03-选择性必修第四册Unit-1基础练习(人教版2019)

2023年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(人教版2019)选择性必修第四册Unit1基础知识强化练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Wuhan__________(declare)temporaryoutbound(向外的)trafficrestrictions.2.Remember,evenworldchampionathletespracticetheirskillsonaconsistent__________(base).3.Together,thesedeephuman__________(urge)countformuchmorethanambition.4.The__________(explode)hadleftaholemorethanfortymilesacross—muchtoohugetobeseenfromanywhereatgroundlevel.5.__________(calculate)biologicalage,ProfessorLevineatYaleUniversityidentifiedninebiomarkers(生物标志)thatseemedtobethemostinfluentialonlifespanbyasimplebloodtest.

Ⅱ.完成句子1._____________________theonce-ruinedplacehasnowbeenturnedintoabeautifulschool,fulloflife.

真令人惊奇的是曾经被毁坏的地方已经变成了一所充满生机的美丽的学校。2.Youwillbesurprisedtofindthattheywill_____________________.

你会吃惊地发现,它们更像是人类而不是机器。3.Believeitornot,you_____________________.

信不信由你,你一定会渴望得到这样绝妙的家用机器人。III.语法填空Arobotusedforhousework1.___________(test)outinafamily.Helookedlikeatallandhandsomemanwithsmoothhair,2.___________(speak)inadeepvoice.Larrywasgoingtobeawayfromhomesohehiredsucharobottoaccompany3.___________wifeClaire.Clairedidn’tliketheideaatthe4.___________(begin),butsheagreedtoitatlast.AtherfirstsightofTony,Clairewasalarmed.WhenTonyofferedtohelpherdressing,Clairefeltembarrassed.

