2024-2025学年外研社版高二（上）英语寒假作业（十一）

第1页（共1页）2024-2025学年外研社版高二（上）英语寒假作业（十一）一．完形填空（共1小题）1．（2022秋•仁寿县校级期末）MywifeandImovedintoourhometwoyearsago．Wehadayardwithalotof（1）．Veryoftenwhenwehaveflowers，DeniseorIwouldplantsomebetweentherocks，justtoaddsome（2）tothearea．Lastsummer，IfoundatinylittleplantintheyardthatIcouldnotimmediatelyidentify．IknewIdidn'tplantitandDenisesaidshedidn'teither．Wedecidedtoletit（3）growinguntilwecouldfindoutwhatitwas．WeekspassedandasImademywaybacktothe（4）plant，itappearedtobeasunflower．Idecidedto（5）theweeds（杂草）aroundit．AsIpulledrocksfromtheareatogettotheweeds，Inoticedsomething（6）．Thesunflowerhadnot（7）whereIsawitbegin．Itactuallyhadbegununderabigrockandgrownunderandaroundittoreachthe（8）．That'swhenI（9）thatifatinylittlesunflowerdidn'tletabigrockstandinitswayofdeveloping，wetoohavetheabilityofdoingthesamething．Ifwe（10）ourselveslikethatlittlesunflower，wecanreachwherewe（11）togoandgetwhatweneedforgrowth．Weneedtobelieveinourselvesknowingwehavethe（12）toachieveourgoals．Likethesunflower，itknewithadtheabilitytogetovertherocksbecauseithad（13）initselfthatitwouldsucceed．Standtalllikethesunflowerandbe（14）ofwhoandwhatweare，andthentheenvironmentwillbeginto（15）us．Wewillfindawaytogounderoraroundany"rocks"inordertoreachourgoals．（1）A．flowerB．insectsC．vegetablesD．rocks（2）A．waterB．fertilizerC．colorD．shape（3）A．stopB．continueC．improveD．escape（4）A．weakB．strangeC．lonelyD．pretty（5）A．collectB．tendC．removeD．watch（6）A．unusualB．wonderfulC．terribleD．valuable（7）A．passedB．startedC．leftD．died（8）A．airB．topC．sunD．house（9）A．hopedB．realizedC．doubtedD．regretted（10）A．fillinB．putinC．worryaboutD．believein（11）A．forgetB．hateC．aimD．wait（12）A．wishB．planC．abilityD．idea（13）A．faithB．energyC．virtueD．courage（14）A．awareB．afraidC．proudD．tired（15）A．forgiveB．supportC．upsetD．affect二．阅读理解（共3小题）2．（2024•湖南学业考试）Riversareveryimportant.Humansrelyonthemforfoodandwater.Butriverscandestroythings，too.Theycanflood，orriseovertheirbanks，makingthewaterrunintothenearbyland.Floodscanalsokillhumansandwildlife.However，floodsarenotalwaysbad.Someecosystemsneedthemeveryonceinawhile.Floodingcannotonlydrownanimalsbutalsodestroyhabitats.Forexample，afloodinIndiain2012killedmanyone﹣hornedrhinos.Floodwaterscanpickupdirtfromriverbanks，whichmakesthewaterdirty.Toomuchdirtwillclogriversandstreams，preventingtheriverfromflowing.Sometimesfloodwaterscancarrypollutiontotheseaandharmmarinelife.Inaddition，floodwaterscancarrydisease，includinghepatitisAandcholera.However，noteverythingaboutfloodsisbad.Sometimestheybringnewlifetoecosystems.Floodwaterscarrynutrientstothenearbyland.Overtime，thewaterdriesupandleavesbehindparticles（微粒）ofdirtandmud.Theparticlesarecalledsediment（沉淀物）whichcanbegoodduetoitsabilitytoimprovethedirtandhelpsplantsgrow.Floodsareimportanttosomeanimalsaswell.Forinstance，someanimalsseefloodsasasignthatitistimetomateormigrate.Floodsleavesedimentonriverbedswherebabyfishcangrowandcarrynutrientsforsmallanimalsinthewatertoeat.Moreover，indryseasons，watermightdryup，butfloodshelprefillthewetlands，keepingtheecosystemgoing.Floodsareapartofnature.Theycandestroylivingthingsandtheenvironment.Butsomeecosystemsneedfloodstosurvive.