2024-2025学年人教新版高二（上）英语寒假作业（九）

第1页（共1页）2024-2025学年人教新版高二（上）英语寒假作业（九）一．完形填空（共1小题）1．There'sasayingthatamixofJacksandJillsmakesatoughjobabreeze（轻而易举的事）.Thatmightbe（1）boysandgirlshaveagoodchanceofbecomingstudy（2）.ButtheNobelPrizemayhavemadethesayinggofurther﹣a（n）（3）makesatoughjobabreeze.Husband﹣and﹣wifeNorwegianscientistsEdvardMoser，52，andMay﹣BrittMoster，51，alongwithBritish﹣UScitizenJohnO'Keffe，75，receivedlastyear'sNobelPrizeinmedicineonOct6and（4）the﹩1.1million（6.75millionyuan）prizemoney.TheyfoundthatthebrainhasaGPS﹣like（5）thatallowspeopletoproduce（6）mapsand（7）aroundtheworld.Thefindings（8）thesecretstohowwefigureoutashortcuttowork（9）there'satrafficjam.AndtheymayfurtherhelpcurediseaseslikeAlzheimer's（老年痴呆症）whose（10）losetheirspatial（11）andgeteasilylost.（12），intelligenceandhardworkare（13）behindtheirsuccess，yetmany，includingMay﹣BrittMoser，believespendingtimewithlike﹣mindedpeoplemayhavealsopushedthemtowardthe（14）."It'simpossibletodo（15）onone'sown.Youhavetohavepartnerswhoyoucantrustandsharethesamepassionwithyou."saidMay﹣BrittMoser.Beingfriendsand（16）alsoallowsthemtobounceideasbackandforthonthespot.Theyhave"breakfastmeeting"and"nighttalks"everyday，Theytalkaboutbrainswhentheyareshoppingandcooking.They（17）turnedafamilydinneratafancyrestaurantthissummerintoa（18）abouthowtheirownbrainsknowwheretheyare."Wecan（19）oneanotherinsideandoutsidethelab.That'sgoodbecausethebestideadon't（20）comewhenyou'resittinginthelab."saidEdwardMoser.（1）A．whenB．whereC．whyD．which（2）A．competitorsB．partnersC．participantsD．friends（3）A．familyB．organizationC．coupleD．class（4）A．carriedB．paidC．awardedD．shared（5）A．partB．functionC．tissueD．character（6）A．realB．physicalC．falseD．mental（7）A．travelB．visitC．searchD．conquer（8）A．unlockB．shapeC．keepD．solve（9）A．whichB．whenC．beforeD．unless（10）A．receiversB．doctorsC．carriersD．victims（11）A．imaginationB．thoughtC．memoryD．ability（12）A．AdmittedlyB．GenerallyC．StrictlyD．Personally（13）A．largelyB．partlyC．fullyD．lightly（14）A．familyB．marriageC．moneyD．prize（15）A．anythingB．everythingC．nothingD．something（16）A．familiesB．relativesC．classmatesD．scientists（17）A．maybeB．somewhatC．thereforeD．even（18）A．fightB．discussionC．negotiationD．challenge（19）A．teachB．learnC．inspireD．argue（20）A．alwaysB．occasionallyC．necessarilyD．possibly二．阅读理解（共3小题）2．InChina，the"kingdomofbicycles"，peoplewenteverywherebybicycle.However，nowasaresultofindustrialization，from1995to2005，thenumberofbikesdeclinedby35%inChinesecities，whilecarsandothermotorvehiclesdoubled.Thishasleftairpollutedandroadscrowded.InChina，pollutantlevelshaverisenalongsideurbanpopulationgrowth.Todealwiththisissue，Chinesecitieshaveinvested（投资）increasinglyinpublictransportsystemslikebike﹣sharing.Bike﹣sharingsystemshavegrownextremelyinChinainthepastdecade.ThefirstmajormodelsstartedinEuropeancitiesAmsterdamandCopenhagenin1968and1995andofferedaservicethroughwhichcity﹣goerscouldeasilyborrowbikestotravelaroundthecity.Sincethen，bike﹣sharingsystemshavegrownrapidly.Chinanowhasthebiggestandlargestnumberofbike﹣sharingprograms.OneofthelargestprogramsistheHangzhouPublicBicycleService.Thesystemisstraightforward﹣pickupabikefromanystationandyoucanrideforfreeinthefirsthour.Needanotherhour？