smartphones
andreplacethemwithpaperbooks?Probablynot.Researchhasshownthatsmartphonesare
currentlyAmericanteens1mainformofsocialcommunication.Thismeansthat,withouta
smartphone,teensarelikelytofeelisolatedfromtheirpeers.However,thatdoesnotmeanteens
needtouseelectronicdevicesasoftenastheydonow.Dataconnectingexcessivedigitalmedia
timetomentalhealthissuessuggestsalimitoftwohoursadayoffreetimespentwithscreens,
arestrictionthatwillalsoallowtimeforotheractivities一likegoingtothemovieswithfriends
orreadinglonger,morecomplicatedtexts.
J)Thelatterisespeciallyimportant.Iwouldarguethatofallthechangesbroughtaboutbythe
widespreaduseofdigitaldevices,thehugedeclineinreadingislikelytohavethebiggest
negativeimpactontoday'steensbecausereadingbooksandlongerarticlesisoneofthebest
waystolearncriticalthinking.Ithelpspeopletounderstandcomplexissuesandtoseparatefact
fromfiction.Thus,deepreadingiscrucialforbeingagoodcitizen,asuccessfulcollegestudent
andaproductiveemployee.Ifseriousreadingdies,alotwillgowithit
36.Manyyears'surveysrevealthatyoungpeopleinAmericaaregoingtothecinemamuchless
oftenthantheyusedto.
37.SurveyanalysisshowsAmericanteensnowspendtheirleisuretimeondigitaldevicesrather
thanreadingprintedbooks.
38.Thenumberofseniorhighschoolersnotreadingbooksforpleasureinayearincreasedthree
timesover20years.
39.Manyscholarsclaimthatspendingtimeonelectronicdevicesdoesn'tnecessarilymeana
decreaseoftimeforotheractivities.
40.Mostpeoplespendmuchmoretimeinteractingwithdigitalmediathantheydidtenyearsago.
41.Theauthorclaimsthatitwillbeagreatlossifwenolongerreadbooksandlongerarticles
42.Overadecadeorso,Americanteens1socialmediauseshiftedfromanoccasionalactivityto
aroutineone.
43.AmoredisturbingtrendinAmericatodayisthatteensarespendingfarlesstimereadingthan
aroundfourdecadesago
44.Somefiveyearsago,highschoolseniorsinAmericagenerallyspentmorethansixhoursa
dayonelectronicdevices.
45.ItwasfoundthatAmericanyoungsterstodaydon'tsocializenearlyasmuchastheearlier
generations.
SectionC
Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor
unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).You
shoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingle
linethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Haveyoueverwonderedhowacceptableitistohugortouchsomeone?Whileitmaysound
safetoavoidallphysicalcontactsoasnottooffendanyone,thelackoftouchingmightimplycold
attitudesorindifferenceininterpersonalrelationships.
So,whatshouldwedo?Thesimpleansweristothoroughlylearnuniqueculturalnormsfor
physicalcontact.Innonverbalcommunicationterminology(术语),physicalcontactandthestudy
oftouchingaregenerallyreferredtoashaptics.
Hapticsincommunicationoftensuggestthelevelofintimacy.Theyareusuallyclassifiedinto
twogroups:high-contactandlow-contact.
AsiaandquitesurprisinglytheUnitedStates,CanadaandBritainbelongtolow-contact
cultures.Peoplefromtherestoftheworld,suchasLatinAmerica,areconsideredtobeinhigh-
contactcultureswheretheytendtoexpecttouchinginsocialinteractionsandfeelmorecomfortable
withphysicalcloseness.Despitetheclassification,therearemorecomplexfactorssuchasrelational
closeness,gender,age,andcontextthatcanaffecthowsomeoneviewsphysicalcontact.
OnecommonFrenchcustomofgreetingsischeek-kissing,butitismostlyrestrictedtofriends,
closeacquaintancesandfamilymembers.Whilecheek-kissingforLatinAmericansisalsoa
universalgreetingform,itdoesnotrequiresuchahighdegreeofrelationalcloseness.However,
gendermattersmoreforthembecausecheck-kissingoftenonlyhappensbetweenwomenoraman
andawomanbutnottwomen.
