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2021年12月大学英语四级考试真题试卷(第3套)

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Supposeyouhavejustparticipatedinaschoolprojectofcollectingusedbookson

campus.Youarenowtowritea()reportabouttheproject,whichmayincludeitsaim,organizers,

participantsanaactivities.Youwillhave30minutestowritethereport.Youshouldwriteatleast

120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)

说明:由于2021年12月四级考试全国共考了两套听力,本套真题听力与前两套内容相同,

只是选项顺序不同,因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectoneword

foreachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassage

throughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Please

markthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthe

centre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Thesheetsaredampwithsweat.You*recold,butyourheartisracingasifakillerjustchased

youdownadarkstreet.Itwasjustanightmare,youtellyourself;there'snothingtobeafraidof.But

you*restillfilledwith26.

Givenhowunsettlingandhauntingnightmarescanbe,isthereawayfordreamersto27

oreventurno优thesebaddreamsastheyhappen?

Researchis28,butsomestudiessuggestthatpeoplewhocanmasterluciddreaming-that

is,theabilitytobe29thatanightmareishappeningandpossiblyevencontrolitwithoutwaking

up-mayholdthe30.

Nightmaresarepartofthehumanexperience,especiallyforkids.Doctors31don't

consideroccasionalnightmaresaproblem.Theycanjustbesymptomsofasleepdisorderthatcan

32fromanunpleasantexperience,stress,orcertaindrugs.

Totreatthedisorder,thereareanumberofmedicinesandtherapiesthatarebackedby33

research,accordingtotheAmericanAcademyofSleepMedicine,whichanalyzedtheavailable

researchonthetreatmentofnightmaredisorderinarecent34publishedintheJournalof

ClinicalSleepMedicine.

However,nightmaresarecomplicated,andresearchersarestillstrugglingtounderstandthem,

saidDr.RachelSalas,anexpertonsleepdisordersandanassociateprofessoratJohnsHopkins

MedicineinBaltimore.Whatwedoknowisthatpeople35tohavedifferentkindsof

nightmaresatdifferentpointsduringthesleepcycle.

A)amountI)mechanical

B)answerJ)result

C)avoidK)review

D)awareL)rigorous

E)departM)tend

F)drasticallyN)timidity

G)fearO)typically

H)limited

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Each

statementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhich

theinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce,Eachparagraphismarked

withaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

Whyitmattersthatteensarereadingless

A)Mostofusspendmuchmoretimewithdigitalmediathanwedidadecadeago.Buttoday's

teenshavegrownupwithsmartphones.Comparedwithteensacoupleofdecadesago,theway

theyinteractwithtaditionalmedialikebooksandmoviesisfundamentallydifferent.

B)AnalysisofsurveysofoveronemillionteensintheUnitedStatescollectedsince1976reveals

amajorshiftinhowteensarespendingtheirleisuretime.Paperbooksarebeingignored,in

favorofscreensDigitaldevicesarechangingotherbehaviors,too.Moreandmore,young

peoplechoosespendingtimeontheirelectronicdevicesoverengaginginotheractivities,

regardlessofthetype.Indeed,by2016,theaverageAmericanhighschoolseniorsaidtheyspent

sixhoursadaywritingtextmessages,onsocialmedia,andonlineduringtheirfreetime.And

thatcoversjustthreeactivities,andifotherdigitalmediaactivitieswereincluded,thatestimate

wouldnodoubtrise.

C)Teensdidnotalwaysspendthatmuchtimewithdigitalmedia.Onlinetimehasdoubledsince

2006,andsocialmediausehasmovedfromaperiodicactivitytoadailyoneinthesameperiod.

By2016,nearlynineoutoftenyoungwomeninthe12thgradesaidtheyvisitedsocialmedia

siteseveryday.Meanwhile,timespentplayingvideogamesrosefromunderanhouradayto

anhourandahalfonaverage.OneoutoftenAmerican8thgradestudentsin2016spent40

hoursaweekormoreplayingvideogames.Letmeemphasizethatthisisequaltothetimemost

adultsspendperweekatwork.

