中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷11

中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷11

一、词汇（本题共30题，每题7.0分，共30分。）

1、Davidlikescountrylifeandhasdecidedtofanning.

A^goinfor

B、gobackon

C、gothroughwith

D^goalongwith

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题旨在测试考生对短语动词的掌握程度。g。infbr”从事（某种职业

或活动）”,适于本题,例如：［thoughtofgoinginforteaching.（我想去当老师。）go

backon”背叛，违背“，gothroughwith"把……进行到底“，goalongwith”陪伴,赞

同”均不适于本题。

2、Thewealthofacountryshouldbemeasuredthehealthandhappinessofits

peopleaswellasthematerialgoodsitcanproduce.

A、inlinewith

B、intermsof

C^inregardto

D、incaseof

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题意为“衡量一个国家的财富，既要根据一个国家生产的物质又要

根据该国人民的健康和幸福intermsof的意思是“根据，按照“；inlinewith的意

思是“跟...一致，符合“；inregardlo的意思是“关于"；incaseof的意思是“假

使……，万一……

3、Thesoundofthedoorbellstartledherandsheknockedtheashtrayontothe

floor.

A^detrimentally

BNspontaneously

C>inadvertently

D^strenuously

标准答案；C

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、Thispolicygavetoprivatepropertyandledtodifferencesbetweentherich

andthepoor.

A、life

B>birth

C^way

D^death

标准答案：C

知识点解析：givebirth2产生;givewayto让步,承认。

5、Profitablefor35years,Secomhasa60%shareofthedomesticmarketandis

also,expandingabroad.

A、consecutive

B、periodic

C、chronological

D、consequent

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

6、MrChencomplainedabouttheair-conditionerheboughtfromthecompany.

A、inefficient

B、defective

Cxineffective

D、deficient

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

7、Thereisahighjobmobilityamongyoungpeopleastheywillworkoneday

andfindanewjobthenext.

A、depart

reject

C、quit

D、leave

标准答案：C

知识点解析：depart离开，启程。reject拒绝，丢弃。quit放弃，中断。leave离

开，剩下。

8、.explorerscouldneverhavefoundthecave.

A、Butforthefissurehadbeenspotted

B、Ifnotthefissurehadbeenspotted

C^Hadthefissurenotbeenspotted

D、Hadnotthefissurebeenspotted

标准答案：D

知识点解析•：考查的知一只点是虚拟语气。句意是：要不是认出了山洞的裂缝，探险

者们就不可能找到那个山洞。正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if省

去，而将were,had,should等助动词（不包括行为动词）提到主语前面。如果句中

没有were,had或should时，既不能省略if,也不能倒装。因此正确答案是D选

项。

9、Althoughthereareseveralvariationsontheexactformatthatworksheetscantake,

theyareallsimilarintheiraspects.

A、potential

social

C、essential

D、partial

标准答案：C

知识点解析：句子中的allhough告诉我们，句子的大意是“虽然工作单的具体形式

会有些差异，但他们在基本方面还是相似的“，因此选essential,意思是themost

basicpart,quality,orfeatureofsomething,即“最基本的部分、特征或特点

potential表示“潜在的social表示“社会的，社交的”；这两词均与题意无关。

partial意为“部分的”，放在原句中不符合常见表达习惯，而若表达此意义，一般用

theyareallsimilarinsomeaspects<,

10、Nowthepublichasanunprecedentedchancetopeerovertheshouldersof

archaeologistsandhistoriansandgetafirsthandlookattheoftheMongolsand

theirAsianpredecessors.

A、legacy

B、bequest

C、converse

D、miracle

标准答案：A

知识点解析：legacy遗产（祖先、前人或过去传下来的某种东西）；bequest遗产，遗

赠;converse相反的事物；miracle奇迹。

11、PeopleofallcountriesareexpectedtotheprinciplesoftheUnitedNations

anddefendthepeaceintheworld.