Pay1Chineseyuanforasecondhour.Givenitseaseandcheapness，it'snosurprisethatanaverageof310，000peopleusethesystemeveryday.However，theadoptionofbike﹣sharingwasn'teasyatthebeginning.Afterthe2008OlympicGames，Beijingstruggledinmaintainingitsbike﹣sharingprograms，asbike﹣sharingcompaniessufferedheavyfinancial（财政的）lossesduetolittlegovernmentsupportandlittledemand.Shanghaisimilarlystruggledin2014，withcitizenschoosingtotaketaxisortobuytheirownbikes.Thenthingsstartedtolookup.Andnowmorebike﹣sharingprograms，likeMobikeandOfo，aredevelopingquickly.Regardlessofhowbike﹣sharingsystemschangeinChina，it'sevidentthatthey'vemadetheirmarkonChina'stransportsystems，onthewaytomakingthecountryreturntothe"kingdomofbicycles"andhopefullyregaincleanair.（1）Whatcontributedtothebirthofbike﹣sharingprogramsinChina？A．Risingpollutantlevels.B．Thepopulationgrowth.C．Thetraditionofridingbicycles.D．People'sincreasinginterestincycling.（2）Whatcanwelearnaboutbike﹣sharingfromParagraph2？A．Itservesasthemostconvenienttransportsystem.B．ItisacommonmeansoftransportinEurope.C．ItenjoyspopularityinmostChinesecities.D．Ithasahistoryofabouthalfacentury.（3）WhatmadeShanghaihavetroublekeepingitsbike﹣sharingprogramsatfirst？A．Littledemand.B．Toomanytaxis.C．Alackofmoney.D．Nogovernmentsupport.（4）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext？A．Bikes：AnEco﹣friendlyMeansofTransportB．TheBenefitsofBike﹣sharingC．TheKingdomofBicyclesD．Bike﹣sharinginChina3．（2023•香坊区校级一模）At1：43a.m.October5，2022，StanfordchemistCarolynR.BertozziwasawakenedbyaphonecallfromaNobelcommitteerepresentativewhotoldher，"Youhave50minutestocollectyourselfandwaituntilyourlifechanges."Instructednottosharetheannouncementoutsideofhertightestinnercircle，thefirstpersonBertozzicalledwasherfather，aretiredphysicsprofessorfromMIT."He's91and，ofcourse，hewasjustoverjoyed，"saidBertozzi.CarolynBertozzi，bornOctober10，1966，Boston，wasawardedtheNobelPrizeinchemistryforherdevelopmentofbioorthogonalreactions，whichallowscientiststoexplorecellsandtrackbiologicalprocesseswithoutdisturbingthenormalchemistryofthecell.Shesharesthe10millionSwedishkronor（about1millionUSD）prizeequallywithMortenMeldal，professoratUniversityofCopenhagenandK.BarrySharpless，professoratScrippsResearch"forthedevelopmentofclickchemistryandbioorthogonalchemistry."Carolynreceivedabachelor'sdegreeinchemistryfromHarvardUniversityin1988andadoctorateinthesamesubjectfromtheUniversityofCalifornia，Berkeleyin1993.ShewasapostdoctoralfellowattheUniversityofCalifornia，SanFrancisco，from1993to1995.ShebecameanassistantprofessoratBerkeleyin1996andafullprofessorofchemistryandmolecularandcellbiologyin2002.Shealsoheldanappointmentasaprofessorofmolecularandcellularpharmacologyfrom2000to2002attheUniversityofCalifornia，SanFrancisco.In2015shebecameaprofessorofchemistryatStanfordUniversity."IcouldnotbemoredelightedthatCarolynBertozzihaswontheNobelPrizeinchemistry，"saidStanfordPresidentMarcTessier