BEC中级第二辑阅读真题及答案详解

1thecontactbetweencoachandemployeenotsolvingalldifficultiesatwork

2thediscussionofhowcertainsituationscouldbebetterhandlediftheyoccuragain

3acoachencouraginganemployeetoapplywhathasbeentaughttoroutineworksituations

4coachingprovidingnewinteresttoindividualswhoareunhappyintheircurrentpositions

5coachingprovidingasupportiveenvironmenttodiscussperformance

6employeesbeingaskedtoanalysethemselvesandpractisegreaterself-awareness

7coachingenablingacompanytorespondrapidlytoalackofexpertiseinacertainarea

Coaching

A

Coachinginvolvestwoormorepeoplesittingdowntogethertotalkthroughissuesthathavecome

uprecentlyatwork,andanalysinghowtheyweremanagedandhowtheymightbedealtwith

moreeffectivelyonsubsequentoccasions.Coachingthustransfersskillsandinformationfromone

persontoanotherinanon-the-jobsituationsothattheworkexperienceofthecoachisusedto

adviseandguidetheindividualbeingcoached.Italsoallowssuccessesandfailurestobe

evaluatedinanon-threateningatmosphere.

B

Coachingmeansinfluencingthelearner'spersonaldevelopment,forexamplehisorherconfidence

andambition.Itcantakeplaceanytimeduringanindividual'scareer.Coachingisintendedto

assistindividualstofunctionmoreeffectively,anditisapowerfullearningmodel.Itbeginswhere

skills-basedtrainingends,andhelpsindividualstouseformallylearntknowledgeinday-to-day

workandmanagementsituations.Individualsbeingcoachedareinademandingsituationwith

theircoach,whichrequiresthemtoconsidertheirownbehaviourandquestiontheirreasonsfor

doingthings.

C

Thecoachprofessionallyassiststhecareerdevelopmentofanotherindividual,outsidethenormal

manager/subordinaterelationship.Intheory,thecoachingrelationshipshouldprovideanswersto

everyproblem,butinpracticeitfallsshortofthis.However,itcanprovideaspacefordiscussion

andfeedbackontopicssuchaspeoplemanagementandskills,behaviourpatterns,

confidence-buildingandtimemanagement.Throughcoaching,anorganisationcanmeetskills

shortages,discusstargetsandindicatehowemployeesshoulddealwithchallengingsituations,all

atshortnotice.

D

Effectivecoachesareusuallythosewhogetsatisfactionfromthesuccessofothersandwhogive

timetothecoachingrole.Givingpeoplecoachingresponsibilitiescansupporttheirdevelopment,

eitherbyencouragingmanagementpotentialthroughsmall-scaleone-to-oneassignments,orby

providingaddedjobsatisfactiontomanagerswhofeeltheyarestuckintheirpresentjobs.Acoach

isalsoaconfidentialadviser,accustomedtodevelopingpositiveandeffectiveapproachesto

complexmanagement,organisationalandchangeproblems.

这篇文章讲的是培训（coaching）的作用。培训对一个公司的发展和员工的成长都是至

关重要的。文章的内容比较泛，但是题目的答案比较明显。

第一题，教练和员工之间的接触不能解决工作中的全部困难。答案是C段的这么一句：

Intheory,thecoachingrelationshipshouldprovideanswerstoeveryproblem,butinpracticeit

fallsshortofthis.理论上，培训可以供应全部问题的答案。但是实践中达不到这样。Fallshort

of是关键词。

其次题，探讨某些状况假如再度出现的话怎么样可以处理的更好。答案是A段的这么

——句：analysinghowtheyweremanagedandhowtheymightbedealtwithmoreeffectivelyon

subsequentoccasions.分析应当如何进行处理并且在接下来的状况下怎样可以处理的更有效。

这里的dealtwithmoreeffectively对应于题干中的betterhandled,onsubsequentoccasions.也

就是occuragaino

第三题，教练激励员工将所学应用到日常的工作中。答案是B段的这么一句：helps

individualstouseformallylearntknowledgeinday-to-dayworkandmanagementsituations.帮助