Incontrast,incertainArabian,African,andAsiancountries,mencanpubliclyholdhands
orshowphysicalaffectionassignsofbrotherhoodorfriendshipwhilethesebehaviorsmaysuggest
aromanticrelationshipinotherpartsoftheworld.Althoughmen'stouchingismorenormalinthese
cultures,physicalcontactbetweenpersonsofoppositesexeswhoarenotfamilymembersis
negativelyperceivedinArabiancountries.
Thesefactorscoulddefinitelyaffectthedegreetowhichsomeoneiscomfortablewithtactile
(触觉的)communicationandphysicalintimacy.Therefore,ifyouaresomeonewholovestoshow
physicalaffection,youshouldnotbeafraidtoshowitordrasticallychangeyourbehaviors-justask
forconsentbeforehand!
46.Whatdoestheauthorsayinthefirstparagraphaboutphysicalcontact?
A)Itsroleininterpersonalrelationshipsisgettingincreasinglyimportant.
B)Itisbecomingmoreacceptabletomanywhousedtothinkitoffensive.
C)Itsabsencemightsuggestalackofwarmthininterpersonalrelationships.
D)Itmightpromptdifferentresponsesfrompeopleofdifferentsocialbackgrounds.
47.Whatdoesphysicalcontactincommunicationsuggest?
A)Whatsocialclasspeoplebelongto.
B)Howcivilizedthecommunicatorsare.
C)Whatfamilybackgroundpeoplecomefrom.
D)Howclosethecommunicators'relationshipsare.
48.Whatdowelearnaboutpeopleinhigh-contactcultures?
A)Theyaresensitivetothewaypeopleexpresstheiremotions.
B)Theytaketouchingasaculturalnorminsocialinteractions.
C)Theyattachgreatimportancetoclosetiesamongpeople.
D)Theytendtobemoreopenininterpersonalrelationships.
49.WhatdowelearnaboutsocialcustomsinArabiancountries?
A)Mencanshowfriendshipinpublicthroughphysicalaffection.
B)Non-traditionalromanticrelationshipsaresimplyunacceptable.
C)Physicalcontactbetweenunfamiliarpeopleisnegativelyperceived.
D)Peopleofdifferentagesandgendersshowaffectionindifferentways.
50.Whatdoestheauthortellustodoconcerningtactilecommunication?
A)Layemphasisonnonverbalcommunication.
B)Learntouseappropriatebodylanguagefirst.
C)Payattentiontothedifferencesbetweengenders.
D)Takeotherpeople'spreferenceintoconsideration.
PassageTwo
Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Fromclimatechangetotheongoingpandemic(大流行病)andbeyond,theissuesfacing
today'sworldareincreasinglycomplexanddynamic.Yetsolvingproblemsliketheserequiresnew
approachesthatextendbeyondtraditionalwaysofthinking.AstudyledbyYaleProfessorof
Psychology,PaulO'Keefe,foundthathavingagrowthmindset(思维倾向)ofinterestmayspark
thistypeofinnovation.
ProfessorO'Keefeestablishedinearlierstudiesthatpeopleholddifferentbeliefsaboutthe
natureofinterest.Thosewithagrowthmindsetofinteresttendtobelievethatinterestscanbe
developedandcultivated,whilethosewithafixedmindsetofinteresttendtobelievethatinterests
areinherent(与生俱有的)andsimplyneedtobefound.'Buildingonthesefindings,thelatest
researchexaminedhowagrowthmindsetofinterestcanboostintegrativethinkingacrossthe
traditionaldisciplinaryboundariesofartsandsciences.
Forexample,inonetask,researchparticipantswereinstructedtocreatenewcollegemajors
bycombiningtwoormoreexistingacademicArtsorScienceprogramsattheiruniversity.After
codingandanalyzingtheideastheygenerated,theteamfoundthatpeoplewithagrowthmindset
ofinterestweremorelikelytobridgeprogramsacrosstheartsandsciencestocreatenewmajors
likecomputationaleconomicsratherthancreatingmajorsthatdrewfromonlyoneofthoseareas,
likecomputationalchemistry.