A、inspect

B、expedited

C、uphold

D^reinstall

标准答案：C

知识点解析：inspect检查。expedite加I速,派出。uphold支持,赞成。reinstall重

新设置。

12、Wasittheprofessorregardedwithsuchcontempt?

A、themwho

B、themwhom

CNhewho

D、those

标准答案：D

知识点解析：这里强调宾语。当宾语是代词them,要改用those。译文：那几个是

不是就是被教授很瞧不起的人？

13、Theeconomicrecessionhasmeantthatjobisararething.

A、security

B>safety

C、protection

D^secureness

标准答案：A

知识点解析：securily安全，保障。safety安全，保险。proleclion保护，照顾。

secure的名词形式为security,没有secureness这种形式。

14、Ifsomebodyis,heisgivenamedalorotherhonorasanofficialrewardfor

whathehasdone.

A、confirmed

B、decorated

C、appreciated

D、nominated

标准答案：B

知识点解析：decorale授予，恰好符合此句的意思。confirm证实，确定；

appreciate感激；nominate提名，任命。

15、Contrarytopopularopinion,batsarcnotgenerallyaggressiveandrabid;mostarc

shyand

A、disfigured

B、punctual

C>depraved

D、harmless

标准答案：D

知识点解析：（harmless无害的）。句意为：与大众的意见相反，蝙蝠一般不会挑衅

和狂怒；大多数很胆怯而又无害。

16>Iwasinmyreading,anddidn'tatfirsthearthedoorbellring.

A、immured

B、immersed

C^busy

D、infatuated

标准答案：B

知识点解析：A.immured监禁,禁闭。B.immersed沉浸,使陷入。beimmersed

in专心于，沉浸于。C.busy忙碌。bebusydoing忙于做某事。D.infatuated昏头

昏脑的，使入迷。

17、Oneofthewrongnotionsaboutscienceisthatmanyscientificdiscoverieshave

comeabout.

A^accordingly

BNaccidentally

C、artificially

D、additionally

标准答案：B

知识点解析：各项的意思是：accordingly"相应地；因此，所以，于是”；

accidentally”意外地，偶然地”；artificially“人造地；造作地，虚假地”；

additionally”另外地，附加地”。根据题意，B为正确答案。

18、Thesoundoftheroaringofatigerisheardbyjungledwellers

feelingsofunease,forayeardoesnotelapsewithoutvictimsfallingtothetiger's

ferocity.

A、always...with

B、ever...without

C^ever...with

D、never...without

标潜答案：D

知识点解析：双重否定，表肯定。

19、Hisalibiwasfishy,yettoclosescrutiny.

A、stoodstill

B、withstood

C、stoodup

D、stoodoff

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

20Ifyouwouldliketosendadonation,youcanachequetotheFood

OrganizationofChildren.

A、makeup

B、makefor

C^makeout

D、makeoff

标准答案：C

知识点解析：各项的意志是：makeup"编造，偿还"；makefor”冲向，向...猛

扑,有利于，致使"；makeout"填写（表格），开出（文票、账单），辨认出”;make

ofF匆匆逃掉”。

21>TheChristmastreewasdecoratedwithshiningsuchascoloredlightsand

glassballs.

A、ornaments

B>luxuries

C^exhibits

D^complements

标准答案：A

知识点解析：ornament装饰品，为…增光的人：luxury奢侈，豪华；exhibit展品；

complement（to）补足物，补语。句意:圣诞树上装点着类似彩灯和玻璃球一样的闪

光的装饰品。

22>Whenthenewsofhiswiththeenemybecameknown,hewashangedin

effigy.

A、involement

conversations

C、collusion

D、complacency

标准答案：C

知识点解析：（collusion共谋，勾结）。句意为：他与敌人勾结的消息尽人皆知，他

的模拟像被处以绞刑。A.involvement牵连;B.conversations谈话;

D.complacency自满。

23、Hiswastellinghimthatsomethingwaswrong.

A、sentiment

B、inspiration

C、hypothesis

D、intuition

标准答案：D

知识点解析：intuition直觉;sentiment感情,情绪；inspiration灵感，启发，鼓

舞；hypothesis假设，假说。句意：他的直觉告诉他，在么地方出错了。

24Sheisaverystudent.She'salwaystalkingabouttravelingtoouterspace.

ANimaginary

B、imaginative

C^imaginable

D、imagining

标准答案：B

知识点解析：imaginative有想像力的；imaginary想像出来的，虚构的（实际并不存

在的）；knaginablc可以想像出的，多放在由形容词最高级修饰的名词后面；

imagining（imagine的现在分同）想像。句意：她是个想象力丰富的学生，总是谈论

到外太空旅行。

25、Sheforawhileandwasunabletomakeadecision,sosheaskedformy

help.

A、flickered

B>glittered

C^faltered

D、blinked

标准答案：C

知识点解析：C项“falter支吾，摇摆”符合题意，如：Hefalteredoutafewwords.

（他支吾地说出了儿个字。）其他三项“A项flicker闪动，闪烁；B项glitter闪烁，闪

光；D项blink眨眼”都不正确。本题的意思是她踌躇了一会儿还是不能下决心。因

此C项为正确答案。

26、Iheyconcededthatherstatementwastrue.

A、proved

doubled

C、denied

D、admitted

标准答案：D

知识点解析：admit“允许承认”，与划线词concede的意思相近。

27、animalsmustbekeptincagesincasetheymighthurtthetourists.

A、Land

B、Domestic

C、Vicious

D^Farm

标准答案：C

知识点解析：vicious凶恶的；不道德的，堕落的；land陆地,国土;domestic家庭

的：国内的；驯服的；farm农场，农田。

28、Themorepeoplehearhisdementedrants,themoretheyseethatheisa

terrorist

A^whoispureandsimple

B、beingpureandsimple

C、pureandsimple

D^aspureandsimple

标准答案：C

知识点解析：句子大意为：人们越听他的疯狂演说，越发现他是一个纯粹的恐怖主

义者。本题考查形容词作后置定语的用法。pureandsimple可以直接做telxorist的

后置定语，这种表达简洁无误。所以，正确答案是C。

29、Allsortsoftechnologyhavetomakethenewmedicalsystemsappliedin

ruralareasefficientandeffective.

A、comeintoplay

B、conicintoconflict

C、takenaction

D、takenplace

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题答案是A。A项comeintoplay意为“开始起作用”。其他三项词

义：comeintoconflict意为“相矛盾;相冲突”；takenaction意为”采取行动;提出诉

讼”；takenplace意为“发生；举行“。

30、Attheageof40,hehadalreadyagreatfortunethroughsuccessfulfinancial

dealings.

A、pierced

B、assessed

C、amassed

D、agitated

标准答案：C

知识点解析：在给出的选项中：pierced”洞悉，穿透”；assessed“评估”；amassed“积

聚,积累“；agitated”焦虑，鼓动”。根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是

Co

二、阅读理解(本题共136题，每题1.0分，共136

分。)

Whilestillcatching-uptomeninsomespheresofmodernlife,womenappeartobeway

aheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory.Womenareparticularlysusceptibleto

developingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedto

men,accordingtoDr.Yehuda,chiefpsychiatristatNewYork'sVeteran'sAdministration

Hospital.Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehow

affectsthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetrigger

chemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.Inseveralofthestudies,when

stressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries(thefemalereproductiveorgans)removedjheir

chemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.Addingtoawoman'sincreased

doseofstresschemicalsareherincreased"opportunities"forstress."It'snotnecessarily

thatwomendon'tcopeaswell.It'sjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith,"says