﹣Lavigne."Inpioneeringthefieldofbioorthogonalchemistry，Carolyninventedanewwayofstudyingbiomolecularprocesses，onethathashelpedscientistsaroundtheworldgainadeeperunderstandingofchemicalreactionsinlivingsystems.Herworkhashadremarkablereal﹣worldimpact，providingnewdiagnosticandtherapeuticapproachestotreatdisease.Carolynissodeservingofthishonor，andallofusatStanfordaretooproudtocallheroneofourown."Carolyn'sbioorthogonalreactionshavebeenusedtostudyhowcellsbuildproteinsandothermolecules，todevelopnewcancermedicines，andtoproducenewmaterialsforenergystorage，amongmanyotherapplications.（1）WhydoestheauthormentionthephonecallCarolynreceivedinParagraph1？A．TointroducethebackgroundinformationofCarolyn.B．Torevealaconversationbetweentwoscientists.C．Toarousethereaders'interestinthepassage.D．Toshowtheurgencyabouttheinformation.（2）WhatcanwelearnaboutCarolynfromparagraphs2and3？A．Hereducationandsuccess.B．Herdelightandpride.C．Herkindnessanddevotion.D．Herdreamandambition.（3）WhatcanweinferfromMarcTessier﹣Lavigne'swords？A．HewantstocooperatewithCarolyn.B．Carolynhasfoundanewcureforcancer.C．HebenefitsgreatlyfromCarolyn'sfindings.D．Carolyn'sfindingsareofgreatsignificance.（4）Whatisthetext？A．Aprofile.B．Anewsreport.C．Ajournal.D．Abookreview.4．（2023春•普陀区校级期中）"I'venevermetahumanworthcloning，"sayscloningexpertMarkWesthusinfromhislabatTexasA&MUniversity．"It'sastupidendeavor．"That'saninterestingchoiceofadjective，comingfromamanwhohasspentmillionsofdollarstryingtocloneas13﹣year﹣olddognamedMissy．Sofar，heandhisteamhavenotsucceed，thoughtheyhaveclonedtwocowsandexpecttocloneacatsoon．TheyjustmightsucceedincloningMissythisspring﹣orperhapsnotforanotherfiveyears．Itseemsthereproductivesystemofman'sbestfriendisoneofthemysteriesofmodernscience．Westhusin'sexperiencewithcloninganimalsleaveshimupsetbyallthistalkofhumancloning．InthreeyearsofworkontheMissyproject，heandtheA&Mteamhasfailedoverandoveragain．Thewastageofeggsandthemanyfetuses（胎）maybeacceptablewhenyou'redealingwithcatsorbulls，heargues，butnotwithhumans．"Cloningisincrediblyinefficient，andalsodangerous，"hesays．Evenso，dogcloningisacommercialopportunity，withaniceresearchpayoff．EversinceDollythesheepwasclonedin1997，Westhusin'sphonehasbeenringingwithpeoplecallinginhopesofduplicatingtheircatsanddogs，cattleandhorses．"Alotofpeoplewanttoclonepets，especiallyifthepriceisright，"saysWesthusin．CostisnoobstacleforMissy'smysteriousbillionaireowner；he'sputup﹩3.7millionsofartofundA&M'sresearch．Contrarytosomemediareports，Missyisnotdead．TheownerwantsatwintocarryonMissy'sfinequalitiesaftershedoesdie．Theprototypeis，byallaccounts，athletic，good﹣naturedandsuper﹣smart．Missy'smasterdoesnotexpectanexactcopyofher．Heknowsherclonemaynothavehertemperament．Inastatementofpurpose，Missy'sownerandtheA&Mteamsaytheyare"bothlookingforwardtostudyingthewaysthatherclonesdifferfromMissy．"Besidescloningagreatdog，theprojectmaycontributeinsightintotheoldquestionofnaturevs．nurture．Itcouldalsoleadtothecloningofspecialrescuedogsandmanyendangeredanimals．However，Westhusiniscautiousabouthiswork．