高考英语复习之长难句分析练习题+讲义

高考英语复习之长难句分析（练习题）长难句难在哪儿？（1）长---修饰成分多定语：修饰限定（定语从句/介词短语/非谓语…）状语：附加信息（形容词/副词/介词短语/状语从句/非谓语/with复合结构）同位语、插入语……（2）难---基础知识杂词汇基础：搞不懂语义/分不清词性语法基础：特殊句式（倒装句/强调句/省略句）、分不清各类定语和状语解决方法：长变短！---拆、简化之后再拆解难变易！---练、做练习熟能生巧破解方法：口诀---（1）标连断；（2）定主干；（3）理枝干标点连词先断开——1、，；：——找准谓语锁命脉——2、that,which,where,what,if,though介短非谓和从句——3、找到介词作分隔，到名词（短语）结束定状同位插入语——4、todo/doing/done5、找到连词作分隔，到第二个谓语动词结束6、同位语*缕清逻辑依次排——7、插入语：Ithink,forexample,accordingto,tobehonest,asweknow…实战练习及解析：Supportingthistheory,onestudyfrom2009foundthatchildrenwithattention-deficithyperactivitydisorder(ADHD)werebetterabletoconcentratefollowinga20-minutewalkinthepark,comparedtoa20-minutewalkonthestreetsofawell-kepturbanarea.ADHD:注意力缺陷多动症解析：Supportingthistheory,/onestudy(from2009)found/thatchildren/withattention-deficithyperactivitydisorder(ADHD)werebetterable/toconcentrate/followinga20-minutewalk/inthepark,/comparedtoa20-minutewalk/onthestreets/ofawell-kepturbanarea.参考译文:支持这一理论的是,2009年的一项研究发现,与在整洁的城市区域街道上行走20分钟相比,注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的儿童在公园里行走20分钟后,他们的注意力集中能力有所提高。Havingtravelledthroughthedifficultpathfor30years,Mr.Sivanhasgrownfondofthewildanimalsheencountersonhisdailywalks,goingsofarastosaythatthey'veallbecomehisfriends.解析：Havingtravelled/throughthedifficultpath/for30years,/Mr.Sivanhasgrownfondofthewildanimals（heencounters/）onhisdailywalks,/goingsofarastosay/thatthey'veallbecomehisfriends.）参考译文：经过30年的艰难旅程，Sivan先生已经喜欢上了他每天散步时遇到的野生动物，甚至说这些动物都成了他的朋友。Ithinktherearealotoffixedimagesplacedonthoseexperiencingpoorlifethatdonotactuallycomefromthepeopleexperiencingit.解析：Ithink/（therearealotoffixedimages/（placedonthoseexperiencingpoorlife/thatdonotactuallycomefromthepeopleexperiencingit.）参考译文：我认为，对于那些生活困苦的人，有很多固定的印象实际上并不是来自于他们自己的经历。TheopenletterontheofficialwebsiteoftheFutureofLifeInstitute,co-signedbyexpertssuchasSpaceXCEOElonMuskandcomputerscientistStuartRussellandcallingforsuspendingtrainingartificialintelligencesystemsmorepowerfulthanGPT4,isstillcausingdebate.解析：Theopenletter/（ontheofficialwebsite/oftheFutureofLifeInstitute/,co-signedbyexpertssuchasSpaceXCEOElonMusk/andcomputerscientistStuartRussell/andcallingforsuspendingtrainingartificialintelligencesystemsmorepowerful/thanGPT4/）,isstillcausingdebate.参考译文：未来生命研究所官方网站上的公开信,由包括SpaceX首席执行官埃隆·马斯克和计算机科学家斯图尔特·罗素等专家联名签署,呼吁暂停训练比GPT-4更强大的人工智能系统,这一呼吁仍在引发辩论。TheyfoundthatthereweresimilarassociationsbetweenstickingtoMediterraneandiet(地中海饮食)anddementia(痴呆症)riskinindividualswithhigherandlowergeneticriskforhiscondition,whichmayindicatethatevenforthosewithahighergeneticrisk,havingabetterdietcouldreducethelikelihoodofdevelopingthecondition.解析：Theyfound/（thatthereweresimilarassociations/betweenstickingtoMediterraneandiet(地中海饮食)anddementia(痴呆症)risk/inindividualswithhigherandlowergeneticrisk/forhiscondition）,/whichmayindicate/thatevenforthosewithahighergeneticrisk/,havingabetterdietcouldreducethelikelihoodofdevelopingthecondition.）参考译文：他们发现,无论是遗传风险高或低的个体,坚持地中海饮食与痴呆症风险之间都存在类似的关联,这可能表明即使对于遗传风险较高的人来说,保持更好的饮食习惯也能降低患病的可能性。Studentswhospendtimeteachingwhatthey'velearnedshowbetterunderstandingandabilitytorememberknowledgethanstudentswhosimplyspendthesametimere-studying.