Dr.Yehuda."Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen's,"she

observes,"it'sjustthatthey'redealingwithsomanymorethingsthattheybecomeworn

outfromitmorevisiblyandsooner."Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthe

sexes."Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofa

chronicorrepeatednature.Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.Menare

exposedtomoreactsofrandomphysicalviolence.Thekindsofinterpersonalviolence

thatwomenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations.by.unfortunately.parentsor

otherfamilynumbers,andtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tearthat

comesfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating."AdelineAlvarezmarried

at18andgavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedtofinishcollege."Istruggledalottoget

thecollegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescape,togoto

school,andgetaheadanddobetter.HLater,hermarriageendedandshebecameasingle

mother.It'sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenagenhaveajob,paytherent,paythecar

paymcnt,andpaythedebt.Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.Noteveryoneexperiences

thekindsofseverechronicstressesAlvarezdescribes.Butmostwomentodayarecoping

withalotofobligations,v/ithfewbreaks,andfeelingthestrain.Alvarez'sexperience

demonstratestheimportanceoffindingwaystodiffusestressbeforeitthreatensyour

healthandyourabilitytofunction.

31WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文中第一段中的一句，“Womenareparticularlysusceptibleto

developingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen.”，

实际上就是前两段的主旨句。'"vulnerable”与“susceptible”同义。故正确答案为A。

32^Dr.Yehuda'sresearchsuggeststhatwomen.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：Dr.Yehuda研究指出“It'sjustthatthey(women)havesomuchmoreto

copewith,"，可见D选项是正确的。A选项没提到，B、C选项与她的研究结果相

悖。故正确答案为D。

33、AccordingtoParagraph4,thestresswomenconfronttendstobe.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第四段第一句中，“Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenare

exposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.”说明了女性所承受压力

是“chronicorrepeated","durableandfrequent”与它意思接近。故正确答案为Co

34、Thesentence"Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck."(Une6,Para.5)shows

that.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：Alvarez在说“Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck”之前，表达了自己的

压力包括“…paytherent,paythecarpayment,andpaythedebt.因此根据上下

文可知，“Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck”表达是工资“入不敷出”。故正确答案为

Bo

35、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：全文讲解的是人所面临的压力，而且性别不同。所承受的压力也会不

同。并且着重阐述女性承受了比男性更多的压力。故正确答案为D。

Therearefourbasictypesofcompetitioninbusinessthatformacontinuumfrompure

competitionthroughmonopolisticcompetitionandoligopoly(商品供应垄断)to

monopoly.Atoneendofthecontinuum,purecompetitionresultswheneverycompany

hasasimilarproduct.Companiesthatdealincommoditiessuchaswheatorcornarc

ofteninvolvedinpurecompetition.Inpurecompetition,itisoftentheeaseandefficiency

ofdistributionthatinfluencespurchase.Incontrast,inmonopolisticcompetitionseveral

companiesmaycompeteforthesaleofitemsthatmaybesubstituted.Theclassic

exampleofmonopolisticcompetitioniscoffeeandtea.Ifthepriceofoneisperceivedas

toohigh,consumersmaybegintopurchasetheother.Couponsandotherdiscounts（折

扣）areoftenusedaspartofamarketingstrategytoinfluencesales.Oligopolyoccurs

whenafewcompaniesdominatethesalesofaproductorservice.Forexample,onlyfive

airlinecarrierscontrolmorethan70percentofallticketsalesintheUnitedStates.In

oligopoly,seriouscompetitionisnotconsidereddesirablebecauseitwouldresultin

reducedrevenueforeverycompanyinthegroup.Althoughpricewarsdooccur,inwhich

allcompaniesoffersubstantialsavingstocustomers,asomewhatsimilartendencyto

raisepricessimultaneouslyisalsousual.Finally,monopolyoccurswhenonlyonefirm

sellstheproduct.Somemonopolieshavebeentoleratedforproducersofgoodsand

servicesthathavebeenconsideredbasicoressential,includingelectricityandwater.In

thesecases,itisgovernmentcontrol,ratherthancompetition,thatprotectsandinfluences

sales.