AsProfessorO'Keefepointedout,"Thisresearchprovidesausefuldirectionfororganizations
whoseproductsandservicescallforintegratedandcreativesolutions.Takesmartphonesfor
example.Youneednotonlycomputerscienceandengineeringknowledge,butalsoan
understandingofpsychologyandvisualdesigntocreateabetterproduct.Employeeswithagrowth
mindsetmaybemorelikelytodeviseinnovativeideasthatbridgemultipleareasofknowledgeto
achievebettersolutions."
Thebenefitsofagrowthmindsetofinterestmayalsoextendtothoseseekingemployment.
ThisisapressingissuebecausemanypeoplearebecomingunemployedduetotheCOVID-19
pandemic.Havingagrowthmindsetofinterestcanhelpjobseekersexpandtheirinterestsand
becomemoreadaptabletodifferentfields,andtaketheinitiativetolearnnewskills.
51.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheworldtoday?
A)Itfacesproblemsthataregettingmorevariedandcomplicated.
B)Ithasdoneawaywithmanyofthetraditionalwaysofthinking.
C)Itisundergoingradicalandprofoundchanges.
D)Itiswitnessingvarioustypesofinnovations
52.WhatdidProfessorO'Keefefindinhisearlierstudies?
A)People'sintereststendtochangewithage.
B)People'sinterestsdeterminetheirmindsets.
C)Peoplearedividedaboutthenatureofinterest.
D)Peopleofdifferentageshavedifferentmindsets.
53.WhatisthefocusofProfessorO'Keefe'srecentresearch?
A)Howboundariescanberemovedbetweenartsandsciencedisciplines.
B)Howfeasibleitistocreatenewdisciplineslikecomputationaleconomics.
C)Howstudentsinartsandsciencesviewthetwotypesofmindsetofinterest.
D)Howagrowthmindsetofinterestcancontributetocross-disciplinarythinking.
54.Whatdocstheauthorwanttoillustratewiththeexampleofsmartphones?
A)Hi-techproductsareneededininterdisciplinaryresearch.
B)Improvedtechnologygivesbirthtohighlypopularproducts.
C)Makinginnovativeproductsneedsmultidisciplinaryknowledge.
D)Hi-techproductscanboostpeople'sintegrativethinking.
55.Whatistheauthor'ssuggestiontothosewhoareseekingemployment?
A)Learningpracticalskills.
B)Broadeningtheirinterests.
C)Stayingsafeinthepandemic.
D)Knowingtheirpressingissues.
PartIVTranslation(30minutes)
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseinto
English.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.
都江堰(Dujiangyan)坐落在成都平原西部的岷江上,距成都市约50公里,始建于公元
前三世纪。它的独特之处在于无需用堤坝调控水流。两千多年来,都江堰一直有效地发挥着
防洪与灌溉作用,使成都平原成为旱涝保收的沃土和中国最重要的粮食产地之一,都江堰工
程体现了我国人民与自然和谐共存的智慧,是全世界年代最久、仍在使用、无坝控水的水利
工程。
2021年12月大学英语四级考试真题试卷(第3套)答案与解析
PartIWriting
结构框图:
,、
rO第1段引出话题:介绍旧书回收项目的举办者、举办时间和参与者。
'、....................................................
I
AReportonthe5:.......................................:
ProjectofUsed-r第2段具体介绍话题的细节:介绍活动目的,说明活动的具体情况。j
:_____..............---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BooksCollectingI
1/-----------------------------------------------------------------------
IO:第3段结尾:补充说明其他情况,提出建议。
、______________________-----------__________
范文点评:
参考范文
AReportontheProjectofUsedBooksCollecting
ToWhomItMayConcern,
[1]Aschoolprojectofcollectingusedbookswasheldlastweekend.Theproject,[2]
organizedbyStudentUnion,targetedmainlyjuniorandseniorstudentsandattractedmany
sophomores,too.13]Thefollowingaresomeofthedetails.
【4】Aimedatraisingstudents1awarenessofrecyclingandhelpingthemdevelopahabit
ofthrifty,[5]theprojectconsistsofthreeactivities.[6]Thefirstoneisbarterinwhichstudents
bringtheirusedbooksinexchangeforbookstheyneed.[7]Thesecondisdonation,inwhich
books,mainlycartoonsandmagazines,aredonatedtoaremoteruralschoollibrary.18]Inthe
thirdactivity,books,mainlyreferenceonesandmaterialsforCET-4,CET-6andgraduateentrance
exam,aregivenawaytostudentsinneedforfree.
