2022海淀区高考英语完形填空和阅理暑假自练(3)及答案

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Businessesarewitnessingadifficulttime,whichhasinturnproducedinfluenceonconsumers’desiretogogreen.However,shoppersarestilllayingstressonenvironmentalconcerns.Twothirdsofcustomerssaythatenvironmentalconsiderationsinformtheirpurchasestothesamedegreeastheydidayearago,whilemorethanaquartersaythattheyarenowevenbetterawareoftheenvironmentaleffectonwhattheybuy.Thismayhelptoinfluencehowshopsstoregoodsontheirshelves.Andthecompaniesshouldstillmakeeffortstobecomemoreenvironmentallyfriendly.Twooutofthreepeoplethinkitisimportanttobuyfromenvironmentallyresponsiblecompanies,withaboutoneinsevensayingthattheyhadevendecidedtotaketheircustomelsewhereiftheyfeltacompany’senvironmentalreputationwasnotgoodenough.HarryMorrison,chiefexecutive(主管)oftheCarbonTrust,sympathizes:“Iunderstandthissituationwheresurvivalisveryimportantnow.Butfromenvironmentalconsiderations,theclockisticking—wedon’thavemuchtime.Inaddition,cuttingcarbonhasanimmediateeffectascostsdropandamedium-termbenefitforthebrand.”Largercompanieshaveanextramotivationtolookatreducingtheircarbonfootprint,asnewrulesnextyearwillrequirebusinessestobuycarbonallowancestomakeupfortheiremissions(排放).Thosethathavetakenearlyactionwillhaveaheadstart.Morethantwothirdsofconsumersarenotclearaboutwhichcompaniesareenvironmentallyresponsible.Thissuggeststhatfirmsthatareabletorelayclearlytheirmessagetothepublicwillbeinapolepositiontoattractshoppers.TheCarbonTrustbelievesthatitcanhelpbyinformingcustomersaboutthegoodworkcompaniesaredoing.“Whencompaniesaregranted(授予)thestandard,theycanusealogo(标识)inalltheirmarketingwhichmakesitclearthattheyareworkingtowardscuttingemissions,”Mr.Morrisonsaid.1.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Businessesarefindingwaystosendtheirmessagetotheshoppers.B.Companieswillsoongetinformationaboutcuttingcarbonemissions.C.Firmsaremakingeffortstoencouragecustomerstokeepgoodsathome.D.Firmsareurgedtocutcarbonemissionsbyshoppers’environmentalawareness.2.Theunderlinedword“inform”inParagraph2probablymeans“”.A.affectB.changeC.disturbD.reject3.AccordingtoHarryMorrison,businesses.A.willbenefitfromcuttingcarbonemissionsB.shouldbuycarbonallowancesforshoppersC.arerequiredtomakeupfortheircarbonemissionsD.haveencouragedshopperstotaketheircustomelsewhere4.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatbusinesseswill.A.haveastrongdesiretoreducecostsB.usethesamelogointheirmarketingC.gainadvantagesbytakingearlyactionD.attractmoreshoppersbystoringgoods【参考答案】1-4DAAC【山东省菏泽市2022高考英语一模试题】完形填空。阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Xinxin,a12-year-oldstudentfromBeijing,enjoyedhiswintervacationwithhisfatherinSingapore.Duringtheirvisit,heevenhadthechanceto11someofSingapore'ssightsbyhimself12hisfatherwasbusywithotherthings.Xinxin’sfirstadventure13inSingaporewasatawaterparkneartheirhotel.Heenjoyedswimmingand14intothewaterbyhimself,andthenreturnedtothehotelbeforeatimeintheeveningthatwas15TheboyalsomadeatriptoUniversalStudiosSingapore16aguardian.Hehadalreadybeentotheparkwithhisfathertwotimesduringthetrip.Xinxinvolunteeredtomakehis17tripbyhimself.Hisfathergavehimsomepocketmoneytobuylunch,andthenXinxinrodetheshuttlefromtheirhoteltothestudios.Hespentawholedaythereandhada18InaninterviewwithBeijingEveningNews,Xinxin’sfathersaidthat19hewastoobusytospendallhistimewithhisson,hedecidedtogivehimtheopportunitytodevelopasenseof20.HadXinxin’smotherbeenthere,shewouldnothaveletXinxinoutofhersight,thefathercommented.11.A.study B.explore C.test D.measure12.A.while B.until C.before D.unless13.A.along B.alive C.alone D.lonely14.A.floating B.surfing C.driving D.diving15.A.made B.set C.decided D.asked16.A.under B.behind C.with D.without17.A.first B.second C.third D.fourth18.A.terrible B.miserable C.fantastic D.flexible19.A.though B.since C.if D.when20.A.independence B.daring C.pride D.diligence【参考答案】11—15BACDB16—20DCCBA第1模块完形填空模块导读（3）探究点二对形容词和副词的考查形容词、副词是高考完形填空题重要的考查内容。形容词可以修饰名词；副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等。广东高考完形填空考查的副词有相当一部分是方式副词(表示行为动作发生方式的副词)。重点把握以下两类副词：1．由形容词加后缀ly构成的副词，如slowly(渐渐地),politely(有礼貌地),proudly(傲慢地),carelessly(马虎地),properly(适当地，完全地),successfully(成功地)，badly(严峻地，格外)等。2．由分词加后缀ly构成的副词，如surprisingly(使人惊异的是),hurriedly(匆忙地),undoubtedly(无疑，必定)等。做题时应当留意：1．形容词、副词的基本意义、引申意义例1Thathisonlysonwaskilledinacaraccidentwasa__________blowtotheoldman.A．heavyB．broadC．hugeD．main【解析】A老人唯一的儿子在车祸中丧生对他来说是沉重的打击。这里的heavy意思是“猛烈的，沉重的”。例2Shehastheabilitytokeep________inanemergency.A．quietB．calmC．stillD．silent【解析】B我们不妨从这几个表示“静”的反义词的角度来加以辨析。calm对应wild,指海上无浪，心情稳定；still对应moving,指不动；silent对应wordy,指不出声；quiet对应noisy,指安静，无噪音。由句意可知应选B。例3Mr.Smithusedtosmoke________buthehasgivenitup.A．seriouslyB．heavilyC．badlyD．hardly【解析】BMr.Smith以前抽烟抽得很凶，但现在已经戒掉了。这里的heavily指的是量大，次数频繁。例4Thefinalscoreofthebasketballmatchwas93∶94.Wewereonly________beaten.A．nearlyB．slightlyC．narrowlyD．lightly【解析】C副词narrowly在此表示“牵强地”。句意：篮球赛的最终比分是93∶94。我们以微弱的劣势输掉了竞赛。例5Itisalwaysdifficultbeinginaforeigncountry,________ifyoudon’tspeakthelanguage.A．extremelyB．naturallyC．basicallyD．especially【解析】D留意把握词语的精确含义，结合语境进行分析。extremely极端地；naturally自然地；basically基本上；especially尤其，特殊地。例6Shedevotedherself________toherresearchanditearnedheragoodreputationinherfield.A．stronglyB．extremelyC．entirelyD．freely【解析】Cstrongly猛烈地；extremely极端地，格外；entirely全部地，完全地；freely自由地。依据句意，C项最符合。2．同、近义形容词、副词的区分在对形容词和副词的考查中，有时会遇到同义、近义词的辨析。辨析时，单从汉语意思上有时是无法辨清的。我们要逆向思维，接受反义对比、分析构词等方法，使语义一目了然。例7WhenItookhistemperature,itwastwodegreesabove________.A．averageB．ordinaryC．regularD．normal例8Letterboxesaremuchmore________intheUKthanintheUS,wheremostpeoplehaveamailboxinstead.A．CommonB．NormalC．ordinaryD．usual例9It’sinthe________interestthatweshouldhaveawellrunhealthservice.A．ordinaryB．generalC．ParticularD．usual例10Now,inourcountry,freemedicaltreatmentcoverssicknessofmindaswellas________sickness.A．normalB．averageC．ordinaryD．regular【解析】7.D8.A9.B10.C这组题目主要涉及ordinary,usual,common和normal等词语的辨析。