D)Ifteensarespendingsomuchtimeusingelectronicdevices,doesthatmeantheyhavetogive

upsometheyactivities?Maybenot.Overtheyears,manyscholarshaveinsistedthattime

onlinedoesnotnecessarilytakeawaytimespentengagingwithtraditionalmediaoronother

activities.Somepeople,theyargue,arejustmoreinterestedincertainkindsofmediaand

entertainment.Thus,usingmoreofonetypeofmediadoesnotnecessarilymeanlessofthe

other.

E)Thatmaybetrue,butthatstilldoesnottellusmuchaboutwhathappensacrossawhole

generationofpeoplewhentimespentondigitalmediagrows.Largesurveysconductedoverthe

courseofmanyyearstellusthatAmericanyoutharenotgoingtothecinemanearlyasoftenas

theydidinthepast.While70percentof8thand10thgradestudentsusedtogotothemovies

onceamonthormore,nowonlyabouthalfdothis.Moreandmore,watchingamovieis

somethingteenschoosetodoontheirelectronicdevices.Whyisthisaproblem?Onereasonis

thatgoingtothecinemaisgenerallyasocialactivity.Now,watchingmoviesissomethingthat

mostteensdoalone.Thisfitsalargerpattern.Inanotheranalysis,researchersfoundthattoday*s

teensgooutwiththeirfriendsmuchlessoftenthanpreviousgenerationsdid.

F)Butthetrendsrelatedtomoviesarelessdisturbingcomparedwiththechangeinhowteensspend

theirtime.Researchhasrevealedanenormousdeclineinreading.In1980,about60percentof

seniorhighschoolstudentssaidtheyreadabook,newspaperormagazineeverydaythatwasnot

assignedforschool.By2016,only16percentdid.Thisisahugedropanditisimportanttonote

thatthiswasnotmerelyadeclineinreadingpaperbooks,newspapersormagazines.Thesurvey

allowedforreadingmaterialsonadigitaldevice.

G)Indeed,thenumberofseniorhighschoolstudentswhosaidtheyhadnotreadanybooksfor

pleasureinthelastyearwasoneoutofthreeby2016.Thatistriplethenumberfromtwodecades

ago.Fortoday'syouth,books,newspapersandmagazineshavelessandlessofapresenceintheir

dailylives.Ofcourse,teensarestillreading.Buttheyaregenerallyreadingshorttexts.Mostof

themarenotreadinglongarticlesorbooksthatexploredeepthemesandrequirecriticalthinking

andreflection.Perhapsnotaccidentally,in2016readingscoreswerethelowesttheyhaveever

beensince1972.

H)Thismightpresentproblemsforyoungpeoplelateron.Whenhighschoolstudentsgoonto

college,theirpastandcurrentreadinghabitswillinfluencetheiracademicperformance.

Imaginegoingfromreadingtextsasshortasoneortwosentencestotryingtoreadentirebooks

writtenincomplexlanguageandcontainingsophisticatedideas.Readingandcomprehending

longerbooksandchapterstakespractice,andAmericanteensarenolongergettingthatpractice.

I)Sohowcanthisproblembesolved?Shouldparentsandteacherstakeawayteens*smartphones

andreplacethemwithpaperbooks?Probablynot.Researchhasshownthatsmartphonesare

currentlyAmericanteens1mainformofsocialcommunication.Thismeansthat,withouta

smartphone,teensarelikelytofeelisolatedfromtheirpeers.However,thatdoesnotmeanteens

needtouseelectronicdevicesasoftenastheydonow.Dataconnectingexcessivedigitalmedia

timetomentalhealthissuessuggestsalimitoftwohoursadayoffreetimespentwithscreens,

arestrictionthatwillalsoallowtimeforotheractivities一likegoingtothemovieswithfriends

orreadinglonger,morecomplicatedtexts.