（1）What'sthepossiblemeaningoftheunderlinedword"clog"inparagraph2？A．Become.B．Pollute.C．Block.D．Develop.（2）Howdofloodshelpecosystems？A．Nutrientscarriedbyfloodscanmakesoilricher.B．Floodsmakealltheanimalsmigratemoreeasily.C．Tinyfishgoingwithfloodsfeedsomeanimals.D．Floodscanimprovethedirtandhelpplantsgrow.（3）What'sthemainideaofparagraph3？A．Thewayinwhichfloodsfeedanimals.B．Thebenefitsoffloodstoecosystems.C．Aneffectivemeansofimprovingsoil.D．Thereasonforpeople'sappreciatingfloods.（4）What'sthebesttitleofthisarticle？A．TheManyEffectsofFlooding.B．TheSecretofFlooding.C．Floods﹣NotEverythingIsSoBad.D．Floods﹣aPartofNature.3．（2024秋•新郑市校级期中）Asbirthorderisclearlyoneofthemanyfactorsthataffectdevelopment，weshouldpaymuchattentiontoit.Bigbrothersandsistersusuallydevelopleadershipearlyinlife，mainlybecauseoftheresponsibilitiesforyoungerchildrengiventothembytheirparents.Thedanger，expertsonfamilyandchildpsychologyreport，isthatiftheolderchildtakesthatroletoanextreme，heorshecanbecomeanoverbearingadult.Studiesofnearly300peoplehavefoundthatfirstbornsareusuallythemoststronglymotivatedtowardachievement.Thisismainlytheresultofparentalexpectations.Researchalsosuggeststhatfirstbornchildrengenerallybecomemoreconservative（保守的）thanotherchildrenbecausetheyreceivemostoftheparentalordersandrules.Usedtocaringforothers，theyaremorelikelytomovetowardsuchleadershipprofessionsasteachingandpolitics.Lesssocialandflexiblebecausetheybecomeaccustomedintheveryearlyyearstoactingalone，theymayhavedifficultymakingclosefriends.Bycontrast，theresearcherssaylaterchildrenaremorelikelytobemorerelaxedandsociablethantheeldestchildbecausetheirparentsaremorerelaxed.However，laterchildrenareoftenlessambitiousandmaybeuncomfortablemakingdecisionsforothers，andwillseekworkthatfitstheirneeds.Thismayhelpexplainwhyyoungerchildrentendtofavorthecreativefieldssuchasmusic，art，andwriting.Laterchildrenmaymakegoodsellersbecausepersuasionmayhavebeentheonlytooltheyhadtodealwitholderchildren.Youngerchildrentendtoremainforever"thebaby"enjoyabletobearound，butattimestoodependentonothers.（1）Theunderlinedword"overbearing"inthefirstparagraphmeans.A．tryingtomakeotherpeopleobeywithoutregardfortheirideasorfeelingsB．beingunabletoexpresswhatonereallyfeelsortodowhatonereallywantsC．favoringtheestablishedorderofsocietyandnotlikingchangeD．changingeasilytoadapttonewneeds，conditionsorideas（2）Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatayoungerchildismorelikelytobeagood.A．librarianB．doctorC．writerD．teacher（3）Laterchildrenmaybecomegoodsellersbecausethey.A．feeluneasywhenmakingdecisionsforotherpeopleB．areverygoodatpersuadingothersC．havegreatambitiontodevelopleadershipD．aremorerelaxedandsociable（4）What'sthebesttitleofthispassage？A．WhichIsBetter：BeingtheEldestortheYoungest？B．BirthOrderFactorinMarriageC．TheRelationbetweenBirthOrderandJobSuccessD．EffectsofBirthOrderonOne'sPersonality4．