个人将学到的正式学问用在日常工作和管理状况下。这里的day-to-dayworkandmanagement

situations就是题干中的routineworksituations,whathasbeentaught也就是formallylearnt

knowledge。

第四题，培训为在现有岗位上不兴奋的个人供应了新的爱好。答案是D段的这么一句：

providingaddedjobsatisfactiontomanagerswhofeeltheyarestuckintheirpresentjobso对感觉

自己在现有岗位上受困的经理们供应附加的工作满意感。这里的stuckintheirpresentjobs就

是题干中的unhappyintheircurrentposition,addedjobsatisfaction可以对应于题干中的new

interesto

第五题，培训供应了一个有力的、支持性的探讨工作表现的环境。答案是A段的：Italso

allowssuccessesandfailurestobeevaluatedinanon-threateningatmosphere.它允许成功和失败

在一个没有威逼的气氛下被评估。成功和失败也就是performance,supportiveenvironment

可以对应于non-threateningatmosphereo

第六题，员工被要求分析他们自己并且培育出更强的自知。有必要理解下self-awareness

的含义，不能简洁的从中文理解成自我意识，看英文说明：knowledgeandunderstandingof

yourselfo所以答案是B段的这么一句：requiresthemtoconsidertheirownbehaviourand

questiontheirreasonsfordoingthings.要求他们考虑自己的行为并且思索这么做的理由。

considertheirownbehaviour可以对应于题干中的analysethemselves,思索这么做的理由也是

为了进一步增进对自己的相识。

第七题，培训可以使得公司对某个领域的技术缺失快速做出反应。答案是C段的最终

——句：indicatehowemployeesshoulddealwithchallengingsituations,allatshortnotice.指出员

工怎样处理有挑战性的状况，在短时间内。Atshortnotice是一接到通知就，短时间内的意

思，可以对应这一题的respondrapidly,challengingsituations可以指代题干中的alackof

expertiseinacertainarea.

BUFFETZONE

LucyRobertsonstartedworkingatatakeawayfoodbusinesstosupplementherincomeduringher

studentdaysatEdinburghUniversity,Severalyearslatershehadboughtthebusinessandnow,17

yearson,sheownsGrapevineCaterers,probablyScotland'sleadingindependentcaterers,witha

turnoverofalmost£6m.

Shehadneverplannedtoownabusiness,andhadcertainlyneverconsideredacareerincatering.

(0)........However,herunplannedcareerbeganin1985,whenshereturnedtoEdinburghand

discoveredthatthetakeawayshehadworkedinwasupforsale.Onimpulse,sheboughtit,but

admitsthatatthetimesheknewnothingaboutcatering.(8)........Itwasadifficulttime,but

essentialintermsofgainingtheexperiencesheneeded.Thelate1980sboomwasgoodfor

business,withlargenumbersofofficeworkerswantingtakeawayfoodfortheirlunches.

(9).......'Atonepointtherewere26foodoutletswithina5-kilometreradius,'Robertsonrecalls.As

theeconomychangedandtheoncepackedofficeblocksstartedtobecomevacant,itbecameclear

thatRobertsonwouldneedtodiversify.(10).......Itchangedthedirectionofthecompanyforgood.

AsRobertsonbegantowincateringcontracts,shedecidedthatthecompanywouldhavetomove

tolargerpremises.In1994,themovewasmadewhensheboughtanothercateringbusinessthat

alreadyhadanumberofprofitablecontractsforboardroomlunches.

Meanwhile,Robertson'smaincompetitor,theoldestcateringcompanyinEdinburgh,wascausing

hersomeanxiety.'Customerloyaltyisnottobeunderestimated/shewarns.ButRobertsonisnot

someonewhoiseasilyputoff.(ll).......Partlyasaresultofthis,turnoverdoubled,andhaving

outgrownanothersite,Robertsonboughtacity-centrelocationforthegroup'sheadquarters.

Bynow,Grapevine'smaincompetitorwasanewcateringcompanycalledTowngates.Although

RobertsontriedtoraiseenoughmoneytobuyTowngates,shedidnotsucceed.Thenluck

intervenedandIbwngateswentbankrupt.(12).......Manyacceptedandthecompany'sturnover

wentfrom£700,000to£1.5millionalmostovernight.