J)Thelatterisespeciallyimportant.Iwouldarguethatofallthechangesbroughtaboutbythe

widespreaduseofdigitaldevices,thehugedeclineinreadingislikelytohavethebiggest

negativeimpactontoday'steensbecausereadingbooksandlongerarticlesisoneofthebest

waystolearncriticalthinking.Ithelpspeopletounderstandcomplexissuesandtoseparatefact

fromfiction.Thus,deepreadingiscrucialforbeingagoodcitizen,asuccessfulcollegestudent

andaproductiveemployee.Ifseriousreadingdies,alotwillgowithit

36.Manyyears'surveysrevealthatyoungpeopleinAmericaaregoingtothecinemamuchless

oftenthantheyusedto.

37.SurveyanalysisshowsAmericanteensnowspendtheirleisuretimeondigitaldevicesrather

thanreadingprintedbooks.

38.Thenumberofseniorhighschoolersnotreadingbooksforpleasureinayearincreasedthree

timesover20years.

39.Manyscholarsclaimthatspendingtimeonelectronicdevicesdoesn'tnecessarilymeana

decreaseoftimeforotheractivities.

40.Mostpeoplespendmuchmoretimeinteractingwithdigitalmediathantheydidtenyearsago.

41.Theauthorclaimsthatitwillbeagreatlossifwenolongerreadbooksandlongerarticles

42.Overadecadeorso,Americanteens1socialmediauseshiftedfromanoccasionalactivityto

aroutineone.

43.AmoredisturbingtrendinAmericatodayisthatteensarespendingfarlesstimereadingthan

aroundfourdecadesago

44.Somefiveyearsago,highschoolseniorsinAmericagenerallyspentmorethansixhoursa

dayonelectronicdevices.

45.ItwasfoundthatAmericanyoungsterstodaydon'tsocializenearlyasmuchastheearlier

generations.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).You

shoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingle

linethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Haveyoueverwonderedhowacceptableitistohugortouchsomeone?Whileitmaysound

safetoavoidallphysicalcontactsoasnottooffendanyone,thelackoftouchingmightimplycold

attitudesorindifferenceininterpersonalrelationships.

So,whatshouldwedo?Thesimpleansweristothoroughlylearnuniqueculturalnormsfor

physicalcontact.Innonverbalcommunicationterminology(术语),physicalcontactandthestudy

oftouchingaregenerallyreferredtoashaptics.

Hapticsincommunicationoftensuggestthelevelofintimacy.Theyareusuallyclassifiedinto

twogroups:high-contactandlow-contact.

AsiaandquitesurprisinglytheUnitedStates,CanadaandBritainbelongtolow-contact

cultures.Peoplefromtherestoftheworld,suchasLatinAmerica,areconsideredtobeinhigh-

contactcultureswheretheytendtoexpecttouchinginsocialinteractionsandfeelmorecomfortable

withphysicalcloseness.Despitetheclassification,therearemorecomplexfactorssuchasrelational

closeness,gender,age,andcontextthatcanaffecthowsomeoneviewsphysicalcontact.

OnecommonFrenchcustomofgreetingsischeek-kissing,butitismostlyrestrictedtofriends,

closeacquaintancesandfamilymembers.Whilecheek-kissingforLatinAmericansisalsoa

universalgreetingform,itdoesnotrequiresuchahighdegreeofrelationalcloseness.However,

gendermattersmoreforthembecausecheck-kissingoftenonlyhappensbetweenwomenoraman

andawomanbutnottwomen.

Incontrast,incertainArabian,African,andAsiancountries,mencanpubliclyholdhands

orshowphysicalaffectionassignsofbrotherhoodorfriendshipwhilethesebehaviorsmaysuggest

aromanticrelationshipinotherpartsoftheworld.Althoughmen'stouchingismorenormalinthese

cultures,physicalcontactbetweenpersonsofoppositesexeswhoarenotfamilymembersis

negativelyperceivedinArabiancountries.

Thesefactorscoulddefinitelyaffectthedegreetowhichsomeoneiscomfortablewithtactile

(触觉的)communicationandphysicalintimacy.Therefore,ifyouaresomeonewholovestoshow

physicalaffection,youshouldnotbeafraidtoshowitordrasticallychangeyourbehaviors-justask

forconsentbeforehand!

