03-选择性必修第四册Unit-3基础练习(人教版2019)

2023年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(人教版2019)选择性必修第四册Unit3基础知识强化练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探测器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—__________(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.2.Themedian(中位数的)ageofanAmericanin1950was30—todayitis41andisexpected__________(increase)to42by2050.

3.Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis__________(extreme)challenging.4.However,greaterattentionshould__________(place)onlongevity.

5.Weare__________(commit)toimprovingservicesnow.6.Afteraheateddiscussion,theyfailedtoarriveata__________(conclude).7.Shehadmade__________(remark)progressinherwritingskills.8.It’svitalthatwe__________(carry)outtheoperationimmediately.

9.Withnosolidevidence,herefusedtoacknowledge__________(steal)thelady’spurse.Ⅱ.语法填空1.Hereisthehouse,__________roofiscoveredwithweeds.Ihopeyoucanhelptoremovethem.2.Whatyousaidisn’trelevant__________whatweareworriedabout.Atthemoment,wearedyingtoknowhowtodealwiththesituation.3.Onthenextstreetliesaclinic,wherethereisadoctorwhooftenhelpsthose__________need.4.Itisup__________youtodecidewhetherweshouldaccepthissuggestion__________thebuildingberebuiltimmediately.5.Iamlookingforward__________hearingfromyou.Inyournextletter,pleaseintroduce__________mehowtousethetextbookproperly.6.Ifyouwanttoknowmoreinformation,clickhere.Weareamultimediaplatform__________youcanlearntooperatecomputers.7.Scientistshopetosendastronautstotheremoteuniverseonedaytohave__________betterknowledgeoftheuniverse.8.Weweretalkingabouttheloan__________Tomenteredtheroom.Hesaidhecame__________anoldfriendjustnowonthestreet.III.语法填空HowNetflixBecameSoPopularWe’veallheardthephrase“Netflixandchill”,whichmeans“watchNetflixandhangout”.Whynot“AmazonPrimeandchill?”Therearemanyotherwebsitesandapps1.(allow)peopletowatchTVshowsandmovies.SimilarlytoNetflix,manystreamingservicesofferoriginalprogramsandmovies.SowhatmadeNetflixhavetheimpactithas2.society?

Inthepastfewyears,Netflix3.(grow)exponentiallyinpopularity,leavingotherstreamingservicesandregulartelevisioninthedust.Netflixwascreatedin1997,4.(original)asawaytosendrentalDVDstopeople.In2007,Netflixbeganofferingstreamingtelevisionshowsandmoviesonline.Butitwasn’tuntil2013thatNetflixbeganofferingoriginalprogramming,enablingviewerstowatch5.wholeseasonofTVallatonce.

ViewersaresatisfiedwithNetflix’smanydifferentoptionsforTVshows.Oneofthe6.(big)appealsofNetflixwas7.itwouldreleaseallseasonsofanyoldTVshows,somethingthatAmazonPrimewouldn’tdo.Inaddition,Netflixreleasesmonthlystatementsaboutwhichseriesandmovies8.(remove)fromtheservice.Butothersitescanremovefullserieswithoutanynotice.

Whileotherservicesmighthavetheir9.(succeed),NetflixseemslikelytocontinueitsreignovertheTVworldand10.(become)morepopularthanregularTVinthenextfewyears.Netflixhasdiscoveredwhatpeopleliketowatchandhowtheyliketowatchit,andiftheykeeponthispath,televisionmightbeathingofthepast.