However,thecompany'sgrowthwasnotassmoothasitsoundsinretrospect.Robertsonadmits,

*Wewereclosetotheedgeduringthegrowthperiod.Likemanyunder-capitalisedcompanies

tryingtogrow,itmighteasilyhavecollapsed.'Butthat,shefeels,isthechallengeofdeveloping

yourownbusiness.

AButthereareplentyofsimilarcontractstobewonintheeastofScotlandbeforeRobertsonturns

herattentionelsewhere.

BHerwayroundthisparticularproblemwastorecruitthecateringmanageroftherivalcompany.

CButthisdemandwasshort-lived,andbeforelong,increasingcompetitionmadeitharderto

makeaprofit.

D'Itwasadramaticlearningcurveandverysmallamountsofmoneywereearnedatfirst,'says

Robertson.

EShedecidedthatthesolution,sincemanycompaniesrequiredworkinglunchesformeetings

withclients,wastoprepareanddelivermealstobusinesspremises.

FOnhearingthis,Robertsonimmediatelycontactedalloftheirclientsandofferedtheservicesof

GrapevineCaterers.

GInstead,shestudiedaccountancyafterleavinguniversity,andasteadyifunspectacular

professionalpathseemedset.

《BuffetZone》，自助餐区域，在这篇文章里的意思应当是自助餐领域，讲的是一个在自

助餐领域取得了惊人成果的杰出女性创业的故事。这套题目不难，尤其比起第四辑的题目。

文章本身有很清晰的故事发展脉络，选项和原文的对应也比较明显。文章的几个段落是依据

时间先后、故事发生的先后进行的，很明确。第一段是总括，其次段是讲的创业起步阶段的

一些困难以及应对困难的对策，第三段是公司好转后的办公室重置(relocation),第四、五

段是公司的竞争状况，最终一段总结。

第八题，前面说一时冲动她买下了这个外卖餐馆(takeaway),事实上那个时候她对餐

饮业一窍不通。空格后面说的是这段时间很困难，但是对获得所须要的阅历却是很有必要的。

所以第八题的空格部分应当填入跟学习、积累阅历有关的内容。D选型最吻合，Itwasa

dramaticlearningcurve，这里的learning是关键词,很明显的答案信号。还有verysmallamounts

ofmoneywereearnedatfirst,atfirst也是关键词。

第九题，空格前面说largenumbersofofficeworkerswantingtakeawayfoodfortheir

lunches,大量的办公室员工须要外卖食品做午饭，这里的wanting是个很关键的词。空格后

面话锋一转，说曾经一度5公里内有26家食品商店，但是经济转变了，一条街都空了(blocks

startedtobecomevacant).,从上下文来分析，第九空的内容应当和办公室员工的外卖需求有

关，同时带有转折意思。C选项完全符合这一条件：但是这种需求是短暂的，不久，慢慢增

长的竞争使得赢得利润变得更加困难。

第十题，上文说经济形势转变了，所以Robertson确定从事多样化的经营。后面说这种

做法恒久的变更了公司的经营方式。所以第十空应当填入相应的对策，怎么样来应对经济形

势的转变。符合这一条件的是B和E,都是关于解决问题的，但是B选项所说的招募竞争

对手的餐厅经理在上下文内容中没有提到。应当选D,为商业大厦送饭，正好对应下一段所

说的。

第十一题，这一题才应当选B,前面说竞争对手给自己造成了很大的困扰。但是

Robertson却不是那么简洁屈服的人。后面说部分缘由是这个，营业额翻倍了。所以中间应

该也是填入对策。和竞争对手有关的，所以应当选B,B的particular是个关键词,rivalcompany

也很明显。

第十二题，前面说Robertson想收购一个竞争对手，但是没成功，结果人家公司自己破

产倒闭了。后面来了一个manyaccepted,可以看出这中间应当填入的是人家公司破产后

Robertson的一些举措。F满意这一条件：一听到这些，Robertson立即联系他们的客户并且

供应了自己公司的服务。

1、buffet:amealatwhichpeopleservethemselvesfromatableandthenstandorsit

somewhereelsetoeat自助餐

2、takeaway

a、arestaurantthatcooksandsellsfoodthatyoutakeawayandeatsomewhereelse夕卜卖餐

馆

b、amealthatyoubuyatthistypeofrestaurant外卖的饭菜；外卖食物

3、inretrospect:thinkingaboutapasteventorsituation,oftenwithadifferentopinionofit

fromtheoneyouhadatthetime回顾

4、under-capitalised:(aboutabusiness)nothavingenoughmoney(capital)tobeableto

operatenormally,paydebtsandgrow资金不足。