（2023秋•东台市期末）Everytimeyourfingerstouchyourcellphone，theyleavebehindtraceofamountsofchemicals.Andeachchemicalofferscluestoyouandyouractivities.Bystudyingthem，scientistsmightbeabletopiecetogetherastoryaboutyourrecentlife，anewstudyfinds.Amolecule（分子）isagroupofatoms.Itrepresentsthesmallestamountofsomechemicals.Yourskiniscoveredinmoleculespickedupbyeverythingyoutouched.Witheachnewthingyourskincontacts，youleavebehindsomesmallshareofwhatit'dtouchedearlier.ResearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia，SanDiego（UCSD）recentlystudiedsuchchemicalleftoversonthephonesof39volunteers.ThestudywasledbybiochemistAminaBouslimani.Toexplorethoseresidues（剩余物），theUCSDteamwipedthesurfaceofeachvolunteer'sphonewithacottonswab（药签）.Thescientistsalsoswabbedeachperson'srighthand.Thentheresearcherscomparedthechemicalsfoundoneachcellphone.Thescientistsdiscoveredasmanyofthemoleculesastheycould.Theythencomparedthosetoadatabaseofchemicals.PieterDorrestein，aUCSDpharmaceuticalchemist，hadhelpedsetupthatdatabaseafewyearsearlier，whichcontainsvarioussubstances，includingspices，caffeineandmedicines.Tracesofeverythingfromhundredstothousandsofdifferentmoleculesturneduponeachphone.Themoleculessuggestedwhathadbeeninthebody，andwhateachpersonhadhandledbeforetouchingthephone.Fromallthesemolecules，Bouslimanisays，"Wecouldtellifapersonislikelyfemale，useshigh﹣endcosmetics（化妆品），colorsherhair，drinkscoffee，prefersbeeroverwineorlikesspicyfood."Policealreadyusemolecularanalysestolookfortracesofexplosivesorillegaldrugs.Todate，Dorresteinsays，he'sneverheardofpoliceusingphoneresiduestonarrowdownbehaviourcluestosearchforasuspect.Butdetectivesmightonedayusesuchdatatotrackdownsomeonewholeftaphonebehindatacrimescene.（1）Bystudyingtheresiduesonthephone，wecanconcludeitsuser's.A．personalityB．lifestyleC．appearanceD．intelligence（2）Whatwasthefirstthingtheresearchershadtodoforthestudy？A．Comparingdifferentchemicals.B．Hiringvolunteerswithcellphones.C．Collectingdifferentkindsofphones.D．Buildingadatabasecontainingchemicals.（3）What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardstheapplicationoftheresearchfinding？A．Doubtful.B．Disappointed.C．Positive.D．Uninterested.（4）Whatshouldbethebesttitleforthetext？A．CellPhonesWillBeUsedinMoreFields.B．MoleculesAreUsedtoSearchforIllegalDrugs.C．YourPhoneMayBeHometoVariousChemicals.D．FingersLeaveCluesAboutYouonYourPhone.三．信息匹配（共1小题）5．（2022•南京模拟）MarsistrulyafascinatingplanetforthoseofushereonEarth.（1）ItisabouthalfasbigasEarthandisoftenreferredtoastheRedPlanetbecauseofitsredsurface.TheRedPlanethasthelargestvolcanointhesolarsystem﹣OlympusMons.（2）That'saboutthreetimestheheightofMountQomolangma.Marsalsohasanatmosphere，butitisverythinandmadeupmostlyofcarbondioxide.BecauseofitsthinatmosphereandgreaterdistancefromtheSun，MarsismuchcolderthanEarth.（3）TheduststormsofMarscangrowsobigthatsometimestheyblankettheentireplanetandlastformonths.ThepolesonMarsarealotlikeAntarctica，cappedbyice，butmuchofMars'siceismadefromcarbondioxide，notwater.ScientistsbelievethatstudyingMarscanhelpanswersomeofthekeyquestionsaboutourplanetEarth，oreventheuniverse.