46.Whatdoestheauthorsayinthefirstparagraphaboutphysicalcontact?

A)Itsroleininterpersonalrelationshipsisgettingincreasinglyimportant.

B)Itisbecomingmoreacceptabletomanywhousedtothinkitoffensive.

C)Itsabsencemightsuggestalackofwarmthininterpersonalrelationships.

D)Itmightpromptdifferentresponsesfrompeopleofdifferentsocialbackgrounds.

47.Whatdoesphysicalcontactincommunicationsuggest?

A)Whatsocialclasspeoplebelongto.

B)Howcivilizedthecommunicatorsare.

C)Whatfamilybackgroundpeoplecomefrom.

D)Howclosethecommunicators'relationshipsare.

48.Whatdowelearnaboutpeopleinhigh-contactcultures?

A)Theyaresensitivetothewaypeopleexpresstheiremotions.

B)Theytaketouchingasaculturalnorminsocialinteractions.

C)Theyattachgreatimportancetoclosetiesamongpeople.

D)Theytendtobemoreopenininterpersonalrelationships.

49.WhatdowelearnaboutsocialcustomsinArabiancountries?

A)Mencanshowfriendshipinpublicthroughphysicalaffection.

B)Non-traditionalromanticrelationshipsaresimplyunacceptable.

C)Physicalcontactbetweenunfamiliarpeopleisnegativelyperceived.

D)Peopleofdifferentagesandgendersshowaffectionindifferentways.

50.Whatdoestheauthortellustodoconcerningtactilecommunication?

A)Layemphasisonnonverbalcommunication.

B)Learntouseappropriatebodylanguagefirst.

C)Payattentiontothedifferencesbetweengenders.

D)Takeotherpeople'spreferenceintoconsideration.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Fromclimatechangetotheongoingpandemic(大流行病)andbeyond,theissuesfacing

today'sworldareincreasinglycomplexanddynamic.Yetsolvingproblemsliketheserequiresnew

approachesthatextendbeyondtraditionalwaysofthinking.AstudyledbyYaleProfessorof

Psychology,PaulO'Keefe,foundthathavingagrowthmindset(思维倾向)ofinterestmayspark

thistypeofinnovation.

ProfessorO'Keefeestablishedinearlierstudiesthatpeopleholddifferentbeliefsaboutthe

natureofinterest.Thosewithagrowthmindsetofinteresttendtobelievethatinterestscanbe

developedandcultivated,whilethosewithafixedmindsetofinteresttendtobelievethatinterests

areinherent(与生俱有的)andsimplyneedtobefound.'Buildingonthesefindings,thelatest

researchexaminedhowagrowthmindsetofinterestcanboostintegrativethinkingacrossthe

traditionaldisciplinaryboundariesofartsandsciences.

Forexample,inonetask,researchparticipantswereinstructedtocreatenewcollegemajors

bycombiningtwoormoreexistingacademicArtsorScienceprogramsattheiruniversity.After

codingandanalyzingtheideastheygenerated,theteamfoundthatpeoplewithagrowthmindset

ofinterestweremorelikelytobridgeprogramsacrosstheartsandsciencestocreatenewmajors

likecomputationaleconomicsratherthancreatingmajorsthatdrewfromonlyoneofthoseareas,

likecomputationalchemistry.

AsProfessorO'Keefepointedout,"Thisresearchprovidesausefuldirectionfororganizations

whoseproductsandservicescallforintegratedandcreativesolutions.Takesmartphonesfor

example.Youneednotonlycomputerscienceandengineeringknowledge,butalsoan

understandingofpsychologyandvisualdesigntocreateabetterproduct.Employeeswithagrowth

mindsetmaybemorelikelytodeviseinnovativeideasthatbridgemultipleareasofknowledgeto

achievebettersolutions."

Thebenefitsofagrowthmindsetofinterestmayalsoextendtothoseseekingemployment.