5、Instead,shestudiedaccountancyafterleavinguniversity,andasteadyifunspectacular

professionalpathseemedset.

这个句子里if的用法比较少见，参见朗文的说明：usedwhenaddingonecriticismofa

personorthingthatyougenerallylike

e.g:Lunchwasagrandifrathernoisyaffair.

所以G选项的意思就是：然而，离开高校后她学的是会计，一个平淡无奇的职业道路

似乎已经铺就。

HOWTOMARKETYOURSELF

Wemanageourowncareersnow.Soknowinghowtobrandandpositionyourselfinthemarketas

*Meplc'atdifferentstagesofyourworkinglifeisbecominganincreasinglyvitalskill.Atleast

thatiswhatimageexpertMarySpillanebelieves.'Employmentasweknowitisdecreasing.Jobs

don'texist,workexists.Inthenextdecademostofuswillbesuppliers,notstaff.Wewillhave

clientsnotbosses.Ifyouareunder30,youprobablyknowthatthereisonlyonefirmtojoinfor

life:Meplc.Itpromotesyouandyourpotentialtoothers.'

'We'reworkinginmulti-national,multicultural,multi-corporateteamsandit'simportantto

understandtheimplicationsofthis.Weneedtocreateapersonalbrandthatisunique,but

complementsthebrandofthecorporationweareworkingfor.Youhavetofindawaytodoitso

thatyouarenotjustatypicalemployee,'advisesSpillane.*Youhavetodecidewhatcentralvalues

youwanttoproject,andalsowhatmayneedtoalterfromsituationtosituation.'

ManypeopleonlyrememberMarySpillanefortheyearsshespentrunningacosmeticscompany,

butsheactuallyhasmastersdegreesininformationscienceandpolitics.Sheusedtohidethat

hard-hittingside,butisnoweagertoshowitandforgetaboutcosmetics.'NowthatI'mworkingin

theboardroomsofmajorplcsandglobalcompanies,I'mplayingupmydegreesandmanagement

backgroundsothattheimagesideisseenonlyasanadditiontothevalueside,*saysSpillane.

Somecontractstakelongerthanothers.'TheCitylawfirmsI'mcurrentlyworkingforarereally

difficultbecausetheydon'thaveanyideaofwhattheirbrandshouldbe,andarestillvery

traditionalevenwhentalkingaboutbecomingmodern.I'mshowingthemhowtodoeverything

fromchangingtheirreceptionareas-whichtendtobeveryoff-puttingwiththeirhigh-fronted

receptiondesks-tohowtomakesmalltalkthatislessformalandrigid.Companiesrebrand

themselvesallthetime,spendingmillionsonnewofficeinteriorsandsoon.Butwithoutan

underlyingchangeofattitudes,itcanproveanemptyexercise.1

Shearguesthatforindividualstoo,theremustbemorethanasurfacechange,asrebrandinggoes

deeperthanamerechangeofwardrobe.Beyondadviceonappearance,shetellsclients,'Remind

yourselfofwhatyouareselling:thepersonalvaluesthatcompriseyourbrand.Learntopresent

yourselfinawaythatwillprojectwhatyouwanttodeliver.Lifelonglearningisessential,together

withthesortofdiscoveryandadventurethatpromotepersonalgrowth.Alwayshavean

up-to-the-minuteCVreadytoprintout,refreshingiteveryfewmonthswithyourmostrecent

achievements,justtoremindothersofyourbrandvalue.'

