高考语法【知识精研】虚拟语气课件-高三英语上学期二轮复习专项

高考语法----虚拟语气学习目标01.了解虚拟语气的分类02.了解并掌握各类虚拟语气的特点03.能够在语境中判断虚拟语气的种类及是否需要虚拟04.写作PARTONE了解虚拟语气的分类了解虚拟语气的分类①

表要求，建议，命令等词汇后所加从句中的虚拟②

情态动词的一些表达虚拟的用法③

跟在wish,asif/though,ifonly及wouldrather后的虚拟④

If所引导的条件状语从句及主句中涉及的各类虚拟Without,butfor,otherwise等引导的虚拟PARTTWO了解并掌握各类虚拟语气的特点一：表要求，建议，命令等词汇后所加从句中的虚拟要求：ask,require,request,demand建议：suggest,advice,recommend,propose命令：order,command其他：insist,desire,urgethat+S+shoulddo/bedone表要求，建议，命令等词汇后所加从句中的虚拟这类动词后面所加从句多为表达说话者对他人的要求，建议，命令，愿望等，所说的事件均未发生（所以应特别注意suggest意为表明或者暗示时，及insist表达对已发生事件看法时，均不需要采用此类虚拟。Eg:Herpalefacesuggestedthatshewasill.Heinsistedthathegottheinformationfromareliablesource.）根据提示填空①Isuggestthatshe_________________(take)thecourse.②Hedemandedthatallthework___________________byFriday.③Heurgedthatwe________________(delete)thephotosastheywerespreadillegally.④Muminsistedourhands_______________________(wash)beforeeatingthemeal.一：表要求，建议，命令等词汇后所加从句中的虚拟shouldtakeshouldbedoneshoulddeleteshouldbewashed一：表要求，建议，命令等词汇后所加从句中的虚拟观察以下句子，得出你的结论：①Itismysuggestionthatsheshouldtakethecourse.②Itissuggestedthatsheshouldtakethecourse.③ItisdemandedthatalltheworkshouldbedonebyFriday.④Itisinsistedthatweshouldwashourhandsbeforemeal.你的结论：以上动词的各种词性变化（名词，形容词）后加从句_______________.再认真观察以上四个句子，它们是Itis/was+n/adj.+从句的结构，Itisapitythatheshouldbesostupid.Itisnecessarythatheshouldattendthemeeting.that+S+shoulddo/bedone一：表要求，建议，命令等词汇后所加从句中的虚拟这个句式中的一个特例是“该是做……的时候了”Itis(about/high)timethatsbItistimethatyoushouldgetdowntostudy.Itistimethatyougotdowntostudy.Itistimethatyou___________________________(go)tobed.shouldgo/went二：跟在wish,asif/though,ifonly及wouldrather后从句的虚拟这类虚拟中，从句谓语的时态要根据对所虚拟事件的时间进行改变，原则上是往后退一个时间的时态1.对将来的虚拟变成过去将来时，如will

would，can

could2.对现在的虚拟，变成过去式，如do/does

did，is/am/are

were3.对过去的虚拟，变成过去完成时，如did

haddone（注意：wouldrather所加从句对现在和将来的虚拟，统一用过去式，对过去的虚拟用过去完成时）二：跟在wish,asif/though,ifonly及wouldrather后从句的虚拟①HowIwishthatIcouldattendyourwedding.ItisapitythatIshouldbeonameetingthen.②IwishIwerenothere.Lookhowridiculoustheyare!③IwishIhadnottoldhimthetruth.Heisveryupsetnow.二：跟在wish,asif/though,ifonly及wouldrather后从句的虚拟尝试对以下句子进行虚拟：①Heactsasifhe_____________(be)amillionaireinaminute!②Don'ttalkasifyou________(be)mymum.③Heactedasifhe____________(be)onthespotandwitnessedeverything.④IfonlyI_______(have)wingsandcouldfly!⑤IfonlyI________________(nottell)himthetruth.Lookhowupsetheisnow!wouldbewerehadbeenhadhadn’ttold二：跟在wish,asif/though,ifonly及wouldrather后从句的虚拟尝试对以下句子进行虚拟：⑥IfonlyI________________(attend)yourwedding!WhydoIhavetotakeanexamthen?⑦Iamsobusyatthemoment.Iwouldratheryou_____________(come)tomorrow.⑧IwouldratherI_________________(nottell)himthetruth.Hewasveryupsetnow.couldattendcamehadn’ttold三、If所引导的条件状语从句及主句中涉及的各类虚拟（与第二点相似，虚拟时谓语需往后退一个时态）请观察下面的句子：Ifitdoesn'traintomorrow,wewillhaveapicnicinthepark.在if引导的条件句表有可能实现的将来时，从句用__________来表将来。换句话说，一般情况下，if引导的条件句中，从句不会出现will（表意愿除外）。所以在相应的虚拟结构中，从句的时态一般只会出现过去式或者过去完成时。现在时三、If所引导的条件状语从句及主句中涉及的各类虚拟虚拟If引导的从句主句（一定要出现would/could/might等情态动词的过去式）对将来（从句及主句中同一个数字