ThisisapressingissuebecausemanypeoplearebecomingunemployedduetotheCOVID-19

pandemic.Havingagrowthmindsetofinterestcanhelpjobseekersexpandtheirinterestsand

becomemoreadaptabletodifferentfields,andtaketheinitiativetolearnnewskills.

51.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheworldtoday?

A)Itfacesproblemsthataregettingmorevariedandcomplicated.

B)Ithasdoneawaywithmanyofthetraditionalwaysofthinking.

C)Itisundergoingradicalandprofoundchanges.

D)Itiswitnessingvarioustypesofinnovations

52.WhatdidProfessorO'Keefefindinhisearlierstudies?

A)People'sintereststendtochangewithage.

B)People'sinterestsdeterminetheirmindsets.

C)Peoplearedividedaboutthenatureofinterest.

D)Peopleofdifferentageshavedifferentmindsets.

53.WhatisthefocusofProfessorO'Keefe'srecentresearch?

A)Howboundariescanberemovedbetweenartsandsciencedisciplines.

B)Howfeasibleitistocreatenewdisciplineslikecomputationaleconomics.

C)Howstudentsinartsandsciencesviewthetwotypesofmindsetofinterest.

D)Howagrowthmindsetofinterestcancontributetocross-disciplinarythinking.

54.Whatdocstheauthorwanttoillustratewiththeexampleofsmartphones?

A)Hi-techproductsareneededininterdisciplinaryresearch.

B)Improvedtechnologygivesbirthtohighlypopularproducts.

C)Makinginnovativeproductsneedsmultidisciplinaryknowledge.

D)Hi-techproductscanboostpeople'sintegrativethinking.

55.Whatistheauthor'ssuggestiontothosewhoareseekingemployment?

A)Learningpracticalskills.

B)Broadeningtheirinterests.

C)Stayingsafeinthepandemic.

D)Knowingtheirpressingissues.

PartIVTranslation(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseinto

English.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.

都江堰(Dujiangyan)坐落在成都平原西部的岷江上,距成都市约50公里,始建于公元

前三世纪。它的独特之处在于无需用堤坝调控水流。两千多年来,都江堰一直有效地发挥着

防洪与灌溉作用,使成都平原成为旱涝保收的沃土和中国最重要的粮食产地之一,都江堰工

程体现了我国人民与自然和谐共存的智慧,是全世界年代最久、仍在使用、无坝控水的水利

工程。

2021年12月大学英语四级考试真题试卷(第3套)答案与解析

PartIWriting

结构框图:

,、

rO第1段引出话题:介绍旧书回收项目的举办者、举办时间和参与者。

'、....................................................

I

AReportonthe5:.......................................:

ProjectofUsed-r第2段具体介绍话题的细节:介绍活动目的,说明活动的具体情况。j

:_____..............---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

BooksCollectingI

1/-----------------------------------------------------------------------

IO:第3段结尾:补充说明其他情况,提出建议。

、______________________-----------__________

范文点评:

参考范文

AReportontheProjectofUsedBooksCollecting

ToWhomItMayConcern,

[1]Aschoolprojectofcollectingusedbookswasheldlastweekend.Theproject,[2]

organizedbyStudentUnion,targetedmainlyjuniorandseniorstudentsandattractedmany

sophomores,too.13]Thefollowingaresomeofthedetails.

【4】Aimedatraisingstudents1awarenessofrecyclingandhelpingthemdevelopahabit

ofthrifty,[5]theprojectconsistsofthreeactivities.[6]Thefirstoneisbarterinwhichstudents

bringtheirusedbooksinexchangeforbookstheyneed.[7]Thesecondisdonation,inwhich

books,mainlycartoonsandmagazines,aredonatedtoaremoteruralschoollibrary.18]Inthe

thirdactivity,books,mainlyreferenceonesandmaterialsforCET-4,CET-6andgraduateentrance

exam,aregivenawaytostudentsinneedforfree.