36、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

37Anexampleofaproductinmonopolisticcompetitionis.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

38、Theword"tolerated"inparagraph4couldbestbereplacedby.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

39、Whatdoestheauthormeanbythestatement"Althoughpricewarsdooccur,in

whichallcompaniesoffersubstantialsavingstocustomers,asomewhatsimilartendency

toraisepricessimultaneouslyalsousual"?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

40、Theword"it"inparagraph3refersto.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

Vitaminsareagroupofsubstancesfoundinfood.Thebodyneedsthemforlifeand

health.Sonaturally,manypeoplearcconcernedwiththequestion:AmIgettingenough

vitamins,andamIgettingtherightkind?Eventhoughverysmallamountsofeach

vitaminareenoughfortheneedsofthebody,theworrypeoplehaveaboutvitaminshas

somebasis.Andthishassomethingtodowiththeirdiet—thefoodtheytakein.Aperson

eatingagoodvarietyoffoodsgetsallthevitaminsnowknowntobeneeded(withthe

possibleexceptionofVitaminD).Theproblemisthattherearemanypeoplewhodon't

choosefoodswisely,don'tgetenoughvariety,anddon'teatthebasicfoodstheyneedto

gettheirvitamins.Sotheanswertothisquestionis:noextravitaminsareneeded,

providingyoucatproperfoods.Infact,manyofthevitaminscannotbestoredinthe

body,sowhenextravitaminstakenin,thebodysimplygetsridofthem.Itiseven

harmfultoputtoomuchofcertainvitaminsintothebody.Thishasbeenfoundtobetrue

ofVitaminAandD,whenlargeamountsaretakenin.Whatfoodssupplywhatvitamins?

Hereisaquickgeneralidea.VitaminA,forthehealthoftheeyes,skin,teeth,andbones,

isfoundingreenvegetables,fruits,eggs,liverandbutter.VitaminBlwhichhelpsthe

nervousanddigestivesystemandpreventscertaindiseases,isfoundincereals,porkand

liver.VitaminB2isfoundinmilk,eggs,greenvegetablesandmeats.VitaminC,which

helpsbonesandteeth,isfoundintomatoes,certainfruitsandvegetables.Theseareonly

afewofthemostimportantvitaminsthebodyneeds.

41、VitaminAisneededbyandcanbefoundin.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据文中最后一段的"VilaminA,forthehealthoftheeyes,skin,

teeth,andbones,isfoundingreenvegetables,fruits,eggs,liverandbutter."可

知，维生素A对眼睛、皮肤、牙齿和骨骼的健康有益，它存在于绿色蔬菜、水

果、蛋、肝脏和黄油中。四个选项中，只有C项完全正确。

42>VitaminChelpswhileVitaminB1isveryimportantto.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据文中的"VitaminC,whichhelpsbonesandteeth,isfoundin

tomatoes,certainfruitsandvegctablcs.”可知，维生素C对骨骼和牙齿有益，因此

B、C两项不对。根据文中的"VitaminBlwhichhelpsthenervousanddigestivesystem

andpreventscertaindiseases,isfoundincereals,porkandliver.“可知，D项不对。

因此正确答案为A。

43、Vitaminsareagroupofsubstancesfoundin.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据文中第一句话"Vitaminsareagroupofsubstancesfoundinfood.”

可知，维生素是在食物中被发现的一组物质。因此B项为正确答案。

44、Thebodyneedsforlifeandhealth.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据文中第二段的“Eventhoughverysmallamountsofeachvitaminare

enoughfortheneedsofthebody,…”可知，每种维生素只要很少的量就足够满足人体

的需要了。因此D项为正确答案。

45、Ifyoutakeinmorevitaminsthanyouactuallyneed,.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据文中第三段的"Infact*manyofthevitaminscannotbestoredinthe