解析：Students/whospendtimeteaching/（whatthey'velearned）showbetterunderstandingandability/torememberknowledge/thanstudents/（whosimplyspendthesametimere-studying.）参考译文：与仅仅花相同时间复习的学生相比，花时间教授所学知识的学生表现出更好的理解力和记忆力。Whenrandomobjectswereplacedinboththevirtualandphysicalrooms,thevirtualpairsofparticipantsspentmoretimelookingdirectlyateachotherratherthanlettingtheirlookwanderabouttheroomandtakingintheentirescene.解析：（Whenrandomobjectswereplaced/inboththevirtualandphysicalrooms/,）thevirtualpairs/ofparticipantsspentmoretimelookingdirectly/（ateachother/）（ratherthanlettingtheirlookwander/abouttheroomandtaking/intheentirescene.）参考译文:当在虚拟和实体房间中都放置随机物品时,虚拟环境中成对的参与者会花更多的时间直接看着对方,而不是让视线在房间中游移,观察整个场景。Theauthorscautionthattheiranalysisislimitedtoindividualswhoself-reportedtheirethnicbackgroundaswhite,BritishorIrish,asgeneticdatawasonlyavailablebasedonEuropeancounties,andthatfurtherresearchisneededinarangeofpopulationstodeterminethepotentialbenefit.解析：Theauthorscaution/（thattheiranalysisislimited/toindividuals/（whoself-reportedtheirethnicbackgroundaswhite,BritishorIrish,/asgeneticdatawasonlyavailable/basedonEuropeancounties,/andthat/furtherresearchisneeded/inarangeofpopulations/todeterminethepotentialbenefit.参考译文:作者提醒说,他们的分析仅限于那些自报其种族背景为白人、英国人或爱尔兰人的个体,因为遗传数据仅基于欧洲国家可用,他们还指出需要在更多种族群体中进行进一步研究,以确定潜在的益处。Butalso,withmanypeoplechangingtheirexercisehabitsandsettinguphomegymsduringthepandemic,it'sbecomemuchmoreconvenienttoexerciseathome.Peopletookthisnewlyfreeduptimeasachancetoaddexercisetotheirday,withonlinefitnessprogramsandhealthappsreportinganincrease.Thephotoofapolarbearlyinglifelessonabeach-bloodmattingthefurofitsneck,withonehugepawfoldedunderitsbody-receivedimmediatecriticismglobally.解析：Thephoto（ofapolarbear/lyinglifelessonabeach/-bloodmattingthefurofitsneck,withonehugepawfoldedunderitsbody/-）receivedimmediatecriticism（globally.）参考译文:一张北极熊躺在海滩上无生命迹象的照片——它的脖子上的血迹将毛发粘结,一只巨大的爪子折叠在身体下——立即在全球引起了批评。Withcutting-edgetechnologyincreasinglyposingpotentialriskstohumansurvival,whileseekingtoequiphumansocietywithscienceandtechnology,weshouldbecarefultotheirreversiblerisksthatwouldresultfromtoomuchscientificandtechnologicalauthorization.解析：（Withcutting-edgetechnologyincreasinglyposingpotentialriskstohumansurvival,）（whileseekingtoequiphumansociety/withscienceandtechnology,）weshouldbecarefultotheirreversiblerisks/（thatwouldresultfromtoomuchscientificandtechnologicalauthorization.）参考译文:随着尖端技术日益可能对人类生存构成风险,我们在致力于为人类社会装备科学技术的同时,应当谨慎对待过度授权科学技术可能带来的不可逆转的风险。GeorgeTurner,48,ownerofPenuelBicyclesinInglewood,Caliornia,talkswithrespectabouthischildhoodBMXdirtbike.Theozonelayer,ablanketofgasthatexistsbetween10kmand50kmaboveEarth'ssurface,protectstheplanetfromthesun'spowerfulradiation.Buttherivernationalpark,asthenamesuggests,isbestexploredthroughleisurelyboatridesandcruisesthattakevisitorsthroughmanycanalsandancienttownsthatcomealongthewayoftheriver.解析：GeorgeTurner,48,ownerofPenuelBicyclesinInglewood,Caliornia,talks（withrespect）abouthischildhoodBMXdirtbike.参考译文：乔治·特纳,48岁,加利福尼亚州英格尔伍德市Penuel自行车店的老板,怀着敬意谈论他童年时骑的BMX越野自行车。Theozonelayer,/（ablanketofgas/thatexistsbetween10kmand50kmaboveEarth'ssurface,）protectstheplanet（fromthesun'spowerfulradiation.）参考译文：臭氧层是存在于地球表面上方10公里至50公里之间的一层气体，它保护地球不受太阳强烈辐射的侵害。Buttherivernati