（4）Since1960，morethanhalfofallattemptedMarsmissionshavefailed.TheUSA，Russia，theEuropeanSpaceAgency，andseveralothercountrieshavelostmanyspacecraftintheirquesttoexploretheRedPlanet.Nevertheless，theywillstillcontinuetheirexplorations.ChineseexpertsareconfidentabouttheirplantoexploreMars，inspiteofthemanychallenges.ThefirstMarsunmannedspacecraftwaslaunchedfromWenchangaround2020.Butitisonlythebeginningofdeepvoyagesintoouterspace.（5）A.Itisroughly27kilometreshigh.B.MissionstoMarshaveneverbeeneasy.C.Mars，however，todayhasnoactivevolcanoes.D.Thetemperatureattheplanet'ssurfacevarieswidely.E.However，Marsdoeshaveweather，withcloudsandwinds.F.Chinawillcontinuetoexplorethemysteriesoftheuniverse.G.Itisoneofthefewplanetsthatwecanseewithourowneyes.四．语法填空（共1小题）6．（2023秋•揭东区期末）Withtherapidextinctionofmanywildspecies，moreandmorepeoplecometorealizethegreatimportanceofwildlifeprotection.Wehavetounderstandtheproblemin（1）newlight：weprotectourselvesthroughprotectingwildlife.Ontheonehand，anyspeciesofwildlifehelpstokeeptheecologicalbalance（生态平衡）.（2）onespeciesbecomesextinct，itwilldisappearforever.Whatismore，itwillresult（3）theextinctionofachainofwildlife，whichmayleadtounpredictabledisasters.Ontheotherhand，themodernscienceandtechnologymakes（4）possibleforustolearnmoreaboutwildlife.Bynow，scientists（5）（find）thatwildlifehasunknowngeneticcodes（遗传密码），whichmayturnout（6）（free）humanbeingsfromseriousdiseasesand（7）（nature）disastersinthefuture.Itisnecessaryforustoprotectwildlife（8）（immediate）beforeitistoolate，althoughmanhasalreadypollutedtheenvironmentandthreatenedthe（9）（exist）ofmanywildspecies.Let'stakeactiontoprotectwildlife.（10）（learn）toliveinharmonywithallwildlifeispartofmoderncivilization.五．翻译题（共5小题）7．（2024•崇明区二模）毫无疑问，这个历史小镇已成为了很多游客追捧的旅游胜地。（doubt）8．（2024•徐汇区一模）与我个人的成长经历相比，这个西北小村庄的发展更加令人感动。（compare）9．（2024春•电白区校级期中）ItwasagoodconcertandIenjoyedthelastsong（尤其，特别）．10．（2023秋•西城区期末）以前他们经常一起去爬山。（usedto）11．（2023秋•无锡期末）均衡的饮食和有规律的生活对我们的健康至关重要。（beofvitalimportanceto）六．书面表达（共2小题）12．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Thehobbyisagoodthingapersongetsfromchildhood.Itcanbedevelopedatanyage；however，it'sbesttogetitfromchildhood.Wealldosomekindofworkaccordingtoourinterestwhichcangiveushappinessandjoyandthatiscalledhobbies.Somepeoplegetdifferenthobbiesaccordingtotheirinterest，likesanddislikes.Therearemanytypesofhobbieswecandevelopsuchasdancing，singing，drawing，playingindoororoutdoorgames，birdwatching，writing，eating，reading，sports，gardening，music，watchingTV，cooking，talking.Ourhobbieshelpusinearningalivelihoodandmakingasuccessfulcareer.Thehobbyissomethingwecanfullyenjoyinourfreetime.Myhobbiesarecooking，listeningtomusicandgardening；however，Ialwaysprefergardening.Gardeningmakesmerelaxedandgivesmemorehappiness.EveryearlymorningIenjoymybloominggarden，growingplantsslowlyonadailybasis.Ialsoenjoysunriseandsunsetinmygarden.Igenerallyliketodomyschoolworkinmyevergreengarden.Iplaybadmintonwithmyfatherintheeveningandenjoytheeveningwalkwithmymom.EverydayIwatchnewplantsdevelopandwatertheplants.Ialsotryplantingnewanddecorativeplantsinmygardeninordertomakeitmorebeautiful.Myparentsalwaysencouragemetocontinueallmyhobbies.TheybecomesohappywhenItakemyproblemsinaneasywayandtrytosolvethemwithoutgettingangryandanxious.Mymomsaysthatgardeningisagoodhobby.FrommychildhoodIworkdailyinmygardenforonehourtokeepitwellmaintained.13．