IV.阅读理解AScientistsspentthepast10yearsstudyinglifeintheoceans.Thismonth,theyreleasedtheresultsoftheirwork.Peopleoftensaythatthereareplentyoffishinthesea.Butuntilrecently,notevenscientistsknewhowmanycreatureslivedintheworld’soceans.Tenyearsago,agroupofscientistsdecidedtofinditout.“Weannouncedthatwewouldtrytoconductthefirst-everworldwidecensusofmarinelife,”theproject’sco-founder,JesseAusubel,toldTFK.“Itwasdaring,andpeopleresponded.”Overthenext10years,morethan2,700scientistsfrom80countriesworkedtogethertotrack,countandstudyseaspecies.Inareportthismonth,theysharedwhattheylearned.DecadesofDiscoveryScientistsbeganbyexploringtheseas.Alongtheway,theydiscoveredmanynewspecies.“Wefoundlifeeverywherewelooked,”sayscensusscientistsPatriciaMiloslavich.“Wehavegiven1,200newnamestoscience.”OnenamebelongstoatypeoffurrywhitecrabthatspendsitslifeatthebottomofthePacificOcean.Theunusualcreaturelivesinaworldoftotaldarkness.Anothernewspecies,anine-poundlobster,wasfoundintheIndianOcean,nearAfrica.“Itissurprisingthatananimalofthatsizewouldremaintobediscovered.”saysAusubel.Scientistsalsodidresearchonland.Theyreadthrougholdrecords,includingscientificpapers,books,seafood—restaurantmenusandfishermen’sjournals.Theirgoal:tofindoutwhichseacreatureslivedwhereinthepast.SnapshotoftheseaAftertenyearsofinvestigation,scientistsfoundthattheoceansareteemingwithlife.Theycounted250,000marinespecies.Theyhaveanestimateofhowmanymorespeciesarewaitingtobefound:awhopping750,000.“Mostofthesewillbesmall,”saysAusubel,“Therewon’tbeanymoregiantlobsters.”Theresearcherslearnedwhichunderwaterareashavethemostspecies.TheseasaroundAustraliaandJapanhaveasmanyas33,000formsoflife.(Theaveragemarineareahasabout10,000species.)These“hotspots”forbiodiversityneedspecialattentionandprotection,saysMiloslavich.Theaccuratepictureofoceanlifewillhelpscientistsnoticechanges.“Thingswillbedifferentin10,20,30years,”saysAusubel.“Knowingwhat’stherenowwillbehelpful.”Thecensusgivesusabetterunderstandingofthechallengesfacingouroceans.Manyoftheproblems,includingoverfishing,habitatdestructionandpollution,stemfrom(起源于)humanbehaviour.Environmentalistsareworkingtosetupprotectedareasinthesea,muchliketheparksthatconserve12%ofourland.“Weneedtoshowconcernfortheocean,”saysMiloslavich.1.Whydidthescientistsreadthrougholdrecords,includingscientificpapers,books,seafood—restaurantmenusandfishermen’sjournals?A.Togetmoreknowledgeabouttheseacreature’sout-looking.B.Toknowthelocationoftheseacreatureinthepast.C.Tofindoutwhichplacehasthemostseaspecies.D.Tofindoutwhichseacreaturewasalmostpopular.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“whopping”mean?A.Blurry(模糊的).B.Uncertain.C.Total. D.Enormous.3.WhichofthefollowingsayingsisRight?A.Thereareplentyofnewspecieswaitingforustofind.B.TheseasaroundAustraliaandJapanhavetheleastspecies.C.Scientistswantedtogetnewfoodresourcesbydoingthisresearch.D.Thesescientistsonlydidresearchunderthesea.BItmaynotbequiteoldenoughtobetheworld’soldestlivingorganism—that“honor”goestothebristleconepinetree(aged5,000years)—but,at4,000yearsofage,Leiopathesglaberrima,adeep-watercoralspecies,doessettherecordforbeingtheoldestanimallivingunderthesea.LocatedonthefloorofthePacificOcean,offHawaii,the3meterstall,(extremely)long-lived“blackcoral”couldhavesomevaluablecluesaboutpastincidentsofclimatechange;specifically,itcouldbetterscientists’understandingofhowoceansdrawdowncarbondioxide—andofoceanacidificationingeneral.BrendanRoarkofTexasUniversity,wholedaresearchexpeditionin2006tostudythecorals’climaterecords,presentedhisfindingsattherecentAAASmeeting.Howlongtheycanliveisanybody’sguess,RoarktoldScience’sErikStokstadandhiscolleaguesusedradiocarbondatingtodeterminethecoral’sage.Whatthissuggests,hesaid,isthattheharvestingofdeep-watercoralforjewelryshouldbecompletelybanned;becausethecoralsgrowatsuchananemic(贫血的)rate,anylevelofharvestingwouldlikelywipeouttheremainingspecimens—thosenotyetaffectedbyoceanacidification.Roarkbelievesitcouldbepossibletoreconstructrecordsofsubsurfacetemperaturevariabilityandoceancirculationchanges,whichwouldprovidesomeinsightonclimatechangeincidentsandhelppredictfutureeffects.Bycomparison,thatoceanquahogclamwementionedawhileback—aged405years—seemsalmostsprightly.4.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Theworld’soldestlivingorganism.B.Oldestanimalunderthesea.C.Howtoprotectthecorals.D.Agreatdiscovery.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“clues”inthesecondparagraphmean?A.Evidence. B.Treasure.C.Worth. D.Usage.6.WhatisthevalueofthefindingoftheLeiopathesglaberrima?A.Itshowswhichistheoldestintheocean.B.Ithelpsthescientistsgetmoreinformationabouttheocean.C.Itshowswhytheweatherchangessomuch.D.Ithelpsthescientistsknowhowtolivelonger.7.Whyshouldtheharvestingofdeep-watercoralforjewelrybecompletelybanned?A.Becausethejewelryhaslittlevalue.B.Becausethejewelryishardtoharvest.C.Becauseharvestingforthejewelrydoesgreatharmtodeep-watercoral.D.Becauseitisverydangerous.V.七选五ScientistsCreateSpeechfromBrainSignalsScientistshavefoundawaytousebrainsignalstomakeacomputerspeakthewordsapersonistryingtosay.Someillnessesorinjuriescancausepeopletolosetheabilitytospeak.1,buttheyareslow.Onemethodallowsapersonto“type”bymovingtheireyesfromlettertolettertospelloutwords.Thetopspeedwiththismethodisabout10wordsperminute.Normalhumanspeechisabout150wordsperminute.