body,sowhenextravitaminstakenin,thebodysimplygetsridofthem.“不J知,当

多余的维生素摄人体内时，人体就会把它们排除掉。因此D项为正确答案。

Inwidthofscope,Yeatsfarexceedsanyofhiscontemporaries.Heistheonlypoetsince

the18thcenturywhohasbeenapublicmaninhisowncountryandtheonlypoetsince

Miltonwhohasbeenapublicmanatatimewhenhiscountrywasinvolvedinastruggle

forpoliticalliberty.Thismaynotseemanimportantmatter,butitisaquestionwhether

thekindoflifelivedbypoetsforthelasttwohundredyearsorsohasnotbeenonegreat

reasonforthedriftofpoetryawayfromthelifeofthecommunityasawhole,andthe

lossoftouchwithtradition.Oncethelifeofcontemplationhasbeendivorcedfromthe

lifeofaction,orfromrealknowledgeofmenofaction,somethingislostwhichitis

difficulttodefine,butwhichleavespoetryenfeebledandincomplete.Yeatsresponded

withallhisheartasayoungmantotherealityandtheromanceofIreland'sstrugglebut

helivedtobecompletelydisillusionedaboutthevalueoftheIrishrebellion.Hesawhis

dreamsoflibertyblottedoutinhorrorby"theinnumerableclangingwingsthathaveput

outthemoon".Itbroughthimtothefinalconclusionofthefutilityofalldisciplinethatis

notofthewlaolebeing,andof"howbaseatmomentsofexcitementaremindswithout

culture'1.Butheremainedamantowhomthelifeofactionalwaysmeantsomethingvery

real.

46、Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressesthemainideaofthisparagraphis.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：最适合表达这个自然段大意的标题是：作为诗人和爱国者的叶芝。第

二句可以说是本文的主题句。根据这句话，叶芝不仅是一位诗人，他还参加为争取

政治自由的斗争。所以说，他既是诗人又是爱国者。

47、Yeatswasprimarilya.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：叶芝基本上是一位实干的人。答案的依据是最后一句的后半部分。这

部分说，他是这样一个人，实干的生活总是有一定的实际意义。

48、Thewriterimpliesthat.

标准答案：D

知识点解析•：作者暗示，同以往的诗歌相比，如今的诗歌不能产生很好的效果。答

案的依据是：Oncethelifeofcontemplationhasbeendivorcedfromthelifeofactionor

fromrealknowledgeofmenofaction,somethingislostwhichitisdifficulttodefine,but

whichleavespoetryenfeebledandincompleteo作者的意思是：如今的诗歌脱离了实

际生活，因而显得苍白无力，很不完美。

49、Accordingtothewriteroftheparagraph,greatpoetryismostoftenproducedby

poetswho.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据本文作者的观点，优秀的诗歌往往是由经历生活中种种问题的诗

人创作出来的.根据注释15中提到的那个英语句子可以推断出正确答案。

DoctorsatStanfordUniversityarestudyingamedicationtheyhopewillalleviatethe

sufferingofmillionsofAmericanwomen.Buttheirtargetisn'tbreastcancer,

osteoporosis,orasimilarlywell-knownaffliction.Despiteitsalarmingimpactonits

victims,themaladyinquestionhasreceivedcomparativelylittlemedicalscrutiny.It'sa

"hiddenepidemic,"accordingtotheStanfordresearchers:compulsiveshoppingdisorder.

That'sright.Whatwasoncemerelyapunchlineintelevisionsitcomsisnowbeingtaken

seriouslybymanyclinicians.AccordingtotheStanfordstudy'sleader,Dr.LorrinKoran,

compulsiveshoppingis"motivatedby'irresistible'impulses,characterizedbyspending

thatisexcessiveandinappropriate,hasharmfulconsequencesfbrtheindividual,and

tendstobechronicandstereotyped."Compulsiveshoppers"bingebuy"-mostoften

clothes,shoes,makeup,andjewelry—andthensufferintenseguilt.That,inturn,helps

triggeranotherfrenziedtriptothemall,andthecyclecontinues.Couldcompulsive

shoppingbeahealthhazardassociatedwithAmerica'sunparalleledeconomicprosperity?