[9)Iamveryhappytoreportthatabout500usedbookshavefoundnewreaders,that800
havebeencollectedfortheruralschoollibrary,andthatthenumberofthelatterisstillgrowing.On
thisaccount,[10]Isuggestthatactivitiesofthiskindbeheldonceasemester.
Yourssincerely,
LiMing
精彩点评
【1】点出话题:开篇介绍了项目主题以及活动举行的时间。
[2]介绍活动的组织者及参加者。
[3]引领下段,描述细节。
【4】点明活动目的:提高学生的循环利用意识,帮助他们培养节俭的习惯。
[5]交代活动的数量。
[6]使用Thefirstone引出第一项活动:以物易物。
【7】使用Thesecond引出第二项活动:向一所偏远的农村学校图书馆捐赠图书。
【8】使用Inthethirdactivity引出第三项活动:无偿转让一些参考书和考试资料。
[9]结尾:对活动情况进行总结。
[10]表达自己对这项活动的建议。
话题词汇:
second-handbooks二手书dog-eared翻旧了的
best-sellingbooks畅销书encouragethrift鼓励节俭
textbookrecycling教科书循环利用
theconceptofenergyconservation节约能源的概念
environment-friendlysociety建设环境友好型社会
schoolsinbackwardandimpoverishedareas贫困落后地区的学校
greatsocialbenefits良好的社会效益
recycle回收再利用
PartDIReadingComprehension
SectionA
【文章来源】本文选自2020年2月16日刊登在wmv.Ovesc丽ce.co加(生活科学网站)上的一
篇标题为"Canyou'turnoff'anightmare?%《你能"关掉"噩梦吗?》)的文章。
【结构框图】
..._r-O:第1、2段引入话题:人们可以关掉噩梦吗?[
本文主要讨论了噩梦是]」'
I,1.掌]JL金;第3—6段从研究角度讨论此话题,包括清醒地做梦可以控制噩梦,噩梦可能;
八”:是睡眠障碍的症状以及如何治疗等。:
、____________________________________________________./
【词性分析】
名词:A)amount金额;数量;B)answer答案;回答;G)fear害怕,恐惧;
J)result后果;结果;K)review评论;报告;N)timidity胆怯
动词:A)amount总计;等于;B)answer答复;回答;C)avoid避免;回避;
E)depart离开;离职;G)fear害怕;担心;H)limited限制;限定;
J)result(因......)发生;K)review复查;回顾;M)tend往往会;倾向
形容词:D)aware意识到的;察觉到的;H)limited有限的;
I)mechanical机械的;L)rigorous谨慎的;严格的
副词:F)drastically急剧地;O)typically通常;典型地
答案解析
26.【考点】名词辨析题。
G)【语法判断】空格前的结构是befilledwith,因此空格处应填入名词。
【语义判断】本句意为:但你仍然充满--由前一句可知,你知道只是一场噩梦,没
什么可怕的。本句与前一句构成转折,因此空格处应填入含有“害怕”意义的名词,由此
确定答案为G)fear。N)timidity表示“胆怯",指缺乏勇气,与句意不符,因此排除。
27.【考点】动词辨析题。
C)【语法判断】空格前的结构是awayto...,结合下文与空格处构成选择关系的turnoff,空
格处应填入动词原形。
【语义判断】本句意为:考虑到噩梦是多么令人不安和挥之不去,做梦的人有没有办
法—,甚至在这些糟糕的梦发生时关掉它们?空格后的or表示选择关系,even表示
程度加深,因此空格处应填入与turnoff意义相近的动词原形,由此确定答案为Qavoido
备选的其他动词原形的词义与turnoff无关,因此排除。
28.【考点】形容词辨析题。