Muchrecentresearchhasfocusedonadirectconnectionbetweensomeone’sbrainandacomputer.2.FormanyBCIs,peoplehavewiresattachedtotheirbrains.Thisallowsscientiststotracktheelectricalsignalsinthebrainandconnectthemtocomputers.

ScientistsattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco(UCSF)decidedtofocusonthemusclespeopleweretryingtousewhentheyspoke.3.Epilepsy(癫痫)isaconditionwhereunusualelectricalactivityinthebraincancauseproblemswithaperson’scontroloftheirbodyorsenses.

Thereareabout100musclesusedforspeaking.Thescientistsknewroughlywhattheshapeofthemouthwouldhavetobetomakeeachsound.Thisallowedthemtofigureouthowthebrainsignalscontrolledthespeakingmuscles.Withthatinformationtheycould“decode”thebrainsignalstofindouthowthepersonwasmovingtheirmouth.4.Thescientistsweresurprisedathowclosetorealspeechthecomputerspeechwas.

5,themusclesusedtomakeeachsoundarethesameforeveryone.Thatwillmakeiteasierforasystemlikethistohelpmanypeople.

A.ThesepeoplecouldspeaknormallyB.Thisiscalleda“BrainComputerInterface”(BCI)C.TherearesomewaysforthesepeopletocommunicateD.TheUCSF’sscientistsworkedwithagroupoffivepeoplewithepilepsyE.There’smuchtolearnbeforeasystemlikethiscouldbeusedineverydaylifeF.Oneimportantdiscoveryisthatthougheachperson’sbrainsignalsaredifferentG.ThenthescientistswereabletocreatecomputerspeechsoundsbasedonthepositionofthespeakingmusclesVI.应用文写作红旗社区针对本社区居民垃圾分类情况,计划于下周举行一次关于垃圾分类的讲座,请你代表社区写一封公开信,内容包括:1.垃圾分类的好处;2.讲座具体时间和地点;3.邀请居民参加。注意:1.词数80个左右;2.开头和结尾已经给出,不计入总词数;3.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。参考词汇:垃圾分类garbageclassificationDearsirormadam,I’mwritingthislettertocallonattentiontothecommunitylectureconcerninggarbageclassification.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,HongqiCommunity参考答案Ⅰ.1.TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探测器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—touched(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.2.Themedian(中位数的)ageofanAmericanin1950was30—todayitis41andisexpectedtoincrease(increase)to42by2050.

3.Landingonthemoon’sfarsideisextremely(extreme)challenging.4.However,greaterattentionshouldbeplaced(place)onlongevity.

5.Wearecommitted(commit)toimprovingservicesnow.6.Afteraheateddiscussion,theyfailedtoarriveataconclusion(conclude).7.Shehadmaderemarkable(remark)progressinherwritingskills.8.It’svitalthatwe(should)carry(carry)outtheoperationimmediately.

