高考英语一轮复习课时作业二十七选修6Unit2Poems课件新人教版

二十七选修6

Unit2

Poems(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2021·金华模拟)

You’vejustfinishedaheavymealandarefullup.Suddenly,yourhostannouncesproudlythathewillbeservinghis“housespecialty”dessert,bananasflambeandthathehasspentthebetterpartoftheafternoonpreparingit.Eventhoughyouarefullanddon’tevenlikebananas,youacceptaservingofhisdessertandeatitall.Clearly,biologicalfactorsdonotfullyexplainoureatingbehavior.Socialfactors,basedonsocietalrulesandonwhatwehavelearnedaboutappropriateeatingbehavior,alsoplayanimportantrole.Take,forexample,thesimplefactthatpeoplecustomarilyeatbreakfast,lunchanddinneratapproximatelythesametimeseveryday.Becausewetendtoeatonscheduleeveryday,wefeelhungryastheusualhourapproaches.Similarly,weputroughlythesameamountoffoodonourplateeveryday,eventhoughtheamountofexercisewemayhavehad,andconsequentlyourneedforenergysupply,variesfromdaytoday.Wealsotendtopreferparticularfoodoverothers.RatsanddogsmaybeadelicacyincertainAsiancultures,butfewpeopleinWesternculturesfindthemappealingdespitetheirpotentiallyhighnutritionalvalue.Insum,culturalinfluencesandourindividualhabitsplayimportantrolesindeterminingwhen,what,andhowmuchweeat.Othersocialfactorsrelatetooureatingbehavioraswell.Someofusheadtowardtherefrigeratorafteradifficultday,seekingcomfortinascoopofHeathBarCrunchicecream.Perhapswhenwewerechildren,ourparentsgaveusfoodwhenwewereupset.Eventually,wemayhavelearnedtoassociatefoodwithcomfort.Similarly,wemaylearnthateating,whichfocusesourattentiononimmediatepleasures,providesanescapefromunpleasantthoughts.Consequently,wemayeatwhenwefeelupsetandanxious.【文章大意】用餐后,面对主人端来的甜点,即使你不喜欢吃,你可能也会吃下去。作者利用举例的方法解释了饮食方面的社会因素。1.Whatcausesyoutoacceptthehost’sdessertofferattheendofthemeal?A.Yourhunger.

B.Thehost’spride.C.Thepleasanttaste. D.Socialpoliteness.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第一段Eventhoughyouarefullanddon’tevenlikebananas,youacceptaservingofhisdessertandeatitall和下文出现的socialfactors可知,你吃下餐后的甜点是由于社交礼貌。故选D。2.Theauthorexplainsthefactorsineatingmainlyby_________.

A.makingacomparison B.usingexamplesC.analyzingthedata D.undertakingasurvey【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章第二段forexample和第三段Ratsanddogs以及第四段ourparents...可知,作者利用举例的方法解释饮食方面的原因。故选B。3.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.SocialFactorsinEating.B.CausesofHunger.C.TableMannersatMeals.D.CulturalDifferencesinEating.【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据第一段Eventhoughyouarefullanddon’tevenlikebananas,youacceptaservingofhisdessertandeatitall和下文出现的socialfactors和第四段的Othersocialfactors可知,文章主要讲述饮食中的社会因素。故选A。BSpendingoverayearinthebleak(荒凉的)Antarcticamightchangeyourbrainfortheworse,accordingtonewresearchoutthismonth.Itseemstoshowthatpolarexplorerswholivedfor14monthsatanAntarcticaresearchstationexperiencedbrainshrinkage,likelyasaresultoftheirlonelinessandboredom.Thestudy’sauthorsusedMRI(核磁共振)toscanthebrainsofeightmembersofateambeforetheybeganalongstayattheGerman-runresearchstation.Duringtheirmission,theteamperiodicallytooktestsoftheircognitionandmemoryandprovidedbloodsamplesthatallowedthestudyauthorstomeasuretheirlevelsofaproteinimportantforbrainhealthcalledbrain-derivedneurotrophicfactor(BDNF).Whentheyreturned,theyhadtheirbrainsscannedagain.Finally,comparedtothemselvesbeforethemission,theexplorers’brainsappearedtohavelessgreymatteronaverage.Theshrinkagewasmostapparentinthehippocampus,inareaofthebrainkeytomemoryandcognition.TheiraveragelevelsofBDNFalsodroppedduringthetripanddidn’timprovesignificantlyevenafterone-and-a-halfmonthsbackhome.Thestudy’sfindings,publishedinThe