（2023秋•涟源市校级期末）In1989，freshoutofhighschool，Ihadthedifficulttaskofchoosingacareerpathbeforecollegestartedinthreemonths.InthosedaysinPakistan，therewerelimitedoptions：becomingadoctororanengineer，orenteringthefinancialworldaftergettingabusinessdegree.Iwasn'tinterestedinengineering，sothatIwasleftwithmedicineorbusiness.Icouldn'tdecide.Myuncle，aninfluentialpersoninthefamily，suggestedthatIdoaworkplacementtoexperienceitforamonthinaninternationalcompanyfollowedbyamonthinahospital.Afterthat，Icouldmakeadecision.Itseemedlikeabrilliantidea.Iwasacceptedforamonth'splacementataforeignbankinKarachi.Igotafeelforhowtheworldoffinancefunctioned，madenewfriends，andgenerallyenjoyedthemostlyeasy﹣goingworksurroundings.Themonthpassedrapidly，andsoonIbeganworkingataleadinghospitalinKarachi.Theexperiencecouldn'thavebeenmoredifferent.Thehospitalhadanintenseenvironment.Thedaysstartedearly（at7am，comparedto9amatthebank），andwerefilledwithendlessduties.Andthenightcalls!Thiswascrazy，workingallday，throughthenight，andagainthenextday.Ibeganthinkingaboutmytwoexperiences.Thebankhadofferedamorerelaxingatmosphere，betterworkinghoursandlessstress.Thehospitalwasfullofexcitementandunpredictability，butthestudyingandtrainingwasdifficult.Itseemedthatthebusinessoptionwasgoingtowinout.Neartheendofmymonthatthehospital，Iwasdrivinghomeafteranespeciallybusynightcall.Infrontofmewasapublicbus，withcollegestudentssittingonthetop.Asthedriverweavedthrough（穿梭）traffic，Icouldseetheboysshakingfromsidetoside.Paragraph1：Suddenly，aboyfelloffthebackofthebus._______Paragraph2：Thenextday，whenIwenttohospitaltoseetheboy，allhisfamilygotup，withgratefulsmilesontheirfaces._______

2024-2025学年外研社版高二（上）英语寒假作业（十一）参考答案与试题解析一．完形填空（共1小题）1．（2022秋•仁寿县校级期末）MywifeandImovedintoourhometwoyearsago．Wehadayardwithalotof（1）D．Veryoftenwhenwehaveflowers，DeniseorIwouldplantsomebetweentherocks，justtoaddsome（2）Ctothearea．Lastsummer，IfoundatinylittleplantintheyardthatIcouldnotimmediatelyidentify．IknewIdidn'tplantitandDenisesaidshedidn'teither．Wedecidedtoletit（3）Bgrowinguntilwecouldfindoutwhatitwas．WeekspassedandasImademywaybacktothe（4）Bplant，itappearedtobeasunflower．Idecidedto（5）Ctheweeds（杂草）aroundit．AsIpulledrocksfromtheareatogettotheweeds，Inoticedsomething（6）A．Thesunflowerhadnot（7）BwhereIsawitbegin．Itactuallyhadbegununderabigrockandgrownunderandaroundittoreachthe（8）C．That'swhenI（9）Bthatifatinylittlesunflowerdidn'tletabigrockstandinitswayofdeveloping，wetoohavetheabilityofdoingthesamething．Ifwe（10）Dourselveslikethatlittlesunflower，wecanreachwherewe（11）Ctogoandgetwhatweneedforgrowth．Weneedtobelieveinourselvesknowingwehavethe（12）Ctoachieveourgoals．