专题02-必修三Unit2知识梳理【牛津译林(2020)版】

专题02必修三Unit2知识梳理-2022-2023学年高一英语第二学期期末复习【牛津译林（2020）版】期末复习方向：1.重点词汇词性拓展2.重点单词讲解3.语法讲解重点词汇词性拓展injurevt.伤害,使受伤;损害→injuredadj.受伤的一injuryn.伤害,损害reactv.起反应;(对…)作出反应;回应→reactionn.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应signalvi.&vt.发信号,示意;标志n.信号,暗号;标志;信号灯------signalled（过去式、过去分词）---------signalling（现在分词）occurvi.发生，出现；存在于→过去分词:occurred→现在分词:occurring→sthoccurstosb.想法等浮现在某人脑海中→不用于被动语态及进行时reliefn.宽慰,轻松;减轻,消除;救济→relievevt.使减轻destructive_adj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的，破坏(或毁灭性)的→destructv．破坏→destructionn．破坏informvt.通知；了解,熟悉→informedadj.见多识广的,消息灵通的shockvt.使震惊;使气愤n.震惊,惊愕;剧烈震动shockedadj.感到震惊的;shockingadj.令人震惊的scarevt.&vi.惊吓,害怕n.恐慌;惊吓→scaredadj.害怕的→scaryadj.恐怖的,吓人的powern.电,电力；权力；政权;控制力;能力;能量;力量→powerfuladj.强大的，强有力的,效力大的→powerlessadj.无力的;无权的supplyn.补给,补给品;供应;供应量→supplyanddemand供应与需求→supply...with...向...提供某物eruptvi.&vt.(火山)爆发；突然发生→eruptionn．爆发donatevt.捐赠，赠送；献(血)→donationn.捐赠一donorn.捐赠者,赠送者curiousadj.好奇的;奇特的→curiosityn.好奇心→curiouslyadv.好奇地对……好奇preservevt.保存；保护；维护;贮存,保鲜;保留n.保护区→preservationn.维护；保护；保持；保养importn.进口产品,输入的产品;输入vt.进口,引进→exportn.出口产品,输出的产品;出口,输出vt.出口,输出unbearableadj.难耐的，无法忍受的→bearableadj.可以忍受的→bearvt.忍受distancen．遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远→distantadj.遥远的sharpadj.灵敏的;锋利的;急剧的;明显的;尖锐的;强烈的→sharplyadv.急剧地;明显地;尖锐地;强烈地------sharpenv.(使)变锋利locatevt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于)→locationn.地方；地点→locatedadj.位于→belocatedin位于；坐落在rescuen.＆vt.救援，营救，抢救→rescuern.救助者→cometoone’srescue来营救某人→rescue...from...把...从...中营救出来retirevi.＆vt.退休，退职→retirementn.退休词组集锦escapefrom 逃脱atlarge 整个;全部holdonto 紧握incase 以防remainstill 保持不动safeandsound 安然无恙toone’srelief 使人安心的是blowaway 吹走;驱散tiedown 约束;栓系floodin 大量的涌入Keepone’shead (在困境中)保持冷静重点单词讲解injurevt.伤害,使受伤;损害→injuredadj.受伤的一injuryn.伤害,损害严重受伤___be/getbadly/seriouslyinjured_________伤害某人的自尊/情感___injureone'spride/feelings____Luckily,the_____injured_______(injure)weresoontakentothehospital.reactv.起反应;(对…)作出反应;回应→reactionn.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应作为对……的反应___inreactionto_________连锁反应___achainreaction_________对…起反应;对…作出回应___reactto________反抗，反对___reactagainst________crashn.碰撞声,破裂声;碰撞;崩溃vi.&vt.碰撞,撞击;崩溃撞上某物___crashintosth.________碰撞……到……上___crashsth.into.sth.________车祸____acarcrash_______signalvi.&vt.发信号,示意;标志n.信号,暗号;标志;信号灯示意某人做某事___signal(to)sb.todosth.____发出信号__sendoutasignal_________接收信号__receive/pickupasignal_____我妈妈在示意我将桌子移开Mymother___issignalling(to)metoremovethetable___hugvt.拥抱，搂抱；抱紧n.拥抱；搂抱给某人一个拥抱___hugsb.=givesb.ahug________热烈地拥抱某人____givesb.abighug_______熊抱某人__givesb.abearhug/giveabearhugtosb._________occurvi.发生,出现;存在于→occurrencen.发生;发生的事情Itseldomoccurred____to____himtostopandenjoythescenery.Hewassooccupied.当一些学生身上发生不愉快的事情的时候,我们的老师鼓励他们要保持良好的心态。(occur,keepup)Whensomethingunhappyoccurstosomestudents,ourteachersencouragethemtokeepupagoodstateofmind.__reliefn.宽慰,轻松;减轻,消除;救济→relievevt.使减轻如释重负；松了口气____inrelief_______做某事令人欣慰。___Itisarelieftodosth.________终于放心了！__Whatarelief!___使某人欣慰的是____toone'srelief_______informvt.通知；了解,熟悉→informedadj.见多识广的,消息灵通的→informationn.信息;消息;情报;资料通知某人某事__informsb.ofsth.