Shebelievesitisessentialthatyouunderstandbothyourpublicselfandyourprivateself,aswell

asyourblindspotsandyourpotential,inordertocreateaneffectivebrand.Thepublicselfisthe

imageyouprojecttotheworld,theprivateselfiswhatyouknowaboutyourselfbutothersdon't,

aridblindspotsarethosethingsthatothersseeaboutyoubutyoucan'tseeforyourself.By

decidingwhatimageyouwantotherpeopletosee,emphasisingmoreofyourprivateselfand

sortingoutafewblindspots,youwillincreasenotonlyyourpotentialtoinfluenceothers,butalso

yourself-esteemandself-confidence.'

13Inthefirstparagraph,MarySpillanesayspeopleshouldlearnhowtomarketthemselves

because

Aitencouragescompaniestogivethemajobforlife.

Binthefutureitwillbeacompanyrequirement.

Cinmanycareersitisbecomingdifficulttosucceed.

Ditwillhelpthemadapttodevelopmentsinthejobmarket.

14Spillanesaysthat,whencreatingapersonalbrand,itisimportantto

Achangethingsdependingonthecircumstances.

Bdecidewhatimagepeoplewouldlikeyoutopresent.

Cmakesurethatcolleaguesfeelateasewithyourimage.

Dfollowtheexampleofsomeoneinthecompanyyouworkfor.

15WhatdowelearnaboutSpillaneinthethirdparagraph?

ASheisembarrassedabouthercareerwithacosmeticscompany.

BShedoesn'tliketalkingaboutheracademicbackground.

CShehasqualificationsmanypeopleareunawareof.

DSheworriesabouthowotherpeopleseeher.

16WhichproblemdoesSpillanerefertowhentalkingaboutthecompaniessheispresently

workingwith?

ATheyfinditdifficulttoacceptherideas.

BTheyareunawareofhowtorebrandthemselves.

CTheydon'twanttospendlargeamountsofmoney.

DTheyareunwillingtomodernisetheirworkenvironment.

17Whenadvisingpeopleonrebrandingthemselves,Spillanetellsthemto

Aattendcoursestogainspecialistskills.

Bupdateregularlytheirwrittenproofofwhattheycando.

Ctryoutdifferentwaysofpresentingthemselvestoothers.

Drememberthatwhattheylooklikeisthemostimportantpoint.

18Spillanesaysthat,inordertorebrandyourselfsuccessfully,itisimportantto

Aaskforotherpeople'sopinionsaboutyourimage.

Bfeelconfidentaboutwhatyouaretryingtoachieve.

Clearnhowtomakeuseofallaspectsofyourcharacter.

Dmodelyourselfonpeoplewithacertainamountofinfluence.

《Howtomarketyourself》，怎样开发你自己。这篇文章主要是一个专家（MarySpillane）

对个人在职业生涯中的一些建议，包括怎么定位、怎样正确相识自己等等。很好用很中肯的

一篇文章。看来这国外的专家并不也是夸夸其谈之辈啊。

13题，问第一段MarySpillane认为人们应当学会开发他们自己的缘由是什么。第一段

里这个专家认为就业机会在削减，job不存在了，存在的是work,在将来十年全部人都将成

为才华和实力的供应者（supplier）,而不是员工（staff）,老板将变成自己的客户。从专家的

这段话可以看出她认为人们应当学会开发自己的缘由是适应就业市场的发展，也就是D答

案所说的。A在原文没有提到，B的理解有误，原文说thereisonlyonefirmtojoinforlife:Me

plco生活中只有一个值得加入的公司：自我公司。这句的意思还是说人们要学会开发自己,

而不是将来有公司须要。C在原文中也没有提到。

14题，问在创建个人品牌的时候，很重要的是什么。答案是其次段的最终一句：Youhave

todecidewhatcentralvaluesyouwanttoproject,andalsowhatmayneedtoalterfromsituation

tosituation.你必需确定自己要建立的中心价值什么，同时还有哪些是须要随着环境的变更而

变更的。A的表述正确，依据环境来变更事情。B不对，不是说确定人们想要你呈现的形象,

而是自己确定自己想要建立的中心价值。C、D在原文都没有提到。

15题，问第三段可以了解到Spillane的什么事。第三段介绍说这个女人曾经经营过一家

化妆品公司，但其实她还拥有信息科学和政治的硕士学位。当在化妆品公司的时候她试图把

学历的一面深藏不露，但是现在换了一家公司，她迫不及待的想将这一面给呈现出来。从这

些可以看出这个女人的思路：须要哪一面就表现哪一面。15题的答案是C：她拥有的素养

很多人都不知道。A不对，没有提到尴尬，B不对，在适当的时候才会去谈论自己的学历背

景，D在原文也没有提到。

16题，问Spillane指出了现在工作公司的什么问题。答案是第四段的这么一句：theydont

haveanyideaofwhattheirbrandshouldbe,andarestillverytraditionalevenwhentalkingabout