Likethesunflower，itknewithadtheabilitytogetovertherocksbecauseithad（13）Ainitselfthatitwouldsucceed．Standtalllikethesunflowerandbe（14）Cofwhoandwhatweare，andthentheenvironmentwillbeginto（15）Bus．Wewillfindawaytogounderoraroundany"rocks"inordertoreachourgoals．（1）A．flowerB．insectsC．vegetablesD．rocks（2）A．waterB．fertilizerC．colorD．shape（3）A．stopB．continueC．improveD．escape（4）A．weakB．strangeC．lonelyD．pretty（5）A．collectB．tendC．removeD．watch（6）A．unusualB．wonderfulC．terribleD．valuable（7）A．passedB．startedC．leftD．died（8）A．airB．topC．sunD．house（9）A．hopedB．realizedC．doubtedD．regretted（10）A．fillinB．putinC．worryaboutD．believein（11）A．forgetB．hateC．aimD．wait（12）A．wishB．planC．abilityD．idea（13）A．faithB．energyC．virtueD．courage（14）A．awareB．afraidC．proudD．tired（15）A．forgiveB．supportC．upsetD．affect【答案】（1）﹣（5）DCBBC（6）﹣（10）ABCBD（11）﹣（15）CCACB【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过介绍自己院子里面顽强生长的向日葵悟出一个道理：如果我们相信自己，我们可以克服一切困难。【解答】（1）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.flower花；B.insects昆虫；C.vegetables蔬菜；D.rocks岩石。句意：我们有一个院子，院子里有很多石头。从下一句话"DeniseorIwouldplantsomebetweentherocks"可知院子里有很多石头。所以选D。（2）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.water水；B.fertilizer肥料；C.color颜色；D.shape形状。句意：只是为了给这个区域增加一些颜色。种一些花朵为了给院子增添一些色彩。所以选C.（3）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.stop停止；B.continue继续；C.improve提高；D.escape逃跑。句意：我们决定让它继续生长，直到我们能弄清楚它是什么。从后文"untilwecouldfindoutwhatitwas"可知作者想让它继续生长。所以选B。（4）B.考查形容词及语境理解。A.weak虚弱的；B.strange奇怪的；C.lonely孤单的；D.pretty漂亮的。句意：几个星期过去了，当我返回到那株奇怪的植物时，它看起来是一株向日葵。到目前为止作者还不知道它究竟是一种什么植物，所以选B。（5）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.collect收集；B.tend照顾；C.remove去除；D.watch观察。句意：我决定清除它周围的杂草。从下文的"AsIpulledrocksfromtheareatogettotheweeds，"可知作者要除草。所以选C。（6）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.unusual不寻常的；B.wonderful精彩的；C.terrible可怕的；D.valuable有价值的。句意：当我把石头从这个地区移到杂草上的时候，我注意到一些不寻常的事情。从下文可知，向日葵并没有生长在我最开始发现它的位置，这件事是不寻常的。所以选A。（7）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.passed通过；B.started开始；C.left离开；D.died死。句意：向日葵并没有在我看到它开始的地方开始生长。根据Itactuallyhadbegununderabigrockandgrownunderandaroundittoreachthe8.可知向日葵并没有生长在我最开始发现它的位置，start表示"开始生长"。所以选B。（8）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.air空气；B.top顶端；C.sun阳光；D.house房子。句意：它实际上是从一块大石头下面开始的，在石头下面和周围生长，以接触到阳光。向日葵是朝向太阳生长的。所以选C。（9）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.hoped希望；B.realized意识到；C.doubted怀疑；D.regretted后悔。句意：就在那时，我意识到，如果﹣株小小的向日葵不让一块大石头挡住它成长的道路，我们也有能力做同样的事情。以下是作者意识到的内容，通过这件事情获得的人生感悟。所以选B。（10）D.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.fillin填写；B.putin放入；C.worryabout担心；D.believein相信。句意：如果我们像那棵小向日葵一样相信自己，我们就能达到我们的目标，得到我们成长所需要的东西。作者认为如果我们也能像这株向日葵一样充满信心，与下文的"Weneedtobelieveinourselvesknowingwehavethetoachieveourgoals，"相呼应。所以选D。（11）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.forget忘记；B.hate讨厌；C.aim旨在；D.wait等待。句意：如果我们像那棵小向日葵一样相信自己，我们就能达到我们的目标，得到我们成长所需要的东西。最后一段作者提到"Wewillfindawaytogounderoraroundany"rocks"inordertoreachourgoals."所以是达到我们的目标。所以选C。（12）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.wish希望；B.plan计划；C.ability能力；D.idea主意。