北京大学考博英语模拟试卷10

北京大学考博英语模拟试卷10

一、词汇（本题共30题，每题7.0分，共30分。）

1、Policebelievethatmanyburglarsareamateurswhowouldfleeifanalarmsoundedor

lights.

A、cameout

B>cameto

C、cameon

D、camein

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本句意为“警察相信许多人室盗贼都不是惯犯，警报器一响或电灯一

亮他们就会逃走，comeout意为“出来；（灯）亮；（花）开"：cometo意为“共计，达

到；达成；归结为“；comeon意为“跟着来，进步；成长”；comein意为“进入，到

达，流行起来”.因此正确答案是Ac

2、Hehadaclearofwhatwaswrongwiththemachineandfixeditinashort

time.

A、debris

deficiency

C>perception

D、persecution

标准答案：C

知识点解析：debris碎片,残骸;deficiency缺乏，不足；perception理解,感知;

persecution迫害。

3、Yourwishtogoforawalkdoesnotyourleavingthebabyaloneinthehouse.

A、rectify

B、notify

C^signify

D、justify

标准答案：D

知识点解析：（justify证明……为正当）。句意为：你想出去散步并不能证明你可以

把孩子一个人留在家里。A.rectify纠正；B.notify通知；C.signify表明，意

味。

4、Thechieffunctionofmostsystemsofexchangecontrolistopreventorredressan

adversebalanceofpaymentsbylimitingforeign-exchangepurchasestoanamountnotin

excessofforeign-exchangereceipts.

A、eliminate

remedy

C>evade

D、decrease

标准答案：B

知识点解析：这句话的意思是：大多数外汇管制系统的主要功能是，通过限制外汇

储备支出额低于外汇储备收入以阻止或者——贸易逆差。在给出的选项中，

eliminate"除去，排除、remedy"治疗，补救“；evade”逃避，规避“；decrease"减少

”。根据经济常识，只有B项符合题意。因此正确答案为B。

5、leavingforworkinplentyoftimetocatchthetrainwillworryaboutbeing

late.

A、ruleoff

B>prevent

C、avoid

D、obviate

标准答案：D

知识点解析：obviate消除、排除（危险、障碍、担忧等）；ruleoff画线隔开;prevent

防止，预防；avoid避免。

6、Anthropologyisascienceanthropologistsusearigoroussetofmethodsand

techniquestodocumentobservationsthatcanbecheckedbyothers.

A、inthat

B、thatin

C、that

D、in

标准答案：C

知识点解析：考查的知混点是同位语从句。句意是：人类学就是人类学家利用一套

严格的方法和技术记录能为其他人所验证的观察结果。根据同位语引导的规则推出

正确答案是C选项。

7、Peoplewholiketowearredclothesaremorelikelytobetalkativeand.

A、lucrative

B、introverted

C、vivacious

D、perilous

标准答案：C

知识点解析：lucraiive有利的，赚钱的；introveried内向的，含蓄的；vivacious活

泼的，快活的；perilous危险的。

8、HeswallowshiswordssomuchthatIcanneverwhatheissaying.

A、makeout

B>putup

C^dealwith

D、takeup

标准答案：D

知识点解析：各项的意思是：makeout”了解，辨认出“；putup"建造。举起“ideal

with“处理”；takeup”询问，理睬，对……采取进一步的行动”。根据句意判断，答

案为Do

9、Inthepresenteconomicwecanmakeevengreaterprogressthanpreviously.

A、air

B、mood

C、area

D、climate

标准答案：D

知识点解析：climate除表示气候,风土外,还可指（社会）风气,一般（社会）趋势。

如:politicalclimate政治风气。

10、Researchdiscoveredthatplantsinfectedwithavirusgiveoffagasthat

diseaseresistanceinneighboringplants.

A^contracts

B、activates

C^maintains

D^prescribes

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

11>IndescribingCaptainSentry'sfailuretoadvancetheauthoris.

A、factual

obsequious

Cssarcastic

D、gallant

标准答案：C

知识点解析：otherthat除了，相当于but或excepto句意：我们除了等待别无他

法。orother更准确地；butrather相反地；ratherthan而不。

12、WhenhelivedinTibetinthe1950s,radiowastheonlymeanshehadtokeep

ofcurrenteventsinthecountry.

A、response

B、track

C^record

D、trace

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

13^AlthoughthisbookclaimstobeabiographyofGeorgeWashington,manyofthe

incidentsareimaginary.