New

England

Journal

of

Medicine,aren’tthefirsttosuggestthatlongtimeofbeingseparatedcanchangethebrain.Butpracticallyallofthisworkhasinvolvedanimals,accordingtotheresearchers.Ofcourse,aneight-personstudyissmall,soanyofitsconclusionsshouldbetakenwithcaution.LeadauthorAlexanderC.Stahn,nowaresearcheratthePerelmanSchoolofMedicineattheUniversityofPennsylvania,saidthattheeffectsonthehippocampusarelikelytemporary,providedthescientistsreturnedbacktoalifefilledwithsocialinteractionandinterestingthingstosee.Still,sincepeoplewillcontinuetravelingtoandfromAntarcticaforlongperiodsoftime,thefindingsaredefinitelyworthkeepinginmindandexploringfurther.TheymightevenproverelevantfortherarefewpeoplewhomighttravelasfarasMarsinthefuture—perhapstheonlysimilarlyscientific,months-longmissionthatwouldbeevenmorelonely.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了有研究表明,在一个孤独的地方待很长时间会对大脑造成损害。介绍了这项研究的过程、相关研究人员对此的看法和这一发现的重要性。4.Whatwilldodamagetothebrainaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Doingresearchinbrainshrinkage.B.TravelingtotheAntarctica.C.Workingasaresearcherinastation.D.Beinginalonelyplaceforalongtime.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段SpendingoverayearinthebleakAntarcticamightchangeyourbrainfortheworse,accordingtonewresearchoutthismonth.Itseemstoshowthatpolarexplorerswholivedfor14monthsatanAntarcticaresearchstationexperiencedbrainshrinkage,likelyasaresultoftheirlonelinessandboredom.可知,根据本月公布的一项新研究,在荒凉的南极洲度过一年多可能会让你的大脑变得更糟。这似乎表明,在南极研究站生活了14个月的极地探险家的大脑出现了萎缩,可能是由于他们的孤独和无聊。由此可知,在一个孤独的地方待很长时间会对大脑造成损害。故选D。5.Howdidthescientistsgettheconclusion?A.Bycomparingthescannedresults.B.Bystudyingthepreviousfigures.C.Bymakingalong-termprogram.D.Byscanningtheparticipants’brains.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段Thestudy’sauthorsusedMRItoscanthebrainsofeightmembersofateambeforetheybeganalongstayattheGerman-runresearchstation.Duringtheirmission,theteamperiodicallytooktestsoftheircognitionandmemoryandprovidedbloodsamplesthatallowedthestudyauthorstomeasuretheirlevelsofaproteinimportantforbrainhealthcalledbrain-derived