[9)Iamveryhappytoreportthatabout500usedbookshavefoundnewreaders,that800

havebeencollectedfortheruralschoollibrary,andthatthenumberofthelatterisstillgrowing.On

thisaccount,[10]Isuggestthatactivitiesofthiskindbeheldonceasemester.

Yourssincerely,

LiMing

精彩点评

【1】点出话题:开篇介绍了项目主题以及活动举行的时间。

[2]介绍活动的组织者及参加者。

[3]引领下段,描述细节。

【4】点明活动目的:提高学生的循环利用意识,帮助他们培养节俭的习惯。

[5]交代活动的数量。

[6]使用Thefirstone引出第一项活动:以物易物。

【7】使用Thesecond引出第二项活动:向一所偏远的农村学校图书馆捐赠图书。

【8】使用Inthethirdactivity引出第三项活动:无偿转让一些参考书和考试资料。

[9]结尾:对活动情况进行总结。

[10]表达自己对这项活动的建议。

话题词汇:

second-handbooks二手书dog-eared翻旧了的

best-sellingbooks畅销书encouragethrift鼓励节俭

textbookrecycling教科书循环利用

theconceptofenergyconservation节约能源的概念

environment-friendlysociety建设环境友好型社会

schoolsinbackwardandimpoverishedareas贫困落后地区的学校

greatsocialbenefits良好的社会效益

recycle回收再利用

PartDIReadingComprehension

SectionA

【文章来源】本文选自2020年2月16日刊登在wmv.Ovesc丽ce.co加(生活科学网站)上的一

篇标题为"Canyou'turnoff'anightmare?%《你能"关掉"噩梦吗?》)的文章。

【结构框图】

..._r-O:第1、2段引入话题:人们可以关掉噩梦吗?[

本文主要讨论了噩梦是]」'

I,1.掌]JL金;第3—6段从研究角度讨论此话题,包括清醒地做梦可以控制噩梦,噩梦可能;

八”:是睡眠障碍的症状以及如何治疗等。:

、____________________________________________________./

【词性分析】

名词:A)amount金额;数量;B)answer答案;回答;G)fear害怕,恐惧;

J)result后果;结果;K)review评论;报告;N)timidity胆怯

动词:A)amount总计;等于;B)answer答复;回答;C)avoid避免;回避;

E)depart离开;离职;G)fear害怕;担心;H)limited限制;限定;

J)result(因......)发生;K)review复查;回顾;M)tend往往会;倾向

形容词:D)aware意识到的;察觉到的;H)limited有限的;