Heknowsthatevenifhegetsadogpregnant，theoffspring，shouldtheysurvive，willfacetheproblemsshownatbirthbyotherclonedanimals：abnormalitieslikeimmaturelungsandheartandweightproblems．"Whywouldyoueverwanttoclonehumans，"Westhusinasks，"whenwe'renotevenclosetogettingitworkedoutinanimalsyet？"（1）BycloningMissy，MarkWesthusinandA&Mteamattemptto．A．figureoutthepossibilityofhumancloningB．findoutthedifferencesbetweenMissyanditscloneC．studywhytheprototype，Missy，issoathleticandsmartD．showtheirloveforlovelyMissysinceithaspassedaway（2）Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethatdogcloning．A．wasconductedlongbeforethesheepcloningB．hasgainedanunexpectedcoldresponsefromthesocietyC．hasposedagreatfinancialchallengetoWesthusinD．cangenerateanenormouswealthofeconomicreturns（3）WhatisWesthusin'sattitudetowardswhatheisdoing？A．Careful．B．Optimistic．C．Passive．D．Indifferent．（4）Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage？A．Currentcloningtechniqueshaveprovedquiteadequateforhumancloning．B．TheoutcomeofWesthusin'sdogcloningprojectremainsuncertain．C．Dangerousasitis，cloningisanincrediblyefficientmethod．D．Westhusinthoughtitaninterestingattempttoclonehumanbeings．三．信息匹配（共1小题）5．Manycompanies，includingMcDonald's，areremovingartificialcolorsfromtheirfoods.（1）Colorssendimportantsignalsaboutfood，andcompaniesaren'tgoingtostopusingthem.CheeseCheckthepackagesofmostcheeses，andthereislikelyaningredientcalledannatto（胭脂红）listed.（2）ThepracticedatesbacktowhencheesemakersinEnglandremovedthebutterfatfrommilktomakebutter.Theleftovermilkwaswhiter，socheesemakersaddedannattotocreateagoldencoloring.EggYolksManyhomecooksthinkdarkereggyolksarefresherormorenutritious.Butthecolormaybetheresultofcoloringproductsinchickenfeed.（3）Darkeryolksaren'tnecessarilyhealthier.Thebeliefthattheyarehealthierislikelyrootedintheideathatyolksaredarkerwhenhensarefedadietoffreshplants，whichcontainthepigments（色素）.SalmonBrightpinkfleshmaysignalfreshnesstoshopperseyeingsalmon，whichiswhysalmonmayhavebeenfedsyntheticastaxanthin（虾青素）.（4）Forexample，atCostco，ticketsoffarmedsalmonaresaying"Coloraddedthroughfeed"."Peopleusedtogetallthecoloringallovertheirfingers.Wenowkindoflaughatthat，"saidRichardMatoian，directorofafoodtradeassociation.（5）Americans，therefore，apparentlyaren'tentirelyreadytosaygoodbyetotheartificialcolorsinvariouskindsoffood.Companiesareexpectedtotakenewmeasuresinresponsetocustomerdemand.A.Withoutit，cheesewouldbeoff﹣white.B.Butproducersknowthedifferencecolorscanmake.C.It'seasytochangeyolkcolorsbysimplyvaryinghens'diet.D.Butdon'texpectyourcheeseburgerstolookmuchdifferent.E.Yolkcolorsvarywhenchickensliveindifferentclimatesaswell.F.Producersareaskedtodeclareonticketsifartificialcolorswereused.G.Somecompaniesevenoffervariousshadesofpinktohelpjudgefleshcolors.四．语法填空（共1小题）6．Thegesture"OK"hasdifferentmeaningsintheUSandFrance.Oncewhen（1）（ask）byahotelmanagerinFranceifhewas（2）（satisfy）withtheservice，anAmericanbusinessmanwas（3）（please）andgavethe"OK"gesturewithhisthumbandindexfingerformingan"o".However，themanagerwasveryworried.