__随时告知某人某事____keepsb.informedof/aboutsth.____与informsb.ofsth.结构相同的短语还有:治好某人的病___curesb.ofsth.______使某人相信某事__convincesb.ofsth.____提醒某人某事_remindsb.ofsth__________抢某人的某物__robsbofsth_________使某人摆脱某事__ridsbofsth_________指控某人犯有…罪__accusesbofsth_____怀疑某人某事____suspectsbofsth_______shockvt.使震惊;使气愤n.震惊,惊愕;剧烈震动shockedadj.感到震惊的;shockingadj.令人震惊的处在震惊中____inshock___陷入休克状态___sufferfromshock____极大的震惊___abig/greatshock____震惊某人__givesb.ashock______令某人震惊的是__toone'sshock____scarevt.&vi.惊吓,害怕n.恐慌;惊吓→scaredadj.害怕的→scaryadj.恐怖的,吓人的恐吓某人做某事___scaresb.intodoingsth.____把……吓跑___scare...off/away________把……吓死____scare/frighten...todeath_______害怕(做)某事___bescared/frightened/afraidof(doing)sth.________害怕做某事___bescaredtodosth.________恐怖的一刻___ascarymoment________恐怖片__ascarymovie_____powern.电,电力；权力；政权;控制力;能力;能量;力量→powerfuladj.强大的，强有力的,效力大的→powerlessadj.无力的;无权的断电_powerfailure___核能/风能/太阳能__nuclear/wind/solarpower____为某人能力所不及__beyondone'spower________在某人的能力(权力)之内__withinone'spower___执政(强调状态)____beinpower_______supplyn.补给,补给品;供应;供应量,储备v.供应,供给，提供食物/水/煤气/电供给___food/water/gas/electricitysupply______供求关系___supplyanddemand________供给不足___inshortsupply_______一批；许多____asupplyof________为某人提供某物____supplysb.withsth./supplysth.tosb./providesb.withsth./providesth.forsb.__donatevt.捐赠，赠送；献(血)→donationn.捐赠一donorn.捐赠者,赠送者向某人/某机构捐赠某物____donatesth.tosb./sth._______地震发生后,全世界的人向地震灾区捐款捐物。Aftertheearthquakehappened,peopleallovertheworlddonatedmoneyandmaterialstothequake-strickenareas.floodn.洪水,水灾;大量vt.&vi.(被)淹没,泛滥;大量涌入；(感觉或回忆)涌上心头,充满(河水)泛滥___beinflood________大量……__afloodof..._________从……蜂拥而出__floodoutofsth._________(感觉或回忆)突然涌现___floodback________大量收到某物____befloodedwithsth._______curiousadj.好奇的;奇特的→curiosityn.好奇心→curiouslyadv.好奇地对……好奇好奇做某事____becuriousabout..._______……真是奇怪。__Itiscuriousthat...______唤起某人对……的好奇___arouseone'scuriosityabout...____出于好奇心_outofcuriosity_______带着好奇心；好奇地____withcuriosity=curiously_______preservevt.保存；保护；维护;贮存,保鲜;保留n.保护区→preservationn.维护；保护；保持；保养保护……免受__preserve...from/against(doing)sth._________为……而保存某事物__preservesth.for..._________被保存得很好___bepreservedwell________成立这个组织是为了保护濒危物种不致灭绝。Theorganizationwassetupto_preserveendangeredspeciesfromextinction.___importn.进口产品,输入的产品;输入vt.进口,引进→exportn.出口产品,输出的产品;出口,输出vt.出口,输出进口税_____importduty______出口许可证____anexportpermit_______从……向……出口某物____exportsth.from...to..._______beyondadv.在(或向)较远处；在另一边prep.在(或向)更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外为某人能力所不及____beyondone'spower_______某人无权/没有能力做某事__beyondone'spowertodosth._________某人做梦也想不到__beyondone'swildestdreams_________难以置信的__beyondbelief_________超过限度____beyondthelimit_______超出某人的理解范围____beyondone'scomprehension_____distantadj.遥远的；冷漠的→distancen.遥远，久远;距离；差异；疏远→distantlyadv.遥远地；冷漠地从远处，离一段距离___at/fromadistance________在……远的地方__atadistanceof_________在步行距离之内__withinwalkingdistance_________(与……)保持距离___keepone'sdistance(from..)________与某人保持一定距离____keepsb.atadistance______rescuen.&vt.救援，营救,抢救救援队__arescueteam_________来搭救某人____cometothe/one'srescue_______从……中/处救……__rescue...from..._________幸运的是，多亏了来救援他们的士兵，他俩都幸免于难。Fortunately,bothofthemsurvived_thankstothesoldierswhocametotheirrescue.