5.___________(gradual),TonybegantowinClaire’strust.HehelpedClairerealizeherdreamsbymakingherhomeelegant,givingheranewhaircut,changingthemake-upsheworeandgivingheradviceonherdresses.6.___________,atthepartyalltheguests7.___________wereinvitedwerefilledwith8.___________(admire)whentheysawherhousewas9.___________(complete)changed.Afterthetest,thecompanywassatisfiedwithTony’sreport10.___________hehadsuccessfullymadeawomanregainherconfidence.IV.阅读理解ALevisonWoodisattheSteveBikoAcademicHospital(SBAH)where,in2018,theOfficeofHealthStandardsawardedtheinstitutionthehighesthonorforitsqualityofpatientcareandaccesstohealthcareprofessionals.AspartoftheUniversityofPretoria,SBAHisacenterforworld-classsurgeonsandresearchers—andwhereLevisonmeetsProfessorMashuduTshifularo.ProfessorTshifularowhohasperformedtheworld’sfirstmiddleeartransplant(移植)using3DprintedbonestellsLevison:“Thiswasnotanovernightbreakthrough—it’stheresultof10years’investinginresearchandstate-of-the-arthealth-tech.Investmentin3Dprintinghasmassivepotential—wehavemadehistoryhereinSouthAfrica—anditissettocontinue.”AccordingtoMcKinsey&Company,theestimated(估计的)economicimpactof3Dprintingis$100—$250billionby2025,iftoday’srateofadoptioncontinues.Withthemostpotentialinaerospace(航空航天),auto,consumergoodsandhealthcare,thetechnologiesaremakingaglobalimpact.MedTechDrivesaysthat3Dprintingwillbeacentralpartofallmajorhealthcarebusinesseswithinfivetotenyears.ProfessorTshifularoandhisteamhave3Dprintedinnerearbones.Theprocedurepresentssignificantlyfewerrisesthantraditionalsurgeryandisannouncedasananswertoconductivehearingloss.Andit’snottheprofessor’sonly“world-first”.“WhatIamdoinghere,nobodyelseisdoing,”ProfessorTshifularocontinues.“In2008,Iperformedtheworld’sfirstbloodlessendoscope-assistedtonsillectomy(扁桃体切除手术).Myteamincludesexpertsfromalldisciplines—includingjewelryfields.Theinternationalmedicalcommunitycertainlywillbenefitfromthisknowledgesharingandcreationintheirowncountry.Myresearchintofurtherinnovationisexciting.”1.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphserveas?A.Abackground.B.Acontrast.C.Anexample. D.Acomment.2.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMashuduTshifularo?A.Selflessandconsiderate.B.Determinedandhumorous.C.Creativeanddevoted.D.Ambitiousandmodest.3.Whatcanbelearnedabout3Dprinting?A.ItbringsalargeprofittoSBAH.B.Itisplayingakeyroleinhealthcare.C.Itguaranteessafetyofeartransplants.D.Itwillbeusedinawiderangeoffields.4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.3DPrintingIsChangingtheWorldB.3DPrintingMadeHistorybyTshifularoC.ABigBreakthrough—3DPrintedEarsD.AHistoricMeeting—LevisonandTshifularoBMomandIwereputtingthefinishingtouchesondinner,andmylittlenieceJessicacameintosetthetable.Insteadofgoingtothedishcabinet,shewentintothepantrywheretherewasastackofold,mismatcheddinnerplatesonthebottomshelf.Whenshehadsetallsixplates,shestoodbackandsighed,“Oh,Grandma,yourplatesaresobeautiful.Oursareallalike!”Wehadagoodlaughatherinnocentremark,butasIthinkbacktoallthoseyearsago,Ibelieveshewasright.Thoseplateswerebeautiful.Momworkedforthelocalcouncilonagingasahousekeeper.Shedidmanyofthelittlethingsthatallowedelderlypeopletostayintheirownhomes.MostofherclientsgotMealsonWheels,aserviceinthe1970s.Theyreceivedahotlunchandacoldsnacktohavelaterintheevening.Thisisreallynotverymuchfood.EveryeveningMomwouldmaketo-gomealsonthesemismatchedplatescoveredwithaluminumfoil,andthendeliverthemtothepeoplewhosheknewdidn’tgetenoughtoeat.Thiswasabouttenyearsbeforemicrowaveovensbecamecommon,soitwasimportantthatthefoodbeonaplatethatcouldbereheatedinaregularoven.Insteadofacoldsandwichandmacaronisalad,Mom’sclientsdinedonBeefManhattans,pan-friedchickenormeatloaf,alongwithveggiesandapieceofpieorcake.MomandDaddidthisevenafterMomleftherjob,andMomcontinuedafterDad’sdeathuntilallherformerclientshadeitherpassedawayormovedout.WhenIwascleaningourMom’shouseafterherdeath,Ikeptoneasasouvenir(纪念品).Thatplateisasweetreminderofthelessonsofgenerosityandcaringforone’sneighborthatweremodeledformebymyparents.5.Whydidtheauthorthinkthoseplatesbeautiful?A.Theywerenotallalike.B.TheywerelittleJessica’spride.C.Theywerecollectedfromdifferentplaces.D.Theyweresymbolsoftheparents’kindness.6.Whatdidtheauthor’smotherdotoearnalivinginthe1970s?A.Beahousewife.B.RunMealsonWheels.C.Deliverfoodtohouses.D.Dohouseworkfortheold.7.Whydidtheauthor’smothermaketo-gomeals?A.Itwasherjob.B.Shewasgoodatcooking.C.Shewantedtohelpbeyondherduty.D.Herfamilydidn’thaveenoughtoeat.8.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.PlatesofSympathyB.APreciousSouvenirC.ServicesfortheSeniorD.AKind-heartedMotherV.七选五Onetruthaboutmodernlifeisthatnobodyhasanytime.1Solet’stryasimplethoughtexperiment.Imaginethatyoucameintopossessionofamagicalnewsetoftechnologiesthatcouldautomateorpromoteeverysinglepartofyourjob.