（4）（confuse）bytheunusualreactionofthemanager，theAmericanbusinessmanaskedwhy.Themanagersaidthatthe"OK"gesturemeantthattheserviceinhishotelwas"zero"—worthless.（5）（hear）hisexplanation，theAmericanbusinessmanwas（6）（surprise），becausethe"OK"gesturemeans"good"intheUS.五．完成句子（共5小题）7．Weshouldifsomeoneisseriouslyinjured.如果有人受了重伤，我们应该马上打电话叫救护车。8．我的弟弟Tom在起居室里弹钢琴时，突然听到有人尖叫。MyyoungerbrotherTomwasplayingthepianoinhislivingroomwhenhesomeone.9．老实说，每天晚饭后散步对你的健康有益。Tobehonest，afterdinnereverydayisbeneficialtoyourhealth.10．依我看，真正重要的不是他说了什么，而是做了什么。Inmyopinion，isnotwhathesays，butwhathedoes.11．（hear）theirteacher'svoice，thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.一听到老师的声音，学生们立即停止讲话。六．书面表达（共2小题）12．（2017春•龙海市校级期末）假如你叫李华，你和你的家人去笔友David所在的城市新加坡（Singapore）旅游，受到David的热情款待，回来后你想对他表达自己的感谢之情．请根据以下要点给David写一封信．1．感谢他的热情款待；2．在新加坡玩得很开心；3．新加坡的风景和美食令人印象深刻；4．邀请他来遵义旅游．注意：1．词数100词左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．DearDavid，Yours，LiHua13．（2024春•沈河区校级期中）Asasixthgrader，Ibegannoticinghowotherkidswereseparatingintogroups.Iwasn'tsurewhereIbelonged.Ifoundithardtofitin.Ourteacherhadassigned"secretfriends"forthecomingweek.Shewroteeachkid'snameonapieceofpaperandthrewthemintoaglass；thenweeachclosedoureyesanddrewthenameofaclassmatewhoweweretosecretlybefriendandsupportoverthenextfiveschooldays.Bythemiddleoftheweek，everyone，includingme，hadturnedthisassignmentintoacontesttoseewhosesecretfriendcouldleavethebestgift.Weleftcards，pensandevenmoney.Itseemedthateveryonewasgettingcoolpresentsfromtheirfriendsexceptme.Onthelastmorningofourassignment，Iwalkedintomyclassroomandnoticedtherewasapackage.Iopenedthewrappingpaperandinsidewasaboxofpowder.ThegirlssittingnearmelaughedatthegiftIhadreceived.Tomakemattersworse，thepowderhadalreadybeenopened.Itriedtoforgetabouttheembarrassinggift，butwhenIwasinthebathroomduringthebreak，thegirlswhohadseenmeopenthepowderstartedspeakingillofmysecretfriendofgivingittome.Iquicklyjoinedin."Howterrible，"Iheardmyselfsaying，"Whatcouldmyfriendbethinkingbygivingmesuchastupidgift？Mygrandmotherwouldn'tevenwantit."Thegirlslaughedatmyremarksandrushedoutofthebathroom.IstayedtowashmyhandsandletthewaterrunthroughmyfingersasIthoughtaboutwhatIhadjustsaid.Itwasn'tnormallikemetosaymeanthingslikethataboutsomeone.Paragraph1：ThenIsawmyclassmateJanetcomeoutofabathroombooth（厕所隔间），tearsstreamingdownherface.________Paragraph2：Alongwithmyapologies，Iexplainedthereason.___________

2024-2025学年人教新版高二（上）英语寒假作业（九）参考答案与试题解析一．完形填空（共1小题）1．There'sasayingthatamixofJacksandJillsmakesatoughjobabreeze（轻而易举的事）.Thatmightbe（1）Cboysandgirlshaveagoodchanceofbecomingstudy（2）B.ButtheNobelPrizemayhavemadethesayinggofurther﹣a（n）（3）Cmakesatoughjobabreeze.Husband﹣and﹣wifeNorwegianscientistsEdvardMoser，52，andMay﹣BrittMoster，51，alongwithBritish﹣UScitizenJohnO'Keffe，75，receivedlastyear'sNobelPrizeinmedicineonOct6and（4）Dthe﹩1.1million（6.75millionyuan）prizemoney.TheyfoundthatthebrainhasaGPS﹣like（5）Bthatallowspeopletoproduce（6）Dmapsand（7）Aaroundtheworld.Thefindings（8）Athesecretstohowwefigureoutashortcuttowork（9）Bthere'satrafficjam.AndtheymayfurtherhelpcurediseaseslikeAlzheimer's（老年痴呆症）whose（10）Dlosetheirspatial（11）Candgeteasilylost.