后面的句子加起来为一个完整的句子）谓语动词用

wereto/did/shoulddo①

Ifitshould/

weretoraintomorrow,②

Ifitrainedtomorrow,③

IfI_________________/____________/_________(notstay)uptonight,

谓语动词用

would(could/might…)do①

thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.②

thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.③

I____________(willnotfinish)myhomeworkand___________(willbe)scoldedbymyteacher.didn’tstaywerenottostayshouldn’tstaywouldn’tfinishwouldbe三、If所引导的条件状语从句及主句中涉及的各类虚拟虚拟If引导的从句主句（一定要出现would/could/might等情态动词的过去式）对现在谓语动词改为

______/_did_①

IfIwereyou,②

IfI_________(benot)here,③

谓语动词用

would(could/might…)do①

Iwouldaccepthisinvitation.②

Iwouldnotseethiswonderfulshow.③

werewerenot三、If所引导的条件状语从句及主句中涉及的各类虚拟虚拟If引导的从句主句（一定要出现would/could/might等情态动词的过去式）对过去谓语动词改为

haddone

①

Ifyouhadlistenedtoyourteacher,②

Ifyou________(work)harder,③

谓语动词用

would(could/might…)+__________①

youwouldhavepassedtheexam.②

you____________(willget)bettermarks.③

havedonehadworkedwouldhavegot三、If所引导的条件状语从句及主句中涉及的各类虚拟虚拟If引导的从句主句（一定要出现would/could/might等情态动词的过去式）混合时态(依据具体虚拟的时态，进行组合)①

Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor,(从句是对过去的虚拟，用_____)②

IfIwereyou,(从句是对现在的虚拟，用过去式)③

Ifyou_________(study)harder,④

IfI_________(know)itwouldbesoboring,⑤

IfI______(be)you,

①

youwouldn'tbeinthehospitalnow.(主句是对现在的虚拟，用______)②

Iwouldhavebeatenhimup.(主句是对过去的虚拟，用wouldhavedone)③

you__________(besitting)inaofficecomfortablynow.④

I__________(notbe)here.⑤

I_______________(beat)himupyesterday.过去完成时woulddohadstudiedwouldbesittinghadknownwouldn’tbewerewouldhavebeaten三、If所引导的条件状语从句及主句中涉及的各类虚拟注意if引导的条件句的虚拟有可能存在的省略倒装（参见倒装）Without,butfor,otherwise等引导的虚拟上面几个短语其实都是if引导的从句的变形，只不过if引导的是从句，而without及butfor是介词，而otherwise前则加一个表事实的句子，但是紧随这三个单词或短语后面的句子沿用的均是上一种情况中主句的虚拟形式，即对现在和将来的虚拟，用would/could/might/shoulddo对过去的虚拟，用would/could/might/shouldhavedoneWithout,butfor,otherwise等引导的虚拟④Withoutair,humancouldn'tsurvive.Iftherewerenotair,humancouldn'tsurvive.⑤Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn'thavepassedtheexam.Ifithadn’tbeenyourhelp,Icouldn'thavepassedtheexam.⑥Butfortherain,thecropswouldhavedied.Ifithadn’tbeenfortherain,thecropswouldhavedied.⑦Hehesitatedforawhile;otherwise,hewouldhavescored.Ifhehadn’thesitated,hewouldhavescored.Without,butfor,otherwise等引导的虚拟完成下列句子①Withoutagoodwife,I____________________(nothave)suchagoodlife.②Withoutenoughexercise,he____________________(notbuild)suchagoodbody.③

Butforhisteachers’help,he____________________(notget)suchgoodmarks.couldn’tlivecouldn’thavebuiltwouldn’thavegot其他种类的情态动词表达的虚拟Couldhavedone意为___________Hecouldhavelentyouahand.Hewasnotbusyanyway.Shouldhavedone意为___________Youshouldhavehandedinyourworkyesterday.Itwasthedueday.Shouldn’thavedone意为___________Youshouldn’thavemadefunofhiminfrontofthewholeclass.Needn’thavedone意为___________Itwasonlyathree-minutewalk.Youneedn’thavetakenthetaxi.本可以本应该本不应该本不需要PARTTHREE虚拟中需要注意的真实情况

虚拟中需要注意的真实情况①Hedidn'tdohishomework,orhismumwouldn'thavebeensoangry.②Butforthefactthatyouareill,Iwouldaskyoutodoitrightnow.PARTFOUR虚拟在读后续写中的使用“要是我没有这么任性就好了