neurotrophicfactor(BDNF).Whentheyreturned,theyhadtheirbrainsscannedagain.(该研究的作者在一个团队的8名成员开始在德国运营的研究站长期停留之前,使用核磁共振成像扫描了他们的大脑。在他们执行任务的过程中,团队成员定期进行认知和记忆测试,并提供血样,使研究作者能够测量他们的一种叫脑源性神经营养因子的蛋白质水平,这种蛋白质对大脑健康很重要。当他们返回时,再次对他们的大脑进行扫描)以及第三段Finally,comparedtothemselvesbeforethemission,theexplorers’brainsappearedtohavelessgreymatteronaverage.Theshrinkagewasmostapparentinthehippocampus,inareaofthebrainkeytomemoryandcognition.TheiraveragelevelsofBDNFalsodroppedduringthetripanddidn’timprovesignificantlyevenafterone-and-a-halfmonthsbackhome.可知,最后,与执行任务前相比,探险者的大脑平均灰质较少。海马的萎缩最为明显,主要是大脑中记忆和认知的关键区域。他们的平均BDNF水平在旅途中也有所下降,即使在回家一个半月后也没有明显改善。由此可知,科学家通过比较扫描结果得出结论。故选A。6.Whatcanweinferabouttheexplorerswhentheyreturned?A.Theywerenolongerusedtothecivilizedworld.B.Theyhadsomedifficultyinrememberingthings.C.Theybecamenormalafterone-and-a-halfmonths.D.Theypublishedtheirfindingsinamedicalmagazine.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段中Finally,comparedtothemselvesbeforethemission,theexplorers’brainsappearedtohavelessgreymatteronaverage.Theshrinkagewasmostapparentinthehippocampus,inareaofthebrainkeytomemoryandcognition.可知,最后,与执行任务前相比,探险家的大脑平均灰质较少。海马的萎缩最为明显,主要是大脑中记忆和认知的关键区域。由此可推知,当探险家返回时,他们在记忆方面有些困难。故选B。7.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theimportanceofthefindings.B.Thedisadvantageofthefindings.C.Thefuturedevelopmentofthespace.D.ThepossibilityoftravellingtoMars.【解析】选A。段落大意题。根据最后一段Still,sincepeoplewillcontinuetravelingtoandfromAntarcticaforlongperiodsoftime,thefindingsaredefinitelyworthkeepinginmindandexploringfurther.TheymightevenproverelevantfortherarefewpeoplewhomighttravelasfarasMarsinthefuture—perhapstheonlysimilarlyscientific,months-longmissionthatwouldbeevenmorelonely.可知,尽管如此,由于人们将在很长一段时间内继续往返于南极洲之间,这些发现绝对值得我们牢记在心,值得进行进一步探索。它们甚至可能会被证明与未来可能远行到火星的极少数人有关——也许只有类似的科学性、长达数月的任务才会更加孤独。由此可知,最后一段主要讲了这些发现的重要性。故选A。【知识拓展】长难句分析Duringtheirmission,theteamperiodicallytooktestsoftheircognitionandmemoryandprovidedbloodsamplesthatallowedthestudyauthorstomeasuretheirlevelsofaproteinimportantforbrainhealthcalledbrain-derivedneurotrophicfactor(BDNF).分析:该句是复合句。“thatallowedthestudyauthorstomeasuretheirlevelsofaprotein”作定语,修饰先行词samples,后面的importantforbrainhealthcalledbrain-derivedneurotrophicfactor(BDNF)作后置定语,修饰前面的aprotein。翻译:在他们执行任务的过程中,团队成员定期进行认知和记忆测试,并提供血样,使研究作者能够测量他们的一种叫脑源性神经营养因子的蛋白质水平,这种蛋白质对大脑健康很重要。Ⅱ.完形填空

ThatholidaymorningIdidn’thavetoattendschool.Usually,onholidays,Mother

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metosleepin.AndIwouldcertainlytakefulladvantageofit.Onthisparticularmorning,

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,Ifeltlikegettingupearly.

Istoodbymywindowoverlookingthe

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,havingnothingbettertodo.Butasitturnedout,Iwassoontolearnaboutsomething

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inlife.

AsIwatchedseveralpeoplegoby,getintotheircarsandgooff,I

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anoldmanonabicyclewithabucketonits

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andabasket,ragsandbottlesonitsback-carriage.He

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fromonecartoanother,washingandcleaningthem.Fromthewaterontheground,itseemedthathehadalready

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washingandcleaningaboutadozenormorecars.Hemusthavebeguntoworkquiteearlyinthemorning.

Severalthoughts

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mymindasIwatchedhimwork.Hewasn’twell-dressed.Hehadonapairofshortsanda(n)

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T-shirt.Thebicycleherodewasnotbyanymeansthekindmodern

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wouldwanttobeseenridingon.Butheseemed

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withlife.Therehewas,workinghardathissmallbusiness,

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atpassers-byandstoppingtochatnowandthen

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elderlymenandwomenontheirwaytothemarketnearby.

Therewasanoticeabletouchof

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inthewayheseemedtobedoingthings—

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thewindscreen,thenstandingbacktoadmireit;scrubbingthewheelsand

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,standingbacktoseewhattheylooklikeafterthescrub.

Itwasa

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tolearn,Ifelt.Atnoageneedonehavetobegfora

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ifonehasgoodhealthandiswillingtoworkhard.ForawhileIfelt

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ofmyself.YoungasIam—justsixteen,andtherewasthisoldmanwhomusthavebeenusefullyengagedperhapsbeforethesunappearedabovethehorizon.