句意：我们需要相信自己，知道我们有能力实现我们的目标。havetheabilitytodosth.表示有能力做某事，下文"itknewithadtheabilitytogetovertherocks"有提示可知，我们有能力实现我们的目标。所以选C。（13）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.faith信念；B.energy能量；C.virtue美德；D.courage勇气。句意：就像向日葵一样，它知道自己有能力越过岩石，因为它相信自己会成功。havefaithin相信，与前文提到的"Weneedtobelieveinourselvesknowingwehavethetoachieveourgoals."相呼应。所以选A。（14）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.aware意识到的；B.afraid害怕的；C.proud骄傲的；D.tired疲倦的。句意：像向日葵一样挺直腰杆，为自己感到骄傲，然后环境就会开始支持我们。像向日葵一样挺拔，为自己而感到自豪。所以选C。（15）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.forgive原谅；B.support支持；C.upset打乱；D.affect影响。句意：像向日葵一样挺直腰杆，为自己感到骄傲，然后环境就会开始支持我们。周围的环境和事物也会开始对我们有所帮助。所以选B。【点评】近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，综合难度不断提高。做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词得当，意思正确。二．阅读理解（共3小题）2．（2024•湖南学业考试）Riversareveryimportant.Humansrelyonthemforfoodandwater.Butriverscandestroythings，too.Theycanflood，orriseovertheirbanks，makingthewaterrunintothenearbyland.Floodscanalsokillhumansandwildlife.However，floodsarenotalwaysbad.Someecosystemsneedthemeveryonceinawhile.Floodingcannotonlydrownanimalsbutalsodestroyhabitats.Forexample，afloodinIndiain2012killedmanyone﹣hornedrhinos.Floodwaterscanpickupdirtfromriverbanks，whichmakesthewaterdirty.Toomuchdirtwillclogriversandstreams，preventingtheriverfromflowing.Sometimesfloodwaterscancarrypollutiontotheseaandharmmarinelife.Inaddition，floodwaterscancarrydisease，includinghepatitisAandcholera.However，noteverythingaboutfloodsisbad.Sometimestheybringnewlifetoecosystems.Floodwaterscarrynutrientstothenearbyland.Overtime，thewaterdriesupandleavesbehindparticles（微粒）ofdirtandmud.Theparticlesarecalledsediment（沉淀物）whichcanbegoodduetoitsabilitytoimprovethedirtandhelpsplantsgrow.Floodsareimportanttosomeanimalsaswell.Forinstance，someanimalsseefloodsasasignthatitistimetomateormigrate.Floodsleavesedimentonriverbedswherebabyfishcangrowandcarrynutrientsforsmallanimalsinthewatertoeat.Moreover，indryseasons，watermightdryup，butfloodshelprefillthewetlands，keepingtheecosystemgoing.Floodsareapartofnature.Theycandestroylivingthingsandtheenvironment.Butsomeecosystemsneedfloodstosurvive.（1）What'sthepossiblemeaningoftheunderlinedword"clog"inparagraph2？CA．Become.B．Pollute.C．Block.D．Develop.（2）Howdofloodshelpecosystems？AA．Nutrientscarriedbyfloodscanmakesoilricher.B．Floodsmakealltheanimalsmigratemoreeasily.C．Tinyfishgoingwithfloodsfeedsomeanimals.D．Floodscanimprovethedirtandhelpplantsgrow.（3）What'sthemainideaofparagraph3？BA．Thewayinwhichfloodsfeedanimals.B．Thebenefitsoffloodstoecosystems.C．Aneffectivemeansofimprovingsoil.D．Thereasonforpeople'sappreciatingfloods.（4）What'sthebesttitleofthisarticle？DA．TheManyEffectsofFlooding.B．TheSecretofFlooding.C．Floods﹣NotEverythingIsSoBad.D．Floods﹣aPartofNature.【答案】CABD【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作为大自然的一部分，洪水对于生态系统既有好处也有坏处。【解答】（1）C.词义猜测题。根据文章第二段Floodwaterscanpickupdirtfromriverbanks，whichmakesthewaterdirty.（洪水会从河岸上吸收泥土，从而使水变脏。）