H)【语法判断】空格前有s,因此空格处应填入形容词或动词的-ed形式或-ing形式。
【语义判断】本句意为:研究是—O本句信息较少,无法直接推断出答案。根据后一
分句“但有一些研究表明……”可知,空格处所表达的意思应与后一分句成转折关系,可
以推出目前的研究还有限,结合备选形容词词义,可确定答案为H)limited。另外几个
备选词中,D)aware的主语是人,I)mechanical不能修饰research,rigorous与后面的分
句不能构成转折关系,故排除。
29.【考点】形容词辨析题。
D)【语法判断】空格前有be,因此空格处应填入形容词或动词的-ed形式或-ing形式。
【语义判断】本句意为:那些能够掌握清醒梦的人一一也就是能够—噩梦正在发生,
甚至可能在不醒来的情况下控制噩梦。破折号之间的部分是插入语,对前面lucid
dreaming“清醒梦”进行解释。由此可知,所谓“清醒梦”就是知道噩梦在发生,因此空格
处应填入含有“知道,意识到“意义的形容词,由此确定答案为D)aware。
30.【考点】名词辨析题。
B)【语法判断】空格前有定冠词the,因此空格处应填入名词。
【语义判断】本句意为:那些能够掌握清醒梦的人一一也就是能够意识到噩梦正在发
生,甚至可能在不醒来的情况下控制噩梦一一可能就有—了。本段是对第二段提出
的问题“有没有方法避免甚至关掉噩梦?”所做的回答。很明显,会清醒地做梦的人就可
以关掉噩梦,因此空格处应填入含有“答案,办法”意义的名词,由此确定答案为
B)answer。
31.【考点】副词辨析题。
O)【语法判断】空格后面是谓语动词don'tconsider,因此空格处应填入副词。
【语义判断】本句意为:医生—不认为偶尔做噩梦是个问题。前一句提到,噩梦是人
类经历的一部分,后一句提到,它们可能只是睡眠障碍的症状。由此可知,在医生看
来,噩梦是比较正常的,通常不会是大问题。因此空格处应填入含有“通常”意义的副词,
由此确定答案为O)typicallyo另外一个备选副词F)drastically”急剧地”不符合句意,因
此排除。
32.【考点】动词辨析题。
J)【语法判断】空格前有情态动词can,因此空格处应填入动词原形。
【语义判断】本句意为:它们可能只是睡眠障碍的症状,可能是由不愉快的经历、压力
或某些药物o空格所在的that从句是定语从句,修饰sleepdisorder0由句意可知,
that从句里提到的因素可以导致sleepdisorder,因此空格处应填入含有“由...引起"意
义的动词原形,由此确定答案为J)result。备选的其他动词原形中,除E)depart之外,
其他均不能与介词fhnn连用,但是departfh)m表示“出发;违反(常规)”的意思,不
符合句意,因此排除。
33.【考点】形容词辨析题。
L)【语法判断】空格后有名词research,因此空格处应填入形容词。
【语义判断】本句意为:为了治疗睡眠障碍,有很多得到了研究支撑的药物和疗
法。本题可以用排除法。在备选形容词中,D)aware不能作名词的定语,即不能位于名
词之前,I)mechanical不能修饰research,意义不通,因此排除这两项。H)limited意思是
“有限的”,与句中anumberof,大量的“相矛盾,因此排除。由此确定本题答案为
L)rigorous,rigorousresearch表示“严格的研究
34.【考点】名词辨析题。
K)【语法判断】空格前有形容词recent,因此空格处应填入名词。
【语义判断】本句意为:最近发表在《临床睡眠医学杂志》上的一篇—,分析了关于
治疗噩梦障碍的现有研究。由句意可知,发表在《临床睡眠医学杂志》上的这篇文章是
对现有研究的梳理,在学术写作中,这类文章属于综述性质,因此空格处应填入含有
“综述”意义的名词,由此确定答案为K)review。
35.【考点】动词辨析题。
M)【语法判断】分析空格所在句的句子成分可知,本句缺少谓语动词,因此空格处应填入
动词,且能与后面的tohave构成todo结构。
【语义判断】本句意为:我们所知道的就是,人们在睡眠周期的不同时间做不同类型的
噩梦。备选项中符合要求的只有M)tend“往往”使句意通顺,故答案为M)。备选的其
他动词均没有此含义,而且都不能与todo连用,因此排除。
参考译文
床单被汗水浸湿了
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