2Maybeyou’dpickupahobby,orhavemorechildren,orlearntorelaxandenjoyyourselfintheadditionalleisure.ButwhatifItoldyouthatyouwouldn’tdoanyofthosethings:Youwouldjustworktheexactsameamountoftimeasbefore.

3Buttherearesimplereasonsforthis.

Bettertechnologymeanshigherexpectations—andhigherexpectationscreatemorework.Formostofhistory,humanswereforcedtosufferfromtheirowndirtyandunpleasantsubstances.Mostfamilies’clotheswerewashedtwiceayear.Thefleetofhouseworktechnologiesthatcameintotheworldsuddenlybetweenthelate-19thandmid-20thcenturycreatednewnorms(标准)ofcleanliness-forourfloors,ourclothes,ourselves.4Automaticwashersanddryersraisedourexpectationsforcleanclothesandencouragedpeopletogooutandbuynewshirtsandpants;housewivesthereforehadmoreloadsoflaundrytowash,dry,andfold.

Inshort,technologymadeitmucheasiertocleanahouseto1890sstandards.5Theywantedamodernhome—withdustlesswindowsills(窗台)andshinyfloors—andthisrequireda40-to-50-hourworkweek,evenwiththeassistanceofmoderntools.

A.Youarewastingyourtime.B.Thismightseemimpossible.C.Newnormsmeantmorework.D.Whatwouldyoudowiththeextratime?E.Thatmeansyoucanhavemoretimetorelax.F.Everybodyisbusy,burnedout,andoverloaded.G.Butbymid-century,Americansdidn’twantthatoldhouse.VI.书面表达假定你是李华,是校英语报记者。5月1日,你跟随学校志愿队去阳光敬老院(SunshineNursingHome)开展志愿活动(送水、打扫卫生、聊天等)。作为校报记者,请按以下要求写一篇新闻报道。内容包括:1.介绍时间、地点、人物、活动;2.老人们的反应;3.简要评论。注意:1.词数80个左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3.标题已给出,不计入总词数。VolunteersBroughtSunshinetotheElderly______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案Ⅰ.1.Wuhandeclared(declare)temporaryoutbound(向外的)trafficrestrictions.2.Remember,evenworldchampionathletespracticetheirskillsonaconsistentbasis(base).3.Together,thesedeephumanurges(urge)countformuchmorethanambition.4.Theexplosion(explode)hadleftaholemorethanfortymilesacross—muchtoohugetobeseenfromanywhereatgroundlevel.5.Tocalculate(calculate)biologicalage,ProfessorLevineatYaleUniversityidentifiedninebiomarkers(生物标志)thatseemedtobethemostinfluentialonlifespanbyasimplebloodtest.

Ⅱ.1.It’sreallyamazingthattheonce-ruinedplacehasnowbeenturnedintoabeautifulschool,fulloflife.

2.Youwillbesurprisedtofindthattheywillbemorelikehumansthanmachines.

3.Believeitornot,youareboundtodesiresuchwonderfulhouseholdrobots.

III.Arobotusedforhousework1.wastested(test)outinafamily.Helookedlikeatallandhandsomemanwithsmoothhair,2.speaking(speak)inadeepvoice.Larrywasgoingtobeawayfromhomesohehiredsucharobottoaccompany3.hiswifeClaire.Clairedidn’tliketheideaatthe4.beginning(begin),butsheagreedtoitatlast.AtherfirstsightofTony,Clairewasalarmed.WhenTonyofferedtohelpherdressing,Clairefeltembarrassed.