（12）A，intelligenceandhardworkare（13）Abehindtheirsuccess，yetmany，includingMay﹣BrittMoser，believespendingtimewithlike﹣mindedpeoplemayhavealsopushedthemtowardthe（14）D."It'simpossibletodo（15）Bonone'sown.Youhavetohavepartnerswhoyoucantrustandsharethesamepassionwithyou."saidMay﹣BrittMoser.Beingfriendsand（16）Aalsoallowsthemtobounceideasbackandforthonthespot.Theyhave"breakfastmeeting"and"nighttalks"everyday，Theytalkaboutbrainswhentheyareshoppingandcooking.They（17）Dturnedafamilydinneratafancyrestaurantthissummerintoa（18）Babouthowtheirownbrainsknowwheretheyare."Wecan（19）Coneanotherinsideandoutsidethelab.That'sgoodbecausethebestideadon't（20）Ccomewhenyou'resittinginthelab."saidEdwardMoser.（1）A．whenB．whereC．whyD．which（2）A．competitorsB．partnersC．participantsD．friends（3）A．familyB．organizationC．coupleD．class（4）A．carriedB．paidC．awardedD．shared（5）A．partB．functionC．tissueD．character（6）A．realB．physicalC．falseD．mental（7）A．travelB．visitC．searchD．conquer（8）A．unlockB．shapeC．keepD．solve（9）A．whichB．whenC．beforeD．unless（10）A．receiversB．doctorsC．carriersD．victims（11）A．imaginationB．thoughtC．memoryD．ability（12）A．AdmittedlyB．GenerallyC．StrictlyD．Personally（13）A．largelyB．partlyC．fullyD．lightly（14）A．familyB．marriageC．moneyD．prize（15）A．anythingB．everythingC．nothingD．something（16）A．familiesB．relativesC．classmatesD．scientists（17）A．maybeB．somewhatC．thereforeD．even（18）A．fightB．discussionC．negotiationD．challenge（19）A．teachB．learnC．inspireD．argue（20）A．alwaysB．occasionallyC．necessarilyD．possibly【答案】（1）﹣（5）CBCDB（6）﹣（10）DAABD（11）﹣（15）CAADB（16）﹣（20）ADBCC【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述10月6日，52岁的挪威科学家爱德华•莫瑟和51岁的梅•布里特•莫斯特夫妇以及75岁的英美公民约翰•奥克菲获得了去年的诺贝尔医学奖，并分享了675万英镑奖金。以及他们背后付出的努力工作。【解答】（1）C.考查连词及语境理解。A.when何时；B.where何地；C.why为什么；D.which哪个。根据上句There'sasayingthatamixofJacksandJillsmakesatoughjobabreeze可知有一种说法是，杰克和吉尔的组合让艰难的工作变得轻而易举。说明这可能就是为什么男孩和女孩有很大的机会成为学习伙伴。故答案为C。（2）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.competitors竞争者；B.partners合作者；C.participants参与者；D.friends朋友。根据后文Youhavetohavepartnerswhoyoucantrustandsharethesamepassionwithyou可知你必须有你可以信任的伙伴，并与你分享同样的激情。此处是说男孩和女孩有很大的机会成为学习伙伴。故答案为B。（3）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.family家庭；B.organization机构；C.couple夫妇；D.class班级。根据下句Husband﹣and﹣wifeNorwegianscientistsEdvardMoser，52，andMay﹣BrittMoster，51，alongwithBritish﹣UScitizenJohnO'Keffe，75，receivedlastyear'sNobelPrizeinmedicineonOct6andthe﹩1.1million（6.75millionyuan）prizemoney.可知10月6日，52岁的挪威科学家爱德华•莫瑟和51岁的梅•布里特•莫斯特夫妇以及75岁的英美公民约翰•奥克菲获得了去年的诺贝尔医学奖，并分享了675万英镑奖金。说明诺贝尔奖可能让这句话走得更远﹣﹣﹣﹣一对夫妇把艰难的工作变得轻而易举。故答案为C。（4）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.carried搬运；B.paid支付；C.awarded奖励；D.shared分享。根据上句Husband﹣and﹣wifeNorwegianscientistsEdvardMoser，52，andMay﹣BrittMoster，51，alongwithBritish﹣UScitizenJohnO'Keffe，75，receivedlastyear'sNobelPrizeinmedicineonOct6andthe﹩1.1million（6.75millionyuan）prizemoney.