9.Withnosolidevidence,herefusedtoacknowledgestealing(steal)thelady’spurse.Ⅱ.1.Hereisthehouse,whoseroofiscoveredwithweeds.Ihopeyoucanhelptoremovethem.2.Whatyousaidisn’trelevanttowhatweareworriedabout.Atthemoment,wearedyingtoknowhowtodealwiththesituation.3.Onthenextstreetliesaclinic,wherethereisadoctorwhooftenhelpsthoseinneed.4.Itisuptoyoutodecidewhetherweshouldaccepthissuggestionthatthebuildingberebuiltimmediately.5.Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.Inyournextletter,pleaseintroducetomehowtousethetextbookproperly.6.Ifyouwanttoknowmoreinformation,clickhere.Weareamultimediaplatformwhereyoucanlearntooperatecomputers.7.Scientistshopetosendastronautstotheremoteuniverseonedaytohaveabetterknowledgeoftheuniverse.8.WeweretalkingabouttheloanwhenTomenteredtheroom.Hesaidhecameacrossanoldfriendjustnowonthestreet.III.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了Netflix变得如此受欢迎的原因是它可以发布任何电视剧的所有季,让观看者一次性看完;它们了解观众喜欢看什么和用什么方式看。1.【解析】allowing。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,逻辑主语websitesandapps和allow之间是主动关系,应用现在分词,故填allowing。2.【解析】on。考查固定短语。句意:那么是什么使Netflix对社会产生了影响呢?分析句子可知,ithassociety是定语从句,修饰theimpact,havetheimpacton“对……有影响”,是固定短语,故填on。

3.【解析】hasgrown。考查时态。分析句子可知,此处是句子谓语动词,由Inthepastfewyears判断为现在完成时,主语Netflix是第三人称单数,故填hasgrown。4.【解析】originally。考查副词。此处应用副词修饰后面的介词短语,故填originally。5.【解析】a。考查冠词。season是可数名词,结合上下文可知,此处意为“一整季的电视节目”,是泛指,应用不定冠词,whole是辅音音素开头,故填a。6.【解析】biggest。考查形容词的最高级。由空格前的定冠词the可知此处应当用形容词的最高级形式。7.【解析】that。考查表语从句。分析句子可知,此处是表语从句连接词,从句itwouldreleaseallseasonsofanyoldTVshows的成分和意义都完整,应用连接词that,故填that。8.【解析】areremoved。考查时态和语态。分析句子可知,此处是定语从句的谓语动词,主语seriesandmovies和remove之间是被动关系,且是复数,由上文的releases判断此处为一般现在时,故填areremoved。9.【解析】success。考查名词。分析句子可知,此处应用名词作为have的宾语,“成功”不可数,故填success。10.【解析】tobecome。考查固定短语。此处考查固定短语belikelytodosth.“很有可能做某事”,故填tobecome。IV.A【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲了科学家从十年前就开始研究海洋生物种类,并介绍了研究的内容和基本过程。1.【解析】选B。细节理解题。由“DecadesofDiscovery”中的最后一句可知,科学家这样做的目的在于发现过去海洋生物的分布情况。其余说法在文中均无信息支持。2.【解析】选D。词义猜测题。750000是一个庞大的数字,其他选项与语境不符,故选D。3.【解析】选A。推理判断题。由“Theyhaveanestimateofhowmanymorespeciesarewaitingtobefound:awhopping750,000”,可知据估计,还有约750000种新的海洋生物等待发现,由此可推知,尚未发现的海洋生物数量庞大。B项应改为“最多的”;C项说法无依据;D项说法错误,科学家还在陆地上进行研究。B【文章大意】本文是说明文,介绍了海洋寿星——Leiopathesglaberrima.这一深海珊瑚礁在水下已经待了4000多年,研究它对我们研究海洋意义很大。科学家也提出了保护海洋珊瑚的建议。4.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。全文介绍了海洋的寿星,因此B项最合适。5.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第二段可知,Leiopathesglaberrima的发现对研究海洋提供有力的线索与证据。6.【解析】选B。推理判断题。第二段讲述了发现Leiopathesglaberrima的意义,因此可以得出答案为B。7.【解析】选C。推理判断题。从第三段中的“becausethecoralsgrowatsuchananemic