【文章大意】本文是记叙文。某假日的早晨,作者起得早早的。窗外停车场上,一位普通洗车工忙碌而自得其乐的情景令他悟得人生真谛:身体棒、肯劳动就会成为有用之人!1.A.forces

B.allowsC.causes D.forbids【解析】选B。句意:通常,在节假日,母亲允许我睡懒觉。forces强迫;allows允许;causes引起;forbids禁止。假日不用上学,所以母亲允许我睡懒觉。故选B。2.A.otherwise B.thereforeC.however D.besides【解析】选C。句意:在这个早晨,然而,我格外想早起。otherwise否则;therefore因此;however然而;besides另外。在这一天,我一反常态,起得早早的。与上文形成对比转折关系。故选C。3.A.parkinglot B.busstopC.school D.market【解析】选A。句意:没有更好的事可做,我站在窗边俯瞰停车场。parkinglot停车场;busstop公共汽车站;school学校;market市场。由下文对洗车工忙碌的介绍可推测作者俯瞰窗外的停车场。故选A。4.A.interesting B.surprisingC.awful D.useful【解析】选D。句意:但事实证明,我很快学到了生活中有用的一课。interesting有趣的;surprising令人惊讶的;awful可怕的;useful有用的。从最后一段看出作者通过观察洗车工忙碌而自得其乐的情形感悟到人有着勤劳而健康的双手就会成为有用之人。这确实是有益的一课。故选D。5.A.noticed B.recognizedC.called D.assisted【解析】选A。句意:当我看到几个人经过,上了他们的车然后走了时,我注意到一个老人骑着单车,车把上挂着一只水桶,后车架上载着抹布和瓶瓶罐罐。noticed注意到;recognized意识到;called呼叫;assisted帮助。在忙碌而有序的洗车场上作者注意到一位骑着单车前来洗车的老人。故选A。6.A.back B.handleC.wheel D.seat【解析】选B。back背部;handle把手;wheel轮子;seat座位。描绘洗车工自行车的扶手上挂着一只水桶,后车架上载着抹布和瓶瓶罐罐。handle有“手柄,车把”之意。故选B。7.A.searched B.leftC.moved D.wandered【解析】选C。句意:他从一辆车移动到另一辆车,清洗着它们。searched寻找;left离开;moved移动;wandered徘徊。洗车时当然是从一辆车洗到另一辆车。有“移动”之意。故选C。8.A.stopped B.startedC.intended D.finished【解析】选D。句意:从地上的水可以看出,似乎他已经清洗完了大约十二辆或者更多的车辆。stopped停止;started开始;intended打算;finished完成。从文章描述淌满地的水,可以看出洗车工已洗完大约十二辆车甚至更多。故选D。9.A.crossed B.slippedC.disturbed D.inspired【解析】选A。句意:当我看着他工作时,脑子里闪过一些想法。crossed穿过;slipped滑动;disturbed干扰;inspired鼓舞。作者看到洗车工工作专注而勤劳的情形,脑子里闪过一些想法。A项符合语境。故选A。10.A.attractive B.shinyC.simple D.expensive【解析】选C。句意:他穿得不好,他穿着短裤和一件简单的T恤。attractive具有吸引力的;shiny有光泽的;simple简单的;expensive昂贵的。由前一句得知,洗车工穿着简朴,简单,穿着短裤和简朴的T恤衫。故选C。11.A.repairmen B.businessmenC.drivers D.cyclists【解析】选D。句意:他骑的自行车绝不是专业自行车骑手想被看到骑行的那种现代的自行车。repairmen修理工;businessmen生意人;drivers司机;cyclists骑自行车的人。洗车工用的车绝不是专业自行车骑手所用的那一种。cyclists指自行车骑手。故选D。12.A.busy B.contentC.careful D.bored【解析】选B。句意:但是他似乎对生活很满意。busy忙碌的;content满意的;careful细心的;bored感到厌烦的。be(seem)contentwith表示“对……满意”。根据文章所述,洗车工虽忙碌辛苦却对此很满意。故选B。13.A.waving B.lookingC.laughing D.pointing【解析】选A。句意:他在那里,在他的小生意上努力工作,向经过的人挥着手,不时地停下来与去附近市场的老年人闲聊。waving挥动;looking看;laughing大笑;pointing指向。描述洗车工工作时时而向过路人挥手,时而停下手中的活与去市场的老人小叙一番。故选A。14.A.about B.forC.with D.like【解析】选C。chatwithsb.表示与某人闲聊。故选C。15.A.worry B.respectC.sympathy D.pride【解析】选D。句意:他做事时,有一种明显的自豪感。worry担忧;respect尊重;sympathy同情;pride自豪。