I)mechanical机械的;L)rigorous谨慎的;严格的

副词:F)drastically急剧地;O)typically通常;典型地

答案解析

26.【考点】名词辨析题。

G)【语法判断】空格前的结构是befilledwith,因此空格处应填入名词。

【语义判断】本句意为:但你仍然充满--由前一句可知,你知道只是一场噩梦,没

什么可怕的。本句与前一句构成转折,因此空格处应填入含有“害怕”意义的名词,由此

确定答案为G)fear。N)timidity表示“胆怯",指缺乏勇气,与句意不符,因此排除。

27.【考点】动词辨析题。

C)【语法判断】空格前的结构是awayto...,结合下文与空格处构成选择关系的turnoff,空

格处应填入动词原形。

【语义判断】本句意为:考虑到噩梦是多么令人不安和挥之不去,做梦的人有没有办

法—,甚至在这些糟糕的梦发生时关掉它们?空格后的or表示选择关系,even表示

程度加深,因此空格处应填入与turnoff意义相近的动词原形,由此确定答案为Qavoido

备选的其他动词原形的词义与turnoff无关,因此排除。

28.【考点】形容词辨析题。

H)【语法判断】空格前有s,因此空格处应填入形容词或动词的-ed形式或-ing形式。

【语义判断】本句意为:研究是—O本句信息较少,无法直接推断出答案。根据后一

分句“但有一些研究表明……”可知,空格处所表达的意思应与后一分句成转折关系,可

以推出目前的研究还有限,结合备选形容词词义,可确定答案为H)limited。另外几个

备选词中,D)aware的主语是人,I)mechanical不能修饰research,rigorous与后面的分

句不能构成转折关系,故排除。

29.【考点】形容词辨析题。

D)【语法判断】空格前有be,因此空格处应填入形容词或动词的-ed形式或-ing形式。

【语义判断】本句意为:那些能够掌握清醒梦的人一一也就是能够—噩梦正在发生,

甚至可能在不醒来的情况下控制噩梦。破折号之间的部分是插入语,对前面lucid

dreaming“清醒梦”进行解释。由此可知,所谓“清醒梦”就是知道噩梦在发生,因此空格

处应填入含有“知道,意识到“意义的形容词,由此确定答案为D)aware。

30.【考点】名词辨析题。

B)【语法判断】空格前有定冠词the,因此空格处应填入名词。

【语义判断】本句意为:那些能够掌握清醒梦的人一一也就是能够意识到噩梦正在发

生,甚至可能在不醒来的情况下控制噩梦一一可能就有—了。本段是对第二段提出

的问题“有没有方法避免甚至关掉噩梦?”所做的回答。很明显,会清醒地做梦的人就可

以关掉噩梦,因此空格处应填入含有“答案,办法”意义的名词,由此确定答案为

B)answer。

31.【考点】副词辨析题。

O)【语法判断】空格后面是谓语动词don'tconsider,因此空格处应填入副词。

【语义判断】本句意为:医生—不认为偶尔做噩梦是个问题。前一句提到,噩梦是人

类经历的一部分,后一句提到,它们可能只是睡眠障碍的症状。由此可知,在医生看

来,噩梦是比较正常的,通常不会是大问题。因此空格处应填入含有“通常”意义的副词,

由此确定答案为O)typicallyo另外一个备选副词F)drastically”急剧地”不符合句意,因

此排除。

32.【考点】动词辨析题。

J)【语法判断】空格前有情态动词can,因此空格处应填入动词原形。

【语义判断】本句意为:它们可能只是睡眠障碍的症状,可能是由不愉快的经历、压力

或某些药物o空格所在的that从句是定语从句,修饰sleepdisorder0由句意可知,

that从句里提到的因素可以导致sleepdisorder,因此空格处应填入含有“由...引起"意

义的动词原形,由此确定答案为J)result。备选的其他动词原形中,除E)depart之外,

其他均不能与介词fhnn连用,但是departfh)m表示“出发;违反(常规)”的意思,不

符合句意,因此排除。

33.【考点】形容词辨析题。

L)【语法判断】空格后有名词research,因此空格处应填入形容词。

【语义判断】本句意为:为了治疗睡眠障碍,有很多得到了研究支撑的药物和疗

法。本题可以用排除法。在备选形容词中,D)aware不能作名词的定语,即不能位于名

词之前,I)mechanical不能修饰research,意义不通,因此排除这两项。H)limited意思是

“有限的”,与句中anumberof,大量的“相矛盾,因此排除。由此确定本题答案为

L)rigorous,rigorousresearch表示“严格的研究

34.【考点】名词辨析题。

K)【语法判断】空格前有形容词recent,因此空格处应填入名词。

【语义判断】本句意为:最近发表在《临床睡眠医学杂志》上的一篇—,分析了关于

治疗噩梦障碍的现有研究。由句意可知,发表在《临床睡眠医学杂志》上的这篇文章是

对现有研究的梳理,在学术写作中,这类文章属于综述性质,因此空格处应填入含有

“综述”意义的名词,由此确定答案为K)review。

35.【考点】动词辨析题。

M)【语法判断】分析空格所在句的句子成分可知,本句缺少谓语动词,因此空格处应填入

动词,且能与后面的tohave构成todo结构。

【语义判断】本句意为:我们所知道的就是,人们在睡眠周期的不同时间做不同类型的

噩梦。备选项中符合要求的只有M)tend“往往”使句意通顺,故答案为M)。备选的其

他动词均没有此含义,而且都不能与todo连用,因此排除。

参考译文

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