becomingmodern.对于自己的品牌应当是怎么样的他们没有任何概念，同时在谈到变得现代

时照旧很传统。这一段是讲这个公司在转变时的一些问题，他们投入了巨大的财力想重新树

立自己的品牌，但是没有一个深层次的看法的转变，是很难有实效的。答案是B,不知如何

重新树立自己的品牌。A不对，没有说不情愿接受，C不对，公司投入巨大，D不对，不是

不情愿现代化，而不知道怎么现代化，说要现代化还是显得很传统。

17题，问对于想要重新树立自己品牌的个人，Spillane的建议是什么。答案是第五段的

最终一句.Alwayshaveanup-to-the-minuteCVreadytoprintout,refreshingiteveryfewmonths

withyourmostrecentachievements时刻要有一个打算打印的最新的简历，每隔几个月用你最

新的成果来更新一次。总结起来就是B选项所说的“固定更新关于自己能做什么的书面证

明”。

18题，问为了能成功的重新树立自己的个人品牌，很重要的是什么。最终一段强调了

人应当了解自己的几个方面：公我(publicself)、私我(privateself)、盲点和潜力，并且分别

介绍了四种方面的含义。答案是这么一句，须要提炼总结：Bydecidingwhatimageyouwant

otherpeopletosee,emphasisingmoreofyourprivateselfandsortingoutafewblindspots。更多

的强调私我，并且选择出一些盲点。总结起来就是B所说的：学会怎样全面利用自己性格

的各个方面。

理解一下D选项一个词组的含义：modelyourselfon(after)somebody：totrytobelike

someoneelsebecauseyouadmirethem

这篇文章其实并不难，但是很有好用价值。某些地道的商务英语表述可以用在口语里，

而更具意义的是，这篇文章里提到了一些关于个人职业的建议，很中肯，值得人参考。

1、jobsdon'texist,workexists.Inthenextdecademostofuswillbesuppliers,notstaff.We

willhaveclientsnotbosses.这是一种比较新颖的工作观，不应当把自己看做是给老板打

工的。每个人都是自己的老板，出售自己的才学和实力，老板只是自己的客户。有了这

样的心态，人在工作中就会变得主动主动。不过有一点，客户的质量确定要好好把握啊

2、Youhavetodecidewhatcentralvaluesyouwanttoproject,andalsowhatmayneedto

alterfromsituationtosituation.树立属于自己的品牌，并且相机而动。

3、Remindyourselfofwhatyouareselling:thepersonalvaluesthatcompriseyourbrand.

Learntopresentyourselfinawaythatwillprojectwhatyouwanttodeliver.一个企业要想

立足商界须要核心价值，同样的，一个人要立足社会也须要核心价值。关键在于你如何

定位自己。找准了定位，就不会迷失方向。

Planning

Inanyplanningsystem,fromthesimplestbudgetingtothemostcomplexcorporateplanning,

thereisanannualprocess.Thisispartlyduetothefactthatfirms(19)......theiraccountingona

yearly(20)......,butalsobecausesimilar(21).......oftenoccurinthemarket.

Usually,thelargerthefirm,thelongertheplanningtakes.Buttypically,planningfornextyear

maystartninemonthsormoreinadvance,withvariousstagesofevaluationleadingto(22)......of

thecompleteplanthreemonthsbeforethestartoftheyear.

Planningcontinues,however,throughouttheyear,sincemanagers(23)......progressagainst

targets,whilelookingforwardtothenextyear.Whatishappeningnowwill(24)......the

objectivesandplansforthefuture.

Intoday'sbusinessclimate,asmarketsconstantlychangeandbecomemoredifficultto(25)........,

someanalystsbelievethatlong-termplanningispointless.Insomemarketstheymayberight,as

longascompaniescanbuildthesortofflexibilityintotheir(26)......whichallowsthemto

(27)......toanysuddenchanges.

Mostfirms,however,needtoplanmorethanoneyearaheadinorderto(28)......theirlong-term

goals.Thismayreflectthetimeittakestocommissionandbuildanewproductionplant,or,in

marketing(29)......,itmaybeaquestionofhowlongittakestoresearchandlauncharangeof

newproducts,andreachacertain(30)......inthemarket.If,forexample,itisgoingtotakefive

yearsforaparticularairlinetobecomethe(31)......choiceamongstbusinesstravellersoncertain

routes,theairlinemustplanforthevarious(32)......involved.

Everyone-yearplan,therefore,mustbe(33)......inrelationtolonger-termplans,anditshould

containdiestagesthatarenecessarytoachievethefinalgoals.

19AmakeupBcarryoutCbringaboutDputdown

20AbasisBgroundsCfoundationDstructure

21AdistributionsBguidesCdesignsDpatterns

22AapprovalBpermissionCconsentDdecision

23AvalueBinspectCreviewDsurvey

24AcommandBpromptCinfluenceDpersuade

25AguessBspeculateCreckonDpredict

26AoperationsBtechniquesCmeasuresDexercises

27AanswerBrespondCcounterDreply

28AmoveBleadCdevelopDbenefit

29AexpressionsBdescriptionsCwordsDterms

30AreputationBpositionCsituationDinfluence

31AdesiredBselectedCpreferredDsupposed

32AactsBstepsCmeansDpoints

33AhandedoverBdrawnupCmadeoutDwrittenoff

这篇文章是关于公司支配的(planning),做支配时的过程和须要考虑的一些因素。

全文的第一句话说公司做的确定是一个年度过程(annualprocess)。接下来谈到缘由。

19题，makeup是组成、捏造、化妆的意思，用在这里和accounting搭配不上；carryout是

执

行(todosomethingthatneedstobeorganizedandplanned)；bringabout是带来，使发生(to

makesomethinghappen)；putdown放下，镇压。从意思上看，应当选B,carryouto

事实上，carryoutaccountingon…..basis是金融英语里专业且地道的说法。最常见的一

种是carryoutaccountingontheaccrualbasis执行权责发生制。相应的，20题选basis,公司

时在一年的基础上执行会计准则的。

21题，这里须要理解上下文的含义。这一整句话照旧是在说明公司进行planning的缘由。

正是因为相像的模式会在市场上出现，所以公司才须要进行支配。选patterns是最符合原义

的。

22题，很明显，这里填入的词是表示批准、通过之类的，是指年前三个月完整的支配

就会被通过。从中文意思上看，A、B、C三个词都是符合的。具体看英文说明对几个词的

用法进行区分。

approval：whenaplan,decision,orpersonisofficiallyaccepted批准,正式的

eg:Thepresidenthasalreadygivenhisapprovaltotheplan.

permission：whensomeoneisofficiallyallowedtodosomething允许，也是正式的

eg:Youmustaskpermissionbeforetakinganyphotographsinsidethechurch.

consent：permissiontodosomething不那么正式的允许

eg:Hetookthecarwithouttheowner'sconsent.

这一题是讲的支配被批准或者通过，所以用approvaL

23题，这里的前后文的意思是支配贯穿全年始终，所以经理们须要回顾过去，展望将来。

后面的lookingforwardto是个答案信号，相对应的前面应当选review,依据目标回顾过程。

24题比较简洁，理解了句子含义不难做出选择。现在发生的事情将会影响将来的目标和

支酉己。选influence。

25题，从这个句子来看，填入的词是应当可以干脆和market搭配的。Predictthemarket

是商英里地道常见的用法，市场预料。

26题，往他们的操作中增加一点灵敏性，这样可以对突然发生的变更做出反应。Operation:

theworkoractivitiesdonebyabusinessororganization,ortheprocessofdoingthiswork.

27题，respondto对•••..做出反应。

28题，为了开发公司的长期目标，须要一年以上的时间来支配。从意思和用法上，只能

选择developo

29题，inmarketterms用市场术语来说。固定用法。

30题，positioninthemarket,市场上的地位。前面已经示意了这里要用市场术语来表述，

positioninthemarket就是固定表达(positioningisthatexclusivespaceyourbrandownsinthe

marketplace.It'srelevantandcompellingtoyourcustomers,anddifferentfromyourcompetitors.)

31题，只须要理解preferred的意思：首选的

32题，想让这个航空公司成为特定路途上商务旅客的首选，必需先支配好相关的步骤。

按步骤来拟定支配，最终才能成功，所以选step。

33题，须要理解四个词组的含义。

handover:togivesomethingtosomeonewithyourhand,especiallybecausetheyhaveasked

foritorshouldhaveit.交出

drawup:toprepareawrittendocument,suchasalistorcontract起草(drawup

plans/proposal)

e.g:Hewasaskedtodrawupproposalsforreformingthelaw

makeout:

tobejustabletoseeorhearsomething望见或听见

tounderstandsomething,especiallythereasonwhysomethinghashappened理解

writeoff:

towritealettertoacompanyororganizationaskingthemtosendyougoodsor

information写信寄出

todecidethatsomeoneorsomethingisuseless,unimportant,orafailure注销

toofficiallysaythatadebtnolongerhastobepaid,orofficiallyacceptthatyoucannotget

backmoneyyouhavespentorlost勾销

1Sometimesitisnecessarytoinsistonfurtherexplanation.

2Youshouldn'tfocusonyourresponsewhileothersarestillspeaking.

3Peoplearereluctanttoadmitthattheydon'tlistenwell.

4Therearebenefitsinseeingthingsfromthespeaker'sperspective.

5Keenobservationofthespeakercansupportourlisteningskills.

6Itisriskytothinkaboutadifferentissuewhilesomeoneisspeaking.

7Peopledonotmindhearingtheirownviewssummarised.

Goodlistener,bettermanager

A

Toooftenweaccuseothersofnotlistening,pretendingthatweourselvesarefaultless,yetinour

heartsweknowthatmanyofthemistakeswemakecomeaboutbecausewehaven'tlistened

carefullyenough.Wegetthingswrongbecausewehaven'tquiteunderstoodwhatsomeonemeant

whentheyweretalkingtous.Anyonewhohasevertakentheminutesofalongmeetingwillknow

howharditistoremember-despitethebenefitofnotes-exactlywhateveryonesaid.Butsuccess

dependsongettingthingsright-andthatmeanslistening.

B

Listeningisnotthesamethingashearing;itisnotaneffortlessactivity.Itdemandsattentionand

concentration.Itmaymeanquizzingthespeakerforadditionalinformationorforclarification-it

isalwaysbettertoaskthantocontinueregardlessandgetthingswrong.However,ifyouallow

yourmindtowanderontosomethingelse,evenforafewminutes,you'llmisswhatthespeakeris

saying-probablyattheverymomentwhenheorsheissayingsomethingcritical.Andnothaving

heard,youwon'tknowyou'vemissedanythinguntilit'stoolate.

C

Themostcommonbadhabitwehaveistostartthinkingofwhatwearegoingtosayaboutthe

subjectlongbeforetheotherspeakerhasfinished.Wethenstoplistening.Evenworse,thisoften

addsrudenesstoinattentiveness,asonceyouhavedecidedwhattosaythereisafairchanceyou

willinterrupttosayit.Goodlistenersdon'tinterrupt.Infactitisoftenworthexplainingthemain

ideaofwhatyouhavejustbeentoldbeforegoingontomakeyourownpoints.Nobodyis

offendedbythisanditshowsthatyouhavelistenedwell.

D

Aboveallbepatientandacceptthatmanypeoplearenotverygoodcommunicators.It'shelpfulto

rememberthatthewayspeoplemoveandpositionthemselveswhiletheyarespeakingcanreveal

agreatdealaboutwhattheyaresaying.Equallyimportantlyyoushouldputyourselfintheother

person*splace,bothintellectuallyandemotiona