可知10月6日，52岁的挪威科学家爱德华•莫瑟和51岁的梅•布里特•莫斯特夫妇以及75岁的英美公民约翰•奥克菲获得了去年的诺贝尔医学奖，并分享了675万英镑奖金。故答案为D。（5）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.part部分；B.function功能；C.tissue组织；D.character性格。根据下句allowspeopletoproduce（6）mapsandaroundtheworld.可知他们发现大脑有一个类似全球定位系统的功能，可以让人们制作思维导图并环游世界。故答案为B。（6）D.考查形容词及语境理解。A.real真的；B.physical身体上的；C.false错误的；D.mental精神上的。他们发现大脑有一个类似全球定位系统的功能，可以让人们制作思维导图并环游世界。故答案为D。（7）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.travel旅行；B.visit参观；C.search搜索；D.conquer征服。根据上句TheyfoundthatthebrainhasaGPS可知他们发现大脑有一个类似全球定位系统的功能。说明人们可以制作思维导图并环游世界。故答案为A。（8）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.unlock打开；B.shape塑造；C.keep保持；D.solve解决。根据下句AndtheymayfurtherhelpcurediseaseslikeAlzheimer's可知它们可能进一步帮助治愈像老年痴呆症这样的疾病。说明这些发现揭开了我们如何在交通堵塞时找到工作捷径的秘密。故答案为A。（9）B.考查连词及语境理解。A.which哪个；B.when何时；C.before之前；D.unless除非。这些发现揭开了我们如何在交通堵塞时找到工作捷径的秘密。when引导的是时间状语从句。故答案为B。（10）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.receivers接收者；B.doctors医生；C.carriers搬运者；D.victims受害者。根据上句AndtheymayfurtherhelpcurediseaseslikeAlzheimer's可知它们可能进一步帮助治愈像老年痴呆症这样的疾病。说明这些老年痴呆症受害者失去了他们的空间记忆，很容易迷路。故答案为D。（11）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.imagination想象；B.thought思想；C.memory记忆；D.ability能力。根据下句geteasilylost可知很容易迷路。说明这些老年痴呆症受害者失去了他们的空间记忆。故答案为C。（12）A.考查副词及语境理解。A.Admittedly无可否认地；B.Generally一般来说；C.Strictly秘密地；D.Personally就个人而言。诚然，聪明才智和努力工作在很大程度上是他们成功的原因，但包括迈•布里特•莫泽在内的许多人认为，与志同道合的人共度时光可能也促使他们走向了这个奖项。故答案为A。（13）A.考查副词及语境理解。A.largely很大程度上；B.partly部分地；C.fully满地；D.lightly轻地。根据空前intelligenceandhardwork可知诚然，聪明才智和努力工作在很大程度上是他们成功的原因。故答案为A。（14）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.family家庭；B.marriage婚姻；C.money钱；D.prize奖项。根据前文Husband﹣and﹣wifeNorwegianscientistsEdvardMoser，52，andMay﹣BrittMoster，51，alongwithBritish﹣UScitizenJohnO'Keffe，75，receivedlastyear'sNobelPrizeinmedicineonOct6andthe﹩1.1million（6.75millionyuan）prizemoney.可知10月6日，52岁的挪威科学家爱德华•莫瑟和51岁的梅•布里特•莫斯特夫妇以及75岁的英美公民约翰•奥克菲获得了去年的诺贝尔医学奖，并分享了675万英镑奖金。故答案为D。（15）B.考查代词及语境理解。A.anything任何事；B.everything每件事；C.nothing没有事情；D.something某件事情。根据下句Youhavetohavepartnerswhoyoucantrustandsharethesamepassionwithyou可知你必须有你可以信任的伙伴，并与你分享同样的激情。说明一个人不可能做所有的事情。故答案为B。（16）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.families家庭；B.relatives亲戚；C.classmates同学；D.scientists科学家。根据下句Theyhave"breakfastmeeting"and"nighttalks"everyday可知他们每天都有"早餐会"和"夜谈"。说明他们有可能成为家人。故答案为A。（17）D.考查副词及语境理解。A.maybe或许；B.somewhat有点；C.therefore因此；D.even甚至。他们甚至把今年夏天在一家高级餐厅的家庭晚餐变成了一场关于他们自己的大脑如何知道他们在哪里的讨论。故答案为D。（18）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.fight打架；B.discussion讨论；C.negotiation协商；D.challenge挑战。根据空后abouthowtheirownbrainsknowwheretheyare.可知他们自己的大脑如何知道他们在哪里。说明这是他们讨论的话题。故答案为B。（19）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.teach教；B.learn学；C.inspire鼓励；D.argue争论。根据上文Youhavetohavepartnerswhoyoucantrustandsharethesamepassionwithyou可知你必须有你可以信任的伙伴，并与你分享同样的激情。说明应该相互鼓励。故答案为C。（20）C.考查副词及语境理解。A.always总是；B.occasionally偶尔；C.necessarily必须地；D.possibly可能地。这很好，因为最好的想法不一定是在你坐在实验室的时候出现的。故答案为C。【点评】完形填空题的命题趋势解题步骤：1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。二．阅读理解（共3小题）2．InChina，the"kingdomofbicycles"，peoplewenteverywherebybicycle.However，nowasaresultofindustrialization，from1995to2005，thenumberofbikesdeclinedby35%inChinesecities，whilecarsandothermotorvehiclesdoubled.Thishasleftairpollutedandroadscrowded.InChina，pollutantlevelshaverisenalongsideurbanpopulationgrowth.Todealwiththisissue，Chinesecitieshaveinvested（投资）increasinglyinpublictransportsystemslikebike﹣sharing.Bike﹣sharingsystemshavegrownextremelyinChinainthepastdecade.ThefirstmajormodelsstartedinEuropeancitiesAmsterdamandCopenhagenin1968and1995andofferedaservicethroughwhichcity﹣goerscouldeasilyborrowbikestotravelaroundthecity.Sincethen，bike﹣sharingsystemshavegrownrapidly.Chinanowhasthebiggestandlargestnumberofbike﹣sharingprograms.OneofthelargestprogramsistheHangzhouPublicBicycleService.Thesystemisstraightforward﹣pickupabikefromanystationandyoucanrideforfreeinthefirsthour.Needanotherhour？Pay1Chineseyuanforasecondhour.Givenitseaseandcheapness，it'snosurprisethatanaverageof310，000peopleusethesystemeveryday.However，theadoptionofbike﹣sharingwasn'teasyatthebeginning.Afterthe2008OlympicGames，Beijingstruggledinmaintainingitsbike﹣sharingprograms，asbike﹣sharingcompaniessufferedheavyfinancial（财政的）lossesduetolittlegovernmentsupportandlittledemand.Shanghaisimilarlystruggledin2014，withcitizenschoosingtotaketaxisortobuytheirownbikes.Thenthingsstartedtolookup.Andnowmorebike﹣sharingprograms，likeMobikeandOfo，aredevelopingquickly.Regardlessofhowbike﹣sharingsystemschangeinChina，it'sevidentthatthey'vemadetheirmarkonChina'stransportsystems，onthewaytomakingthecountryreturntothe"kingdomofbicycles"andhopefullyregaincleanair.（1）Whatcontributedtothebirthofbike﹣sharingprogramsinChina？AA．Risingpollutantlevels.B．Thepopulationgrowth.C．Thetraditionofridingbicycles.D．People'sincreasinginterestincycling.（2）Whatcanwelearnaboutbike﹣sharingfromParagraph2？DA．Itservesasthemostconvenienttransportsystem.B．ItisacommonmeansoftransportinEurope.C．ItenjoyspopularityinmostChinesecities.D．Ithasahistoryofabouthalfacentury.（3）WhatmadeShanghaihavetroublekeepingitsbike﹣sharingprogramsatfirst？AA．Littledemand.B．Toomanytaxis.C．Alackofmoney.D．Nogovernmentsupport.（4）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext？DA．Bikes：AnEco﹣friendlyMeansofTransportB．TheBenefitsofBike﹣sharingC．TheKingdomofBicyclesD．Bike﹣sharinginChina【答案】ADAD【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了共享单车在中国的发展过程。【解答】（1）A.细节理解题。根据原文第二段Todealwiththisissue，Chinesecitieshaveinvested（投资）increasinglyinpublictransportsystemslikebike﹣sharing.为了解决这个问题，中国的城市越来越多地投资于公共交通系统，比如共享单车。而thisissue应指第一段所提到的However，nowasaresultofindustrialization...Thishasleftairpollutedandroadscrowded.（然而，现在由于工业化的结果，从1995年到2005年，中国城市的自行车数量下降了35%，而汽车和其他机动车辆翻了一番。这导致了空气污染和道路拥挤。）所以说是机动车导致的城市环境污染催生了共享单车。故选A。（2）D.推理判断题。根据原文第二段ThefirstmajormodelsstartedinEuropeancitiesAmsterdamandCopenhagenin1968and1995andofferedaservicethroughwhichcity﹣goerscouldeasilyborrowbikestotravelaroundthecity.（1968年和1995年，欧洲城市阿姆斯特丹和哥本哈根推出了第一批主要车型，提供一项服务，让市民可以很容