要辨清这几个中文意义格外相近的词的用法，我们不妨来个逆向思维，从它们的反义词上去查找一些“蛛丝马迹”：ordinary—special(特殊的)；general—specific,particular(具体的，个体的)；common—rare(少见的)；normal—abnormal(不正常的)。从反义词的角度，把同义、近义词作对比，它们的区分便一目了然。3．形容词与介词的搭配例11Thismagazineisvery________withyoungpeople,wholikeitscontentandstyle.A．familiarB．popularC．similarD．particular【解析】Bbefamiliarwith生疏；bepopularwith受……欢迎；besimilarto与……相像(留意不搭配介词with)；beparticularabout对……很讲究(不搭配介词with)。4．副词与动词的搭配例12I________recognizethedifficultsituationthecompanyisin.A．StronglyB．deeplyC．sincerelyD．fully【解析】D留意记忆一些常用表达，如deeplyregret深感圆满；fullyrecognize完全认清；sincerelyhope由衷地期望；stronglyrecommend猛烈建议。5．语境对形容词、副词的考查，侧重语境考查占较大比重。解答此类题目时不仅要理解形容词和副词的词义，而且对语境的正确理解更为重要。所以，要依据语境选择与短文所描述的情景或叙述的人、物、大事的性质、特征等有关的形容词或副词，选择与短文前后叙述的话题、主题、中心内容相关的形容词或副词。例13Thecommitteeisdiscussingtheproblemrightnow.Itwill________havebeensolvedbytheendofnextweek.A．eagerly．hopefullyC．immediatelyＤ．gradually【解析】B既然“现在正在争辩”，那么这个问题在确定时间内得到解决是“有期望的”。比较四个选项，你会发觉A、C、D在规律上都讲不通，可知答案是B。例14Attimes,worryingisanormal,________responsetoadifficulteventorsituation—alovedonebeinginjuredinanaccident,forexample.A．effectiveB．individualC．inevitableD．unfavorable【解析】C分析题干的语境可知，既然“worrying”是对困难的一种正常反应，那么这种现象的发生就是自然的，也是“不行避开的”。阅读理解。Theinternetwillopenupnewvistas(前景)，createtheglobalvillage—youcanmakenewfriendsallaroundtheworld.That，atleast,iswhatitpromisedus.Thedifficultyisthatitdidnottakethehumanmindintoaccount.Therealityisthatwecannotkeeprelationshipwithmorethanalimitednumberofpeople.Nomatterhowhardtheinternettriestoputyouincommunication,itsbesteffortswillbedefeatedbyyourmind.Theproblemistwofold(双重的)．First,thereisalimitonthenumberofpeoplewecanholdinmindandhaveameaningfulrelationshipwith.Thatnumberisabout150andissetbythesizeofourbrain.Second,thequalityofyourrelationshipsdependsontheamountoftimeyouinvest(投入)inthem.Weinvestalotinasmallnumberofpeopleandthendistributewhat'sleftamongasmanyothersaswecan.Theproblemisthatifweinvestlittletimeinaperson,ourengagementwiththatpersonwilldecline(减弱)untileventuallyitdiesinto“someoneIonceknew”．Thisisnot,ofcourse,tosaythattheinternetdoesn'tserveasociallyvaluablefunction.Ofcourseitdoes.Butthequestionisnotthatitallowsyoutoincreasethesizeofyoursocialcircletoincludetherestoftheworld,butthatyoucankeepyourrelationshipswithyourexistingfriendsgoingeventhoughyouhavetomovetotheothersideoftheworld.Inonesense,that'sagoodthing.Butitalsohasadisadvantage.Ifyoucontinuetoinvestinyouroldfriendseventhoughyoucannolongerseethem,thencertainlyyouaren'tusingyourtimetomakenewfriendswhereyounowlive.AndIsuspectthatprobablyisn'tthebestuseofyourtime.Meaningfulrelationshipsareaboutbeingabletocommunicatewitheachother,facetoface.Theinternetwillslowdowntheratewithwhichrelationshipsend,butitwon'tstopthathappeningeventually.一般认为网络在让人与人沟通方面起到了格外重要的作用。而本文作者对此却持怀疑态度。他认为网络在加强人与人之间的关系方面并没有起到应有的作用。17．Whatisstressedinthefirstparagraph?A．Thepresentsituationoftheinternet.B．Thedifficultyincommunicationontheinternet.C．Thesociallyvaluablefunctionoftheinternet.D．Theroleofthehumanmindintheinternetcommunication.答案：D。主旨大意题。由文章第一段特殊是最终一句“Nomatterhowhardtheinternettr