"Itseemstobeadiseaseofaffluence,"saysDr.JerroldPollak,aclinicalpsychologist

who'streatedseveralshopaholics."Advertisers...wouldlikeustothinkthatshoppingisa

reasontolive/'agreesDr.CherylCarmin,anotherclinicalpsychologist."Ifyoudonot

havethetimeorinclinationtogotothemallorgrocerystore,therearecatalogs,delivery

services,homeshoppingnetworksonTV,andendlessitemstobuyviatheInternet."

Indeed,thisyear,USadvertiserswillspend$233billion-anamountequaltosixfederal

educationbudgetslupersuadeAmericanslobuy,buy,buy.YetthepossibilityLhalUS

advertisersmaybedrivingcertainwomeninoursocietyt9psychosisisonlypartofthe

story.Itseemsthatthepharmaceuticalcompanies'questtocuretheeffectsofexcessive

marketingmayitselfbelittlemorethanacleverly-disguisedmarketingscheme.The

Stanfordstudy,likemanyofitskind,isbeingfundedbyapharmaceuticalcompany.The

undiscloseddrugisanFDA-approvedantidepressant,specificallyanSSRI--aselective

serotoninre-uptakeinhibitor.(Theresearchersarealsostudyingbehavioraltherapiesfor

compulsiveshoppers.)TheresearchersrunningtheStanfordstudyrefusedtorevealtheir

sponsor.However,onlyfiveSSRIsarecurrentlyontheUSmarket.Pfizer(makersof

Zolofi),EliBilly(Prozac)andSmithKlincBcccham(Paxil)allreportedthattheyarc

neitherconductingnorplanninganystudiesoftheirdrugsforcompulsiveshopping.

Solvay(Luvox)alsoseemsanunlikelycandidate.In1997,researchersattheUniversityof

IowatriedusingLuvoxtotreatcompulsiveshoppersandfoundnomeasurable

differencesbetweentheeffectsofthedrugandthoseofaplacebo.Perhapsthe

manufacturersofLuvoxwanttogivetheirproductanothershot.Morelikely,however,

themysteriousbenefactoroftheStanfordStudyisForestPharmaceuticals(Celexa).Their

PRdepartmentneitherconfirmednordeniedanyinvolvementinKoran'sstudy.Why

wouldapharmaceuticalcompanyanonymouslyspendmoneytolicenseoneofitstop-

sellingdrugsforamarginaldisorderlikecompulsiveshopping?Abigpartoftheanswer

isprofit.Themysterycompanypresumablyhopestocarveauniquesliceoutofthe

mentaldisorderpieinordertomarketittogetherwithaready-madetreatment.Thisisnot

atallanewstrategyfortheworld'smammothpharmaceuticalfirms,asDavidHealy,a

professorattheUniversityofWalesCollegeofMedicine,explainsinhisbook"The

Anti-DepressantEm."Healy'sbookdescribesaprocessbywhichcompaniesSeekto

"educate'*bothpatientsandcliniciansaboutanewdisorder,tosellthedisorderin

preparationforsellingitscure.Fundingclinicaltrialsisacrucialpartofthatprocess.

50、Welearnatthebeginningofthepassagethat.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：该题要求理解第一段中的内容。根据第三句，尽管购物成癖所产生的

后果是严重的，但没有像其他疾病那样得到足够的医学观察和研究。因此C项为

最佳答案。

51、Whichofthefollowingistrueofcompulsiveshoppingdisorder?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：该题要求理解第二段中的内容。根据最后一句，购物成癖者在无节制

购物以后会感到极度内疚，这反过来又会使他们进行更为疯狂的购物，并以此往

复。因此A项为正确答案。

52、ThemanufacturerofwhichofthefollowingSSRIsismostpossiblythesponsorof

theStanfordstudy?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：该题要求理解第五段的内容。不难看出，D项为正确答案。

53、Wecaninferfromthepassagethatastudyofamedicationbyresearcherswill

标准答案：C

知识点解析：该题要求限据第六段的内容进行推断。制药公司为了推销其产品，首

先要使病人和医务人员了解某一种疾病，以便为推销其治疗药物做准备。对临床实

验进行赞助是这种推销方法的一个重要组成部分。因此我们可以推断，对药物进行

研究可以使人们了解该药物所治疗的疾病。C项为正确答案。

54、Theauthorwouldmostlikelyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：该题要求理解作者在文章的后半部分所讨论的主要内容。在第四段开