以及Toomuchdirtwillclogriversandstreams，preventingtheriverfromflowing.（太多的泥土会clog河流和溪流，阻止河水流淌。）可知，洪水会沿途吸收泥土，而太多的泥土会堵塞河道，以至于河水流淌出现困难。由此可推测此处的clog的意思应该是"堵塞"。A.Become成为；B.Pollute污染；C.Block堵塞；D.Develop发展。故选C项。（2）A.细节理解题。根据文章第三段However，noteverythingaboutfloodsisbad.Sometimestheybringnewlifetoecosystems.Floodwaterscarrynutrientstothenearbyland.Overtime，thewaterdriesupandleavesbehindparticles（微粒）ofdirtandmud.Theparticlesarecalledsediment（沉淀物）whichcanbegoodduetoitsabilitytoimprovethedirtandhelpsplantsgrow.（然而，洪水并非一无是处。有时它们会给生态系统带来新的生命。洪水把营养物质带到附近的土地上。随着时间的推移，水会干涸，留下灰尘和泥土的颗粒。这些颗粒被称为沉积物，它可以很好地改善土壤，帮助植物生长。）可知，洪水沿途所携带的营养物质可以使土壤更丰富，从而更好地帮助生态系统。故选A项。（3）B.段落大意题。根据文章第三段However，noteverythingaboutfloodsisbad.Sometimestheybringnewlifetoecosystems.（然而，洪水并非一无是处。有时它们会给生态系统带来新的生命。）以及Floodsareimportanttosomeanimalsaswell.（洪水对一些动物也很重要。）"以及"Moreover，indryseasons，watermightdryup，butfloodshelprefillthewetlands，keepingtheecosystemgoing.（此外，在旱季，水可能会干涸，但洪水有助于为湿地补充水分，保持生态系统继续运转。）可知文章第三段主要讲的是洪水对于生态系统的好处。故选B项。（4）D.标题归纳题。通读全文可以看到文章前两段主要讲洪水对于生态系统的不利的方面，第三段主要讲洪水对于生态系统的益处，文章最后一段Floodsareapartofnature.Theycandestroylivingthingsandtheenvironment.Butsomeecosystemsneedfloodstosurvive.（洪水是自然的一部分。它们可以破坏生物和环境。但一些生态系统需要洪水才能生存下来。）总结全文，点明主题——洪水是大自然的一部分。所以"洪水是大自然的一部分"作为标题最合适。故选D项。【点评】做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。3．（2024秋•新郑市校级期中）Asbirthorderisclearlyoneofthemanyfactorsthataffectdevelopment，weshouldpaymuchattentiontoit.Bigbrothersandsistersusuallydevelopleadershipearlyinlife，mainlybecauseoftheresponsibilitiesforyoungerchildrengiventothembytheirparents.Thedanger，expertsonfamilyandchildpsychologyreport，isthatiftheolderchildtakesthatroletoanextreme，heorshecanbecomeanoverbearingadult.Studiesofnearly300peoplehavefoundthatfirstbornsareusuallythemoststronglymotivatedtowardachievement.Thisismainlytheresultofparentalexpectations.Researchalsosuggeststhatfirstbornchildrengenerallybecomemoreconservative（保守的）thanotherchildrenbecausetheyreceivemostoftheparentalordersandrules.Usedtocaringforothers，theyaremorelikelytomovetowardsuchleadershipprofessionsasteachingandpolitics.Lesssocialandflexiblebecausetheybecomeaccustomedintheveryearlyyearstoactingalone，theymayhavedifficultymakingclosefriends.Bycontrast，theresearcherssaylaterchildrenaremorelikelytobemorerelaxedandsociablethantheeldestchildbecausetheirparentsaremorerelaxed.However，laterchildrenareoftenlessambitiousandmaybeuncomfortablemakingdecisionsforothers，andwillseekworkthatfitstheirneeds.Thismayhelpexplainwhyyoungerchildrentendtofavorthecreativefieldssuchasmusic，art，andwriting.Laterchildrenmaymakegoodsellersbecausepersuasionmayhavebeentheonlytooltheyhadtodealwitholderchildren.Youngerchildrentendtoremainforever"thebaby"enjoyabletobearound，butattimestoodependentonothers.（1）Theunderlinedword"overbearing"inthefirstparagraphmeansA.A．tryingtomakeotherpeopleobeywithoutregardfortheirideasorfeelingsB．beingunabletoexpresswhatonereallyfeelsortodowhatonereallywantsC．favoringtheestablishedorderofsocietyandnotlikingchangeD．changingeasilytoadaptto