根据下文描述的洗车工擦完挡风玻璃后会欣赏一番,洗完车轮后也会欣赏一番,由此可知,一股自豪(pride)满意之情溢于言表。故选D。16.A.cleaning B.fixingC.replacing D.covering【解析】选A。句意:……清洗挡风玻璃,然后站回去欣赏它。cleaning打扫;fixing固定,安装;replacing替代;covering覆盖。由后文的分号和scrubbing综合得知,此处用scrubbing的同义词。表示清洗挡风玻璃。故选A。17.A.still B.yetC.again D.soon【解析】选C。句意:擦洗轮子后又退后看看它们在擦完后的样子。still仍然;yet还;again又;soon不久。前文说洗车工擦洗完挡风玻璃,就“standingbacktoadmireit”;当洗干净车轮后又“standingbacktosee...”。故选C。18.A.lesson B.subjectC.skill D.fact【解析】选A。句意:我觉得它是学到的一堂课。lesson课;subject科目;skill技能;fact事实。洗车工感人而令人遐思的忙碌又自得其乐的场景,仿佛给作者上了一堂人生之课。故选A。19.A.business B.livingC.success D.right【解析】选B。句意:如果一个人有良好的健康并且愿意努力工作,在任何年龄都不需要为生活乞讨。business生意;living生活;success成功;right权利。作者得出的人生真谛——有着健康的身体和勤劳的双手,任何年龄段的人都不需要乞讨谋生(过着不劳而获的生活)。故选B。20.A.tired B.doubtfulC.fearful D.ashamed【解析】选D。句意:有一会儿,我为自己感到羞愧。tired劳累的;doubtful怀疑的;fearful可怕的;ashamed羞愧的。根据下文YoungasIam—justsixteen,andtherewasthisoldmanwhomusthavebeenusefullyengagedperhapsbeforethesunappearedabovethehorizon.可推断,作者为自己这么年轻而无所事事感到羞愧。故选D。【知识拓展】1.As的倒装句型原文最后一段:YoungasIam—justsixteen,andtherewasthisoldmanwhomusthavebeenusefullyengagedperhapsbeforethesunappearedabovethehorizon.as引导的倒装句,表语提前,意思为“尽管”。例如:①Exhaustedashewas,hestillstruggledtohisfeet.虽然筋疲力尽,他依然挣扎着站起来。②Cuteasthesquirrelwas,ittoremymagazine.虽然松鼠很可爱,但是它撕毁了我的杂志。2.Itseemedthat...似乎……原文第三段:Fromthewaterontheground,itseemedthathehadalreadyfinishedwashingandcleaningaboutadozenormorecars.此句型实质上是“主+系+表”结构。其中it是主语,seemed为系动词,that引导表语从句。强调根据一定的事实所得出的一种接近实际情况的判断。例如:Itseemsthatnooneknowswhathashappenedinthepark.似乎没有人知道公园里发生了什么。Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Beijing’snewDaxingInternationalAirportis1._________(official)openforbusiness.

It’sabsolutelymassive,2._________(cover)thesizeofapproximately140footballfields—theterminalbuilding(候机楼)aloneis700,000squaremetres.Theeye-catchingairportterminalactuallylooksalittlelikesomethingoutofasci-fifilmwith3._________(it)spider-likeshape.

Passengerscanfindtherestaurants,shopsandairportsecurityinthecentralpartoftheairport,whileeach“arm”oftheairportwilllead4._________theboardinggatesandtheeightrunways.

Theinsidepartsofit5._________(be)justasimpressiveastheairport’sunexpectedshape,withhighceilingsandswirling-type(漩涡型)architecturalfeaturesthroughout.

It6._________(estimate)thattheairportwillbehosting72millionpassengersannuall