____sharpadj.灵敏的;锋利的;急剧的;明显的;尖锐的;强烈的→sharplyadv.急剧地;明显地;尖锐地;强烈地sharpenv.(使)变锋利言语犀利__asharptongue____公路上的急转弯___asharpbendintheroad____他膝盖上的剧痛__sharppaininhisknee______"Whatdoyoumeanbythat?"Paulasked___sharply____(sharp).Anne__sharpened___(sharp)herpencilandstartedtodoherhomework.locatevt.找出……的准确位置;把安置在(建造于)→locationn.地点,位置__Located__(locate)inShandongProvince,MountTaiisfamousforitsbeautifulscenery.中国位于亚洲的东部，陆地面积约为960万平方千米。ChinaislocatedintheeastofAsiawiththeareaofabout9,600,000squarekilometres.语法讲解动词不定式可以作句子的主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等成分。1）作主语Tohearfromyouisnice.Tobeagoodteacherisnoteasy.不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主语，而不定式置于谓语动词后。It’snicetohearfromyou.It’snoteasytobeagoodteacher.2）作宾语 通常用于afford,agree,aim,arrange,ask,attempt,choose,continue,dare,decide,demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,hate,help,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,long,love,manage,mean,need,offer,plan,prefer,prepare,pretend,promise,prove,refuse,seek,threaten,trouble,wait,want,wish等动词后面。Iforgottolockthedoor.Pleaseremembertowritetome.记忆口诀：三个希望两答应（hope，wish，want，agree，promise）一个要求莫拒绝（demand，refuse）设法学会做决定（manage，decide）不要假装在选择（pretend，choose）3）作表语Myjobistopickupletters.Heseemedtohaveheardnothing.4）作定语在thefirst,thesecond,thethird,thelast等之后通常接不定式作定语。作定语时须放在被修饰的名词之后：Heisalwaysthefirstonetogetup.Ihaveafewwordstosayonthisquestion.主动形式表被动含义：Ihaveabooktoread.Itiseasytoread.Haveyouanythingtosend?比较：Haveyouanythingtobesent?Sheisthelasttocome.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.5）作宾补 通常用于advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,challenge,convince,enable,encourage,expect,forbid,force,instruct,invite,order,permit,persuade,recommend,remind,request,require,teach,tell,train,urge,want,warn等词后。Heorderedhertoleaveatonce.Hewasforcedtoobeyhismother’sorder.6）作状语不定式作状语时通常表示目的，不定式用作目的状语有两个可能的位置，一是在句首，二是在句末。一般说来，用于句首属于强调性用法，即强调动词的目的。也可用于“beadj.todo”结构中作原因状语。Hegotupearlytocatchthefirstbus.Tofinishthetaskontime,wehavetoworkhard.I’mhappytohearthenews.I’msurprisedtoseehimhere.onlyto...往往表示“意想不到”的结果；neverto...可以接后续的结果。so...asto...,such...asto...,enoughto...,onlyto...以及too...to...等结构中的不定式也表结果：Herfatherdisappeared,nevertobeheardagain. Iwenttothebankonlytofinditwasclosed.不定式和现在分词作状语的区别

1.作目的状语。不定式作目的状语，带有很强的目的性，有时可以把(inorder)todo置于句首。而现在分词作目的状语时，目的和伴随兼而有之。多放于句末，与主句用逗号隔开。(Inorder)toensuresuccess,wemustmakeacompleteandthroughplan.Youshouldkeepitasecret,tryingtoprotecttheplan.2.作结果状语。不定式作结果状语表示意外的结果。现在分词作状语表示自然的结果。Hereturnedhomemanyyearslater,onlytofindthateverythinghadchanged.(意外的结果)Itrainedheavilylastnight,causingtherivertorise.(自然的结果)7）作独立成分tobehonest,tobeginwith,tostartwith,totellyouthetruth,tomakealongstoryshortTotellyouthetruth,Itoldalie.Tobegin/startwith,let’ssingasong.Tomakealongstoryshort,hesucceededinpassingtheexam.8）不定式特殊用法用it作形式主语或者形式宾语动词不定式作主语时，如果主语太长，通常用it作形式主语，将真正的主语——动词不定式后置。ForustolearnEnglishwellisnecessary.→ItisnecessaryforustolearnEnglishwell.动词不定式作主语时，如果将句子变为疑问句，应使用it作形式主语。Towalktothestationtakestwentyminutes.→Doesittaketwentyminutestowalktothestation?9）动词不定式