始作者就指出，并不仅仅是广告商们有可能对不由自主的购物行为负责：制药公司

的做法本身就是一种伪装巧妙的营销策略。因此D项为正确答案。

Ahundredyearsagoitwasassumedandscientifically'proved"byeconomiststhatthe

lawsofsocietymakeitnecessarytohaveavastarmyofpoorandjoblesspeopleinorder

tokeeptheeconomygoing.Today,hardlyanybodywoulddaretovoicetheprinciple.It

isgenerallyacceptedthatnobodyshouldbeexcludedfromthewealthofthenation,

eitherbythelawofnatureorbythoseofsociety.Theopinionsareoutdated,whichwere

currentahundredyearsago,thatthepoorowedtheirconditionstotheirignorance,lack

ofresponsibility.Inallwesternindustrializedcountries,asystemofinsurancehasbeen

introducedwhichguaranteeseveryoneaminimumofsubsistenceincaseof

unemployment,sicknessandoldage.Iwouldgoonestepfurtherandarguethat,evenif

theseconditionsarcnotpresent,inotherwords,onecanclaimthissubstanceminimum

withouthavingtohaveany"reason'1.Iwouldsuggest,however,thatitshouldbelimited

toadefiniteperiodoftime,let'ssaytwoyears,soastoavoidtheencouragementofan

abnormalattitudewhichrefusesanykindofsocialobligation.Thismaysoundlikea

fantasticproposal,butso,Ithink,ourinsurancesystemwouldhavesoundedtopeoplea

hundredyearsago.Themainobjectiontosuchaschemewouldbethatifeachperson

wereentitledtoreceiveminimumsupport,peoplewouldnotwork.Thisassumptionrests

onthefallacyoftheinherentlaziness.Inhumannature,actually,asidefromabnormally

lazypeople,therewouldbeveryfewwhowouldnotwanttoearnmorethanthe

minimum,andwhowouldprefertodonothingratherthanwork.However,thesuspicions

againstasystemofguaranteedsubsistenceminimumarenotgroundlessfromthe

standpointofthosewhowanttouseownershipcapitalforthepurposeofforcingothersto

accepttheworkconditionstheyoffer.Ifnobodywereforcedtoacceptworkinordernot

tostarve,workwouldbesufficientlyinterestingandattractiveinordertoinduceoneto

acceptitFreedomofcontractispossibleonlyifbothpartiesarefreetoacceptandreject

if;inthepresentcapitalistsystemthisisnotthecase.Butsuchasystemwouldnotonly

bethebeginningofrealfreedomofcontractbetweenemployersandemployees,its

principaladvantagewouldbetheimprovementoffreedomininterpersonalrelationships

ineverysphereofdailylife.

55、Peopleusedtothinkthatpovertyandunemploymentweredueto.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题的依据句是"Theopinionsareoutdated,whichwerecurrenta

hundredyearsago,thatthepoorowedtheirconditionstotheirignorance,lackof

responsibility.”从中可知B项为正确答案。

56、Nowitiswidelyacceptedthat.

标准答案：C

知识点解析:本题的依据句是“Itisgenerallyacceptedthatnobodyshouldbeexcluded

fromthewealthofthenation,eitherbythelawofnatureorbythoseofsociety.”从中

可知C项为正确答案。

57、Theauthorarguesthatthesocialinsurancesystemshould.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题的依据句是"Iwouldgoonestepfurtherandarguethat,evenif

theseconditionsarenotpresent,inotherwords,onecanclaimthissubstanceminimum

withouthavingtohaveany^eason'.Iwouldsuggest,however,thatitshouldbe

limitedtoadefiniteperiodoflime.''从中可知D项为正确答案。

58、Theword"fallacy"means.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文中fallacy的意思是“谬误，谬论”，D