5.Gradually(gradual),TonybegantowinClaire’strust.HehelpedClairerealizeherdreamsbymakingherhomeelegant,givingheranewhaircut,changingthemake-upsheworeandgivingheradviceonherdresses.6.Therefore,atthepartyalltheguests7.whowereinvitedwerefilledwith8.admiration(admire)whentheysawherhousewas9.completely(complete)changed.Afterthetest,thecompanywassatisfiedwithTony’sreport10.becausehehadsuccessfullymadeawomanregainherconfidence.IV.A【文章大意】文章讲述了ProfessorTshifularo和他的团队的举世瞩目的成就——利用3D打印的中耳骨成功进行了移植手术,以及3D打印技术的前景。1.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段可知,Levison在SBAH会见ProfessorTshifularo,以及SBAH的一些情况,紧接着下文再具体介绍ProfessorTshifularo的成就,故可知第一段起到了背景介绍的作用。2.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段中的“whohasperformedtheworld’sfirstmiddleeartransplantusing3Dprintedbones”,第四段中“Andit’snottheprofessor’sonly“world-first”和第五段中“WhatIamdoinghere,nobodyelseisdoing,”可知,ProfessorTshifularo利用3D打印技术打印的骨骼进行了中耳移植手术,做了其他人未做的事,创造了不止一个世界第一,故可知他富有创新精神;再结合第二段中“Thiswasnotanovernightbreakthrough—it’stheresultof10years’investinginresearchandstate-of-the-arthealth-tech”可知ProfessorTshifularo热衷于自己的研究。故选C。3.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段中“Withthemostpotentialinaerospace,auto,consumergoodsandhealthcare,thetechnologiesaremakingaglobalimpact.MedTechDrivesaysthat3Dprintingwillbeacentralpartofallmajorhealthcarebusinesseswithinfivetotenyears.”可知,3D打印技术还可以应用到航空航天、汽车、消费品和医疗保健等领域,即3D技术会在很多领域有广泛应用。4.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章讲述了ProfessorTshifularo和他的团队的举世瞩目的成就——利用3D打印的中耳骨成功进行了移植手术,以及3D打印技术的前景,因此B项为最佳标题。B【文章大意】本文属于记叙文。作者由家中的旧盘子回忆到母亲曾经的无私助人。这些盘子对于作者来说意义特殊,它们提醒着作者要为人慷慨、关心邻居。5.【解析】选D。推理判断题。第二段提到“butasIthinkbacktoallthoseyearsago,Ibelieveshewasright.Thoseplateswerebeautiful.”以及最后一段提到“Thatplateisasweetreminderofthelessonsofgenerosityandcaringforone’sneighborthatweremodeledformebymyparents.”说明这个盘子蕴含着特殊的意义,由此可知,作者认为那些盘子很漂亮是因为它们是父母慷慨和善良的象征。6.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Momworkedforthelocalcouncilonagingasahousekeeper.Shedidmanyofthelittlethingsthatallowedelderlypeopletostayintheirownhomes.”可知,作者的母亲是一名管家,她是靠为老年人做家务来谋生的,故选D。7.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段中“EveryeveningMomwouldmaketo-gomealsonthesemismatchedplatescoveredwithaluminumfoil,andthendeliverthemtothepeoplewhosheknewdidn’tgetenoughtoeat.”可知,母亲做便当是带给那些吃不饱的人,虽然这超出了她的职责所在,但是她仍想帮助那些吃不饱饭的人,故选C。8.【解析】选A。主旨大意题。本文由作者的侄女夸奖母亲的盘子漂亮开始叙述这些盘子的用途和其背后的故事。虽然这些盘子很陈旧,很不匹配,但是作者认为它们很漂亮,这是由于这些盘子背后那些感人的故事赋予了这些盘子特殊的意义,这些盘子代表了作者的父母对邻居的慷慨和关心,为后辈做出了榜样。盘子的线索贯穿始终,故选A。V.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。不像我们想象的那样,科技的发展并没有给我们带来更多休闲时间。1.【解析】选F。由空前句“nobodyhasanytime”可知,现代人忙忙碌碌,没有空闲时间。所以此空应该为语义衔接,故选F。2.【解析】选