A、fascinating

B、factitious

C、fastidious

D^fictitious

标准答案：D

知火点解析：句意：尽管这本书声称是GeorgeWashington的传记，但很多事件都

是虚构的。ficlilious编造的，虚构的；fascinating迷人的，醉人的；factitious人为

的，不自然的;fastidious苛求的,挑剔的。

14、Ayoungmanseesasunsetandunabletounderstandorexpresstheemotionthatit

inhim,concludesthatitmustbethegatewaytoaworldthatliesbeyond.

A、reflects

B、retains

CNrouses

D、radiates

标准答案：C

知识点解析：原句意思是“年轻人看到日落的时候，对日落在自己心中所引起的情

感难以理解，也不好表达，便说那一定是通向太阳后面的那个世界的人口rouse

的意思为tomakesomeonemoreactive,interestedorexcited,即“引起，唤起“，恰

好符合题意。再例如：Wcdon'twanttorouseanysusoiclons.（我们并不想引起任

何疑虑。Reflect意为“反射,考虑"；retain意为“保留,维持”；radiate意为“发光,

射出

15、SomeHeadsofGovernmentnowfearthatnegotiationswillbeforea

settlementisreached.

A、wearout

B、comealong

C、breakoff

D、endup

标准答案：C

知识点解析：breakoff突然中止，中断...，此句意思是“一些国家的首脑担心，

还未达成一致之前谈判就会中断wearou【用坏，耗尽；comealong与某人一起来

（去）；endup以...而告终。

16、Theschoolauthorityagainststudents'smokingbothintheclassroomsandathome.

A、resolved

B、determined

C、banned

D、prohibited

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题空格处是说学校当局反对学生吸烟。resolveon/uponsth./

doingsth.的意思是“决定做某事”;resolveagainststh./doingsth.的强思是“反对做

某事“；而ban和prohibit表禁止某人做某事时的用法是ban/prohibitsb.from

doingsth.。所以本题应选A.

17、InActionPainting,thepaintissometimesontothecanvas.

A^trickled

B>trampled

C、stroked

D^soaked

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、Theirissuanceforpsychologistswillimpactnotonlyontheroleofcurrent

practitioners,butonthetrainingandjustifyingoffuture,aswellasthefunction

andpublicimageoftheprofession.

A、one

ones

C、case

D、cases

标准答案：B

知识点解析：此题为重点题来复习，因为不定代词在考研题中每次都有。ones指

prac出ioners“实习生们”°

19、Whenhelosthisjobshetriedtohisfortunesbyrobbingabank.

A、revive

B、retrieve

C^rectify

D、recycle

标准答案：B

知识点解析：retrieve恢复，补救；revive复活，振作：rectify纠正；recycle再循

环，回收再用。句意：他失业后试图抢劫银行，捞回一笔钱。

20、Ifyoucanconvincetheinterviewerofyourspecialqualifications,yourchanceof

beingacceptedwillbegreatlyenhanced.

A、appreciated

B、encouraged

C、frustrated

D^increased

标准答案：D

知识点解析：空格处的意思是：如果你能让你的面试官相信你的特殊条件，你被接

受的机会将大大提高。划线单词enhance的意思是“提高，增强:各选项的意思

是：叩predated感激；encouraged受到鼓励；frustrated沮丧的：increased增强的。

21、Sinceitistoolatetochangemymind,Iamtocarryingouttheplan.

A、committed

obliged

C、engaged

D^resolved

标准答案：A

知识点解析：考查动词词组的用法。本句属于因果关系。commit是“提交；答应负

责"，而becommittedto是“致力于”，一般后面跟名词或动名词;beobligedto是

“被迫做……”,一般后面接动词的不定式；beengaged是“约定;与……订婚”;

resolveio是“下决心做...”，没有beresolvedlo的用法。只有A符合句意。

22、Awayfromtheirprofession,scientistsareinherentlynomorehonestorthan

otherpeople.

A、ethical

R、moderate

C、civilized

D、liberal

标准答案：A

知识点解析：（ethical合乎道德的）。句意为：从本质上讲，在行业以外，科学家和

其他的人一样不诚实，和其他的人一样不讲道德。B.moderale有节制的；

C.civilized文明的：D.liberal自由主义的。

23、Thedecisionwillgiverenewedtotheeconomicregenerationofbackward

regions.

A、index

B、impulse

C、impact

D、impetus

标准答案：D

知识点解析：（impetus动力，促进）。句意为；这项决定将会给落后地区经济的振

兴注入新的活力。A.index索引；B.impulse冲动；C.impact影响。

24>Somebirdswhentheylookforanimalstokillontheground.

A、hosed

B、rolled

C^hoverer

D、revolve

标准答案：C

知识点解析:hosed用软管淋浇；rolled滚动；hoverer盘旋;停留在空中；revolve

旋转。

25、Amanwhocouldsuchtreatmentwasamanofremarkablephysicalcourage

andmoralstrength.

A、bearupon

B、standupto

C、insiston

D、persistin

标准答案：B

知识点解析：（standuplo勇敢地面对，经得起）。句意为：能够勇敢地面对这种治

疗的人是一个很有胆量和勇气的人。A.bearupon对……施加压力，对……有影

响；C.insiston坚持；D.persistin坚持。

26、Thereisconflictinginformationonhowmuchironwomenneedintheirdiet.

A、somuch

B、somany

C、toofew

D、afew

标准答案：A

知识点解析：information是不可数名司,所以用somuch,答案是A。

27、Althoughwehadbeenpresentatroughlythesametime,Mr.Brownsaythesituation

quitedifferentfromihewayIsawit.

A、Although

B、at

C>different

D、theway

标准答案：c

知识点露析：句子大意为：尽管我们两个基本上是一起到达现场的，布朗先生却说

实际情况和我看到的却不一样。本题考查宾语从句和主谓一致。宾语从句中主语

为ihesitualion,故须使用单数形式的谓语动词differs。所以，正确答案是C。

28、ThelittlegirlisignorantthebasicrulesofEnglishgrammar.

A、for

B、of

C^with

D、against

标准答案：B

知识点解析：ignorantof的意思是：不知道，不了解。

29、activeincommerceortheprofessions,mostofthewealthywerenotself-

made,buthadinheritedfamilyfortunes.

A、Exceptfor

Despite

C^As

D、Though

标准答案：B

知识点解析：“exceptfoi•”意为“除……之外”，“despite”意为“不管，尽管”，“as”意

为“当……时，随着"，“though”意为“尽管，虽然”。根据题意，答案在选项B和D

之间，作“尽管”的意思时，“despite”是介词，而“though”是连词，后面跟句子，故

正确答案为Bo

30Itisironicthattheinsightsofthegreatthinkersarevoicedsooftenthatthey

havebecomemere

A、original...cliches

B、banal...beliefs

C^dubious...habits

D、philosophical...questions

标准答案：A

知识点解析：original...clich6s”原始的，独创的...陈词滥调”；banal...beliefs"陈

腐的...信仰dubious…habits”可疑的习惯”；philosophical.questions”哲学

的……问题根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是A。

二、阅读理解（本题共730题，每题7.0分，共730

分。）

Justiceinsocietymustincludebothafairtrialtotheaccusedandtheselectionofan

appropriatepunishmentforthoseprovenguilty.Becausejusticeisregardedasoneform

ofequality,wefindinitsearlierexpressiontheideaofapunishmentequaltothecrime.

RecordedintheBibleistheexpression"aneyeforaneye,andatoothforatooth."That

is,theindividualwhohasdonewronghascommittedanoffenseagainstsociety.Tomake

repaymentforthisoffense,societymustgetequallybalanced,whichcanbedoneonlyby

imposinganequalinjuryuponhim.Thisconceptionofdeserved-punishmentjusticeis

reflectedinmanypartsofthelegalcodesandproceduresofmodemtimes,whichis

illustratedwhenwcdemandthedeathpenaltyforapersonwhohascommittedmurder.

ThisphilosophyofpunishmentwassupportedbytheGermanidealistHegel,who

believedthatsocietyowedittothecriminaltoputintooperationapunishmentequalto

thecrimehehadcommitted.Thecriminalhadbyhisownactionsdeniedhistrueselfand

itisnecessarytodosomethingthatwilleliminatethisdenialandrestoretheselfthathas

beendenied.Tothemurderernothinglessthangivinguphislifewillpayhisdebt.The

demandforthedeathpenaltyisarightthestateowesthecriminalanditshouldnotdeny

himwhathedeserves.Modernjuristshavetriedtoreplacedeserved-punishmentjustice

withthenotionofcorrectivejustice.Theaimofthelatterisnottoabandontheconceptof

equalitybuttofindamoreadequatewaytoexpressit.Ittriestopreservetheideaof

equalopportunityforeachindividualtorealize,thebestthatisinhim.Thisdoesnot

meanthatcriminalswillescapepunishmentorbequicklyreturnedtotakeupcareersof

crime.Itmeansthatjusticeistohealtheindividual,notsimplytogetevenwithhim.

Therefore,hisconvictionofcrimemustnotdeprivehimoftheopportunitytomakehis

wayinthesocietyofwhichheisapart.

31、AccordingtotheBible,theconceptofequalityinjusticemeans.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据文中intheBibleistheexpression4uaneyefbraneye,andatoothfor

atooth.”知，圣经提倡给予犯罪的人应有的惩罚，即，罚当抵罪。

32、Theresultofdeserved-punishmentjusticeis.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据文中第三段第一句，判断选D。

33、Inthesentence:"societyowedittothecriminaltoputintooperationapunishment

equaltothecrimehehadcommitted"theunderlinedpartcanbeinterpretedas:society

标准答案：B

知识?解析：句意为“社会有责任让犯罪分子得到应有的惩罚”，选B。

34、Themaindifferencebetweendeserved-punishmentandcorrectivejusticeis.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据最后一段大意，deserved-punishment强调犯罪分子受到的惩罚应

该与其犯罪程度等值；而correctivejuslice不赞成“以眼还眼，以牙还牙”，重在对

其进行拯救。

35、Comparedwiththeoldjusticeconcept,modemlawasshowninthispassageis

标准答案：A

知识点解析：..justiceistohealtheindividual,notsimplytogetevenwith

him.”，选A。vengeful,复仇的；effective,有效的，高效的；jusl,正义的，公

正的；reasonable,合理的。

WhatMakesa"MillennialMind"?(1)Since1000AD,around30billionpeoplehave

beenbornonourplanet.Thevastmajorityhavecomeandgoneunknowntoallbuttheir

friendsandfamily.Afewhaveleftsometraceonhistory:adiscoverymade,perhaps,or

arecordbroken.Ofthose,fewerstillarcrememberedlongaftertheirdeath.Yetofallthe

peoplewhohavelivedtheirlivesduringthelast1,000years,just38haveachievedthe

statusof"MillennialMinds'*"that'sbarelyoneinabillion.ThosewhoselivesFocushas

chronicledhavethusbecomemembersofpossiblythemostexclusivelistofalltime.And

choosingwhoshouldbeincludedwasnoteasy.(2)Fromthebeginning,thesinglemost

importantcriterionwasthatthe"MillennialMinds"arethosewhodidmorethanmerely

achievegreatnessintheirowntime,orinonefield.ThusmerewinnersofNobelPrizes

hadnoautomaticrighttoinclusion,norartistswhogainedfameintheirownera,but

whosereputationhasfadedwithchangingfashion.Theachievementsofthegenuine

"MillennialMind"affectourlivesevennow,ofteninwayssofundamentalthatitishard

toimaginewhat'theworldwaslikebefore.(3)Noteventranscendentgeniuswas'enough

toguaranteeaplaceintheFocuslist.Torateasa"MillennialMind",thelifeand

achievementsalsohadtoeastlightonthecomplexnatureofcreativity:itsorigins,nature,

anditspersonalcost.

36、Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：C项的意思是：Focus的“MillennialMinds”名单是由经过严格挑选的

少数人组成的，这是对的。A项意思是“这个名单是秘密选出来“，显然不对；B项

的意思是：Focus给“MillennialMinds”编了一本传记，但文章中并没有提到;D项

的意思是：Focus极力想把那些著名的人物排除在外，这显然是不对的。

37、Accordingtothesecondparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：从第二段第一句"whodidmorethanmerelyachievegreatnessintheir

owntime,orinonefield”可知B不对。D表达不准确，那些MillennialMinds的成

就对我们生活的影响是如此根本的，以致我们难以想像以前的世界是什么样子的，

并不是说使我们不能记得过去的事物是什么样子的。A由题可知明显不正确，所以

本题应选C。

38、Inthefirstsentenceofthethirdparagraph,"transcendentgenius"means.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：“transcendent”是“卓越的，出众的”的意思。

39、Inthethirdparagraph,thephrase"castlighton"canbereplacedby

标准答案：C

知识点解析：castlighton和shedlighton都有“使清楚,使明白地显示出来”的意

思。

TributetoDr.CarloUrbani,IdentifierofSARS(1)Onthe29thofMarch,2003,the

WorldHealthOrganizationdoctorCarloUrbanidiedofSevereAcuteRespiratory

Syndrome,thefast-spreadingpneumoniathathadkilled54peopleworldwide.(2)The

46-year-oldItaliandoctorwasthefirstWHOofficertoidentifytheoutbreakofthisnew

diseaseinanAmericanbusinessman.Dr.UrbanifirstsawtheUSbusinessmanonFeb.

28,twodaysafterthepatienthadbeenadmittedtoahospitalinHanoi.AlthoughUrbani

hadwornamask,helackedgogglesandotherprotectiveclothing.Hebegandemanding

thatHanoihospitalsstockuponprotectivegearandtightenupinfectioncontrol

procedures.Buthewasfrustratedathowlongitwastakingtoteachinfection-control

procedurestopeopleinhospitals.Therewereshortagesofsupplies,likedisposable

masks,gowns,gloves.(31Afterthreeweeksofround-the-clockeffort,Urbani'ssuperior

urgedhimtotakeafewdaysofftoattendamedicalmeetinginBangkok,wherehewas

totalkonchildhoodparasites.Thedayafterhearrived,hebeganfeelingill-with

symptomsofthenewdisease.Hecalledhiswife,nowlivinginHanoiwiththeirthree

children.Hesaid:"GobacktoItalyandtakethechildren,becausethiswillbetheendfor

me."Dr.Urbanidevelopedafeverandwasputintoisolationwhereheremaineduntilhis

death.TheWHOrepresentativeinHanoisaid:"Hewasverymuchadoctor,hisfirstgoal

wastohelppeople."(4)HewasburiedonApril2,2003inCastclplanio,centralItaly,

leavingbehindhiswifeandchildren.Themeasureshehelpedputinplacebeforehis

deathappeartohavedousedtheSARSwildfireinVietnam.

40WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：从第二段可得出，Dr.Urbani在给那名美国商人治病的时候，虽然

戴了面罩，但没有目镜，和其他的隔离服装，这也就暗含着他是被这名美国商人感

染的，因此A项是正确的。文章末尾的那句话只能说明他帮忙采取了一些措施，

但具体是什么措施并没有点明，因此错误的应该是D。

41、Inthethirdparagraph,"threeweeksofround-clockeffort"means.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：由第二段的最后几句话可以看出来；在这三个星期里，Dr.Urbani

是在帮助医院采取控制措施。

42、Accordingtothecontext,theword"doused"inthelastsentenceofthispassage

couldbebestreplacedwith.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：extinguished和douse一样，都有“熄灭，消灭'’的意思。

Whenhewassofaroutthathecouldlookbacknotonlyonthelittlebaybutpastthe

stretchofrockthatwasbetweenitandtheseashore,hefloatedonthewarmsurfaceand

lookedforhismother.Thereshewasalineyellowdotunderanumbrellathatlookedlike

apieceoforange-skin.Heswambacktoshorejelievedatbeingsureshewasthere,butall

atonceverylonely.Ontheothersideofthebaywasaloosescatteringofrocks.Above

them,someboyswerestrippingofftheirclothes.Theycamerunning,theirbodies

bare,downtotherocks.Jerryswamtowardsthem,andkepthisdistancealittlewayoff.

Theywereoffthatcoast,allofthemburnedsmoothdarkbrown,andspeakingalanguage

hedidnotunderstand.Tobewiththem,ofthem,wasafeelingthatfilledhiswholebody.

Heswamalittlecloser:theyturnedandwatchedhimwithnarrowed,attentivedarkeves.

Thenonesmiledandwaved.Itwasenoughnervousness.Theyshoutedcheerfulgreetings

athim,andthen,ashepreservedhisnervous,puzzledsmile,theyunderstoodthathewasa

foreignerwhohadwanderedfromhisownpartofthesands,andtheypromptlyforgot

him.Buthewashappy.Hewaswiththem.Theybegandivingagainandagainfroma

highpointintoawellofblueseabetweenrough,pointedrocks.Aftertheyhaddivedand

comeup,theyswamround,pullcdthemselvesup,andwaitedtheirturntodiveagain.They

werebigboys—mentoJerry.Hedived,andtheywatchedhim,andwhenheswamround

totakehisplace,theymadewayforhim.Hefelthewasaccepted,andhedived

again,carefully,proudofhimself.Soon(hebiggestoftheboysbalancedhimself,shot

downintothewateranddidnotcomeup.Theothersstoodabout,watching.Jerry,after

waitingforthesmoothbrownheadtoappear,letoutacryofwarning;theylookedathim

idlyandturnedtheireyesbacktowardsthewater.Afteralongtime,theboycameupon

theothersideofabigdarkrockjettingtheairescapesuddenlyfromhislungswithmuch

coughingandspitting,andgivingashoutofsatisfaction,immcdiatcly,thcrestofthem

divedin.Onemomentthemorningseemedfullofboysasnoisyasacrowdofmonkeys;

thenext,theairandthesurfaceofthewaterwereempty.Butthroughtheheavyblue,dark

shapescouldbeseenmovingandsearching.Jerrydived,shotpasttheschoolof

underwaterswimmers,sawablackwallofrocktoweringoverhim.touchedit.andshot

upatoncetothesurface,wheretherockformedalowwallhecouldseeacross.There

wasnooneinsight,underhim,inthewateritheshadowyshapesoftheswimmershad

disappeared.Thenoneandthenanotheroftheboyscamegaporholeinit.Hedived

downagain.Hecouldseenothingthroughthestingingsaltwaterbutthesolidrock.

Whenhecameup,theboyswereallonthedivingrock,preparingtoattemptthetrick

again.Andnow,overcomewithasenseoffailure,heshoutedupinEnglish:"Lookatme!

Look!*'andhebegansplashingandkickinginthewaterlikeafoolishdog.

43、Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：题目问：从文章内容可以得出什么结论?第二段第十句"Theyshouted

cheerfulgreetingsathim,andthen,ashepreservedhisncnfous»puzzledsmile,they

understoodthathewasaforeignerwhohadwanderedfromhisownpartofthesands.”

通过这句话可知，他们高声向他欢呼，因为他仍然有些紧张，笑得也有些迷茫，所

以他们明白了他是一名远离自己故乡的外地人。据此判断，答案是C。

44、Theword"bare"inParagraph2means.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：题目问:第二段的单词“bare”是什么意思?bare的意思是：“赤裸的”。

各选项的意思是：indisguise”伪装"；inthelimelight“出风头";bominthegutter”出

身贫苦”；intheraw”处于自然状态的，天然的；裸体的“。所以，答案是D。

45、Atthebeginning,Jerrywasswimming.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：题目问：在开始的时候，Jerry怎么样?第一段“Whenhewassofarout

thathecouldlookbacknotonlyonthelittlebaybutpastthestretchofrockthatwas

betweenitandtheseashore,hefloatedonthewarmsurfaceandlookedforhis

mother.”通过这句话可知，当他游得很远时，他回头不仅可以看见小海滩，而且

跨过海滩还可以看到其中的岩石和海滨，他漂浮在水中，并寻找着他的母亲。所

以，答案是B。

46>Whathappenedtothebiggestboy?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：题目问：最大的男孩发生了什么事?倒数第二段第四句"Afteralong

time,theboycameupontheothersideofabigdarkrock,lettingtheairescape

suddenlyfromhislungswithmuchcoughingandspitting,andgivingashoutof

satisfaction”通过这句话可知，那个男孩是为了想在水下待尽可能长时间。所以，答

案是A。

47、Jerrysplashedandkickedinthewaterbecause.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：题目问：Jerry在水中又踢又溅水花，是因为什么?最后•段最后一句

“Andnow,overcomewithasenseoffailure,heshoutedupinEnglish：”Lookat

me!Look!”andhebegansplashingandkickinginthewaterlikeafoolishdog.”通过这

段话可知，Jerry在水中又踢又溅水花，是为了引起其他男孩的注意。所以，答案

是Do

Awisemanoncesaidthattheonlythingnecessaryfbrthetriumphofevilisforgood

mentodonothing.So,asapoliceofficer,Ihavesomeurgentthingstosaytogood

people.DaysafterdaysmymenandIstruggletoholdbackatidalwaveofcrime.

Somethinghasgoneterriblywrongwithouronce-proudAmericanwayoflife.Ithas

happenedintheareaofvalues.Akeyingredientisdisappearing,andIthinkIknowwhat

itis:accountability.Accountabilityisn'thardtodefine.Itmeansthateverypersonis

responsiblefbrhisorheractionsandliablefortheirconsequences.Ofthemanyvalues

thatholdcivilizationtogether-honesty,kindnessandsoonaccountabilitymaybethe

mostimportantofall.Wi:houtit,therecanbenorespect,notrust,nolawandultimately

nosociety.Myjobasapoliceofficeristoimposeaccountabilitytopeoplewhorefuse,or

haveneverlearned,toimposeitonthemselves.