山西省优生联考2023-2024学年高三上学期1月考试英语试题（原卷版）

第11页/共11页山西省优生联考2023-2024学年上学期1月考试高三英语考生注意：1.本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2.答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。3.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。4.本卷命题范围：高考范围。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatisthewomangoingtodothisafternoon?A.Takeanimportanttest.B.HangoutwithAlex.C.Prepareforanexam.2.Howmuchshouldthemanpay?A.$2.10.B.$2.30.C.$2.90.3.Whatisprobablythewoman?A.Acustomer.B.Ashopassistant.C.Amanager.4.WhatdoesLilythinkofeatingrawfood?A.Harmful.B.Healthy.C.Strange.5.Whydoesthewomanmovetoanewplace?A.Forconvenience.B.Forfriendlyneighbors.C.Foraquietenvironment.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Howmuchdoestheregularmailcost?A.$15.B.$20.C.$24.7.Whatdoesthewomanwanttobuy?A.Apackage.B.Twostamps.C.Someenvelopes.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whowillthemantalkto?A.Mrs.Collins.B.Mr.Hunter.C.MissBrown.9Whenwillthespeakersmeet?A.At11:00am.B.At2:00pm.C.At2:15pm.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatwillthewomanprobablyusethecarfor?A.Goingonlongtrips.B.Pickingupherkid.C.Visitingherhometown.11.Whydoesthemanknowsomuchaboutcars?A.He’sacarsalesman.B.He’sinterestedincars.C.He’saprofessionaldriver.12.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Electriccars.B.Environmentprotection.C.Advantagesofgas-poweredcars.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whathascausedthewomantoquithercurrentjob?A.Thelowsalary.B.Thelongworkinghours.C.Thejob’sdarkfuture.14.Howdidthewomanknowabouttheposition?A.Fromanewspaper.B.FromtheInternet.C.Fromafriend.15.Whatdoesthewomanwanttobe?A.Adirector.B.Afashioneditor.C.Anadvertisingdesigner.16.Howdoesthewomanprobablysound?A.Nervous.B.Annoyed.C.Confident.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17HowmanyAfricancountrieshasDieuveilMalongavisited?A.30.B.38.C.54.18.WhathasDieuveilMalongadone?A.Hehassetupawebsite.B.Hehasofferedcookingcourses.C.HehasplantedmanyAfricanvegetables.19.WheredidDieuveilMalongastarttolearntocook?A.InFrance.B.InGermany.C.InRwanda.20.Whatcanwelearnabouttherestaurant?A.ItisdevotedtotrainingmoreAfricanchefs.B.ItpromotestraditionalAfricancookingmethods.C.Itisnotcheapatalleventohaveanaveragemealthere.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AGenerationsofcreatorshaveimprovedourliveswitheverythingthattouchesoffourimagination.Herearesomeofthebrilliantinventors.EllenSwallowRichards(1842—1911)Afterearningabachelor’sdegreefromVassarCollegein1870,Richardswasacceptedasa“specialstudent”atall-maleMIT,becomingthefirstwomanintheUnitedStatestoattendascienceschool.SheconductedahugesurveyofwaterqualityinMassachusetts,aneffortthatledtothefirststatewater-qualitystandardsinUS.GregorMendel(1822—1884)Inthemid-1800s,heexperimentedwithpeaplantstodeterminehowphysicalfeaturespassfromonegenerationtothenext.Theexperimentsestablishedthebasicrulesneededtocross-breed(杂交繁殖)plantstocreateanewvarietywithdesiredcharacteristics.RayKroc(1902—1984)AsthefounderofMcDonald’srestaurants,KrocchangedthewayAmericanseat.In1954,KrocwassellingindustrialmixersandvisitedtheCaliforniarestaurantoftwoofhisbestcustomers,MauriceandRichardMcDonald.Krocwasimpressedbythemethodsthebrothersusedtomaketheirhamburgers,cheeseburgers,Frenchfries,andmilkshakes.Kroc,anIllinoisnative,talkedtheMcDonaldsintoallowinghimtocreateagroupofdrive-inhamburgerrestaurantsusingtheirmethodsandname.ThefirstofhisrestaurantsopenedinDesPlaines,Illinois,onApril15,1955.JaneJacobs(1916—2006)Jacobswasnotaformallytrainedurbanplanneranddidn’thaveacollegedegree,butherintelligentviewsoncommunityplanningchangedthewayAmericansthoughtaboutcities.Inher1961book,DeathandLifeofGreatAmericanCities,Jacobsadvocatedhuman-friendlyneighborhoodsfeaturingshortcityblocksandmixed-usebuildingsthatencouragedresidentinteraction.Shealsostronglyopposedhigh-risedevelopmentsandexpresswaysthatcutthroughneighborhoods.1.WhatdidGregorMendeldo?A.Hefoundanewfastfoodmakingmethod.B.Hediscoveredthebasiccross-breedinglaws.C.Heestablishedthewater-qualitystandardsinUS.D.Hehelpedtoplanhuman-friendlyneighborhoods.2.WhoisthefounderofMcDonald’srestaurants?A.RayKroc. B.JaneJacobs.C.RichardMcDonald. D.MauriceMcDonald.3.WhendidJaneJacobspublishDeathandLifeofGreatAmericanCities?A.In2006. B.In1984. C.In1961. D.In1916.BFromtheworld’slastseventoaglobalpopulationofmorethan5,000,Chinaspentabout40yearsbringingbackcrestedibises(朱鹮)fromtheedgeofextinction.Withitstypicalredcrestandfaceaswellasalongblackmouthandsnow-whitefeathers,thecrestedibisisknownasthe“OrientalGem”inChina.TheywereoncewidespreadinEastAsiaandSiberiauntilthe20thcenturywhenhunting,ecologicaldamageandincreasedhumanactivitiesdrovethebirdstonearextinction.In1981,theentirespeciesaroundtheworldwasdowntothesevencrestedibiseswhichwerefoundonlyinYangxianCounty,northwestChina’sShaanxiProvince,anddeepintheQinlingMountains,makingQinling,anaturalboundarybetweenChina’snorthandsouth,the“Noah’sArk(诺亚方舟)”ofthewildbirds.Since1981,thelocalgovernmentofYangxianCountyhasputforwardfourbansfortheprotectionofthespecies,prohibitingactivitiesincludinghuntinginthebirds’livingareas,cuttingdowntreeswheretheynest,usingchemicalsintheirfood-findingareas,andfiringgunsintheirbreeding(繁殖)areas.TheChinesegovernmentarrangedspecialfundstoprotectthehabitatofcrestedibises,sealingoff(封闭)mountainstoplanttreesinthebirds’livingareas.Chinastartedtheartificialbreedingofcrestedibisesin1991andhasbredmorethan400birdsinShaanxi.Yearsofconstantefforthavebroughtpromisingresults.Itisestimatedthattherearemorethan5,000crestedibisesintheworld,andabouthalfofthemliveinShaanxi.Thebird’shabitatinChinahasrisenfromlessthanfivesquarekmin1981tothecurrent15,000squarekm.“Itisluckythatthecrestedibis,anancientbird,isstillflyingaround,”saidZanLinsen,headoftheShaanxiAcademyofForestry.“Theconservationstoryofcrestedibisesnotonlyshowsusthepowerofancientlifebutalsothenecessityandurgencyofecologicalenvironmentprotection.”4.WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttheQinlingMountains?A.Theyarewherecrestedibiseswerefirstfound.B.Theyprotectcrestedibisesfromnaturalenemies.C.Theyaretheonlybreedingareaofcrestedibises.D.Theyusedtobethelasthabitatofcrestedibises.5.Whatisparagraph4ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Theeffortsofsavingthespecies.B.Thereasonsforbreedingthespecies.C.Thebiggestthreattocrestedibises.D.Theactivitiestostophuntingthebirds.6.WhatdoesZanLinsenthinkoftheconservation?A.Meaningless. B.Significant. C.Time-consuming. D.Regretful.7Whichcouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.RareAnimalsinChina:CrestedIbisesB.ArtificialBreedingofCrestedIbisesinChinaC.EndangeredCrestedIbisesMakingaComebackD.CrestedIbisesFoundAgainintheQinlingMountainsCClockmakingisatraditionaltechnologywhichinvolvesthebuildingandrepairofclocks.ButitisnowontheredlistdrawnupbytheHeritageCraftsAssociation(HCA),whichhaswarnedmorespecialistsareretiringthanenteringtheprofession.DavidPoole,aformermasteroftheWorshipfulCompanyofClockmakers,said,“Althoughthereusedtobeclockmakersonthestreet,aclockrepairshopisararesighttoday.”Waitinglistswilljustgrow,andpeoplewillfinditextremelydifficulttoidentifyanyonetorepairtheirclocks.Thereareonlyabout250makersandrepairersleftacrossBritain,accordingtoHCA’sresearch.Whenspecialistsareapproachingretirement,theyoftencannotaffordtotakeonapprentices(学徒)ashappenedinthepast.Besides,itisfearedthatthefewtrainingcoursesthathavesurvivedwillnotfillthegap.HowardWalwyn,aleadingdealerinKensington,warnedthat,ifexpertiseinrepairingislost,clockswillbecomelifelessobjectsratherthanlivingthings,adding,“Mostclockmakershavefiddledwithclocksaskids,takingthemapart,andtryingtogetthemtowork.Theproblemisthatyoungkidsnowarespendingalltheirtimeinfrontofscreens.I’vegotsomeyoungerclockmakers,butthey’refewandfarbetween.”“Therearealsoconcernsthattoomanyclockmakersarepreparedtousemodernmechanicalsolutionstomakeaclockwork,evenifthosesolutionsareaesthetically(审美地)wrong,”saidJonathanBetts,anadvisertotheNationalTrust.Headded,“Museumcollectionsandmoresensitiveprivatecollectorswouldmuchrathernothaveaclockcleanedsoitlooksbrandnew,butanawfullotofrestorersrejectthat.“MrPoole,whobecameaclockmakerinthe1990s,said,“Therearefewpeoplecomingintothebusiness.Mostpeoplewhoareinitareedgingtowardsretirement,soamI.Ifpeoplearen’tskilled,allthoselovelythingswon’tbelookedafterproperly.”8.Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribeinparagraph2?A.Clockmakersareingreatneed.B.Theclockmakingindustryisdeclining.C.Clockrepairshopsarecommon.D.Itisrareforpeopletorepairtheirclocks.9.Whatdidthespecialiststraditionallydonearretirement?A.Theycomparedwithapprentices. B.Theytookthetrainingcourse.C.Theycollectedsomeclocks. D.Theyemployedapprentices.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fiddled”inparagraph4probablymean?ABegun. B.Argued. C.Played. D.Broken.11.WhatisJonathanBetts’concern?A.Manyrepairersadoptmodernmethodsinclockmaking.B.Manyrestorersareincapableoffixingmechanicalclocks.C.Privatecollectorsshownointerestintraditionaltechniques.D.Museumsrefusetoincludecleanedclocksintheircollections.DImaginethatafuturisticroofgardenissointelligentthatitknowswhentostorewaterfordroughtconditions,andwhentodumpwatertopreventflooding.NowthesesmartroofsarebecomingarealityintheNetherlands.Withmorethanhalfthecountrylocatedbelowsealevel,theNetherlandshasahistoryofflooding.Nowclimatechangehasbroughtmoresevereweather,heavyrainfall,andevendroughttothearea,forcingthecityofAmsterdamtoconsidernewwaystoprotectitself,andthat’swhereResiliocomesin.Accordingtotheirwebsite,Resiliobuildsblue-greenroofsthroughoutAmsterdam.Togetherwiththelocalgovernment,fromtheyears2018to2022theyfixedspecializedroofsinAmsterdamneighborhoodsthatareinthemostdangerofflooddamage.Theseroofsaremadeofmanylayers.Themostimportantlayeristhewaterretention(保存)layer.Intimeofheavyrainfall,thislayercollectsrainwaterthatwouldotherwisefloodthestreets,whileintimeofdroughtitswaterfeedsthegardenonthetoplayer.Itisthislayerthatdifferentiatestheblue-greenroofsfromtheregulargreenroofs.Astudyshowsthattheblue-greenroofscancaptureupto97%ofextremerain,asopposedtotheabout12%thattheregulargreenroofscancapture.WhatmakesResilioroofssounique,however,aretheirsystems.Multipleblue-greenroofsareconnectedviaadigitalnetwork,meaningtheroofscaneachbecontrolledindividually,respondingtotheamountofwatercollectedonthatparticularroofasneeded.Eachroofalsohasavalve(阀门)thatisconnectedtoacomputersystemcalledtheDecisionSupportSystem(DSS).TheDSSnetworkswithlocalweatherforecaststodecidewhetherthevalveonaparticularroofshouldopen,spillingwatersafelyandslowlyintothesewer(下水道)system,orwhetheritshouldremainclosedandcollectthecomingrain.ThesearetheinnovationsthatmakeResiliotrulyrevolutionary.Blue-greenroofsshowthatthesolutionstothedangersclimatechangebringsneedtobecreativeandmustworkonmanylevels.12.WhatmaydirectlyleadtothebuildingofResilioroofsinAmsterdam?A.Theincreasingdisasters.B.Thecity’sfinancialsuffering.C.Theever-risingsealevel.D.Thecity’sgeographicadvantage.13.WhatdoweknowaboutthewaterretentionlayerofResilioroofs?A.Theyareslowtodrought.B.Theyareabsolutelyperfect.C.Theyserveadoublepurpose.D.Theycantrapsolarenergy.14.WhatisthemainfunctionoftheDSSaccordingtothetext?A.Tocollectweatherinformation. B.Tocontroltheuseofthevalve.C.Tohelpthesewersystemwork. D.Toconnectthedigitalnetwork.15.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeResilioroofs?A.Challenging. B.Complicated. C.Beautiful. D.Smart.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Herearethedon’tsanddo’sofshowingyoursupportforyourfriendswhenthey’rehavingahardtime.____16____.Therearetwoproblematickindsofhelpers;enthusiastsandfretters.Enthusiaststendtopushtheiradvice—toinsistonfixingorovercomingtheproblem.Frettersaresoworriedabouttheirfriend’schallengesthattheyareconstantlyconcernedaboutwhethertheyaredoingenoughtohelp.Trytokeepthosebehaviorsincheck.Nooneshouldhavetomanageyouwhenthey’regoingthroughatragedy.Don’tminimizethepainandstayawayfromstatistics.Forexample,ifafriendfailedthecollegeexam,don’ttellhimthat70%ofstudentsendinfailure.Rememberthatitdoesn’tmeanlesspainjustbecauseithappenstoalotofpeople.____17____.Keepthefocusonyourfriends.Whenyourfriendsaretalkingtoyou,it’seasyforyoutoshareasimilarstoryinanefforttorelateandconnect.Butit’snotalwayswelcome.Theymightfeelthatyou’vemadetheirpainaboutyou.____18____,letthemknowthatyouwentthroughsomethingsimilarbutallowthemtodecideiftheywanttohearaboutitatthemoment.Showingupisn’taone-timething.Rememberthatgrief(悲伤)issocomplexandyourfriendsmightgothroughseveralstagesofsorrow.____19____.Itmeansalotifyourfriendsknowthatyouarethinkingaboutthemallthetime.Askyourfriendshowyoucanbesthelp.____20____.Justask!A.Don’tletthemstayaloneB.Trynottobeover-enthusisaticorover-worriedC.KeepintouchwiththemandseeiftheyneedyoursupportD.IfyoudofeelthatyourexperiencemightbehelpfultothemE.Youdon’tneedtoautomaticallyknowwhatkindofhelptheywantF.Instead,feelwithyourfriendthebignessofwhatthey’regoingthroughG.Whenthereisn’taperfectresponsethatisgoingtomakepeoplefeelbetter第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Alohaisperhapsoneofthemostrecognizedwordsintheworld.Many____21____useittobrandtheirgoodsandservices.ButthereismoretoitinHawaii.It’sthespiritto____22____oneanotherallthetime,notonlywhena(n)____23____strikes.Anditwasthe____24____spiritofalohathathasbroughtwarmthandstrengthtothosewhohave____25____thedeadliestwildfireinmodernUShistorythatsweptacrossthehistoriccityofLahainajustaweekago.AricaLynnSouza,whose____26____wasburnedtothegroundonAugust8,describesalohaasbeingtherewhensomethinghappensandwhensomeone____27____help.ShethinksthatitisthespiritofalohathatmakesLahainaso____28____.“I____29____withmytwobabiesandaverysmallbagTheonlyreasonwhywe’reabletohaveclothesonourbacksandeverythingelseisduetothiskindofalohafeelingwithinourcommunityandwitheachother.”KalikoKaauamoisaHawaiian-languageexpertandcurriculumdesigner.Whenaskedwhatalohalookslike,shequicklypaintsa____30____picture,“Alohaistheguywhosehomewasburneddown,whohasnoclothes,findshisslippers,putsthemonand____31____findssomeoneelsetohelpwithoutexpectinganything____32____.It’saphilosophy.It’sanappreciation.It’sa____33____lovethatwearebornandraisedwith.”Duringadisaster,communitymembersusually____34____tohelpeachother.Butitisthe____35____emotionalattachmentsetsHawaiiapartfromtherestoftheworld.21.A.children B.businesses C.speakers D.families22.A.treat B.greet C.praise D.help23.A.disaster B.phenomenon C.idea D.incident24.A.terrible B.tasty C.traditional D.expensive25.A.started B.survived C.missed D.recorded26.A.forest B.shop C.home D.school27.A.needs B.accepts C.ignores D.dislikes28.A.cold B.comfortable C.reasonable D.special29.A.escaped B.dropped C.argued D.separated30.A.vivid B.bright C.funny D.sad31.A.carelessly B.immediately C.unnecessarily D.hardly32.A.inperson B.inadvance C.inreturn D.inruins33.A.romantic B.realistic C.conditional D.selfless34.A.turn B.tend C.refuse D.pretend35.A.constant B.unhealthy C.understandable D.sudden第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。NextTuesday,September19,isInternationalTalkLikeaPirate(海盗)Day.It____36____(create)byJohnBaurandMarkSummers.Theyhad____37____ideawhenoneofthemfelldownduringaracquetballgameandshouted,“Arrr!”.In2002,DaveBarry,thehumorcolumnist,publicizedthesound____38____itsooncaughtonacrossthecountry.Somepeoplehavewonderedinrecentyears,“Howtruedoesthisfunnynoisesoundlikethepiratespeech?”“It’sfarfromtrue,“saysMollyBabel,ProfessorofArtsandLinguisticsattheUniversityofBritishColumbia.“Buttherearesome____39____(point)thatcarrythrough.”According____40____ProfessorBabel,manyoriginalpiratescamefromsouthwestEngland,____41____“arrr!”wasakindofexpressionlikethe“eh?”ofCanadians.Asmorepiratesjoinedfromallovertheworld,PirateEnglish,____42____(base)ontheWestCountry,becameakindofcommonlanguageforpirates.ProfessorBabel____43____(believe)thatmuchofourideaofhowpiratesspokedatedbacktothe1950DisneyfilmofTreasureIsland.RobertNewton,aBritishactorfromtheWestCountry,playedLongJohnSilver,withhistheatricalWestCountryaccent.Hewasalsoinvited____44____(play)LongJohnSilverinotherfilms.“Thepiratetalkisstillusedandcelebratedbecauseit’sexpressive,engaging,and____45____(color),”explainsProfessorBabel.第三部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.假定你是英语俱乐部主席李华，该俱乐部将举办一次以“MyFavouriteChineseFestival”为主题的英语演讲比赛。请你用英语写一则通知，内容包括：1.比赛的时间、地点；2.比赛的要求；3.呼吁同学们积极参加。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Notice______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TheEnglishClub第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。“Mary!ComeandseewhatIhavebroughthome!”Myfatheropenedthedoorandshoutedcheerfully.“Isitadog?”IaskedwhenIsawhimhuggingahugecreatureinhisarms.Myfathernoddedandputthedogonthefloor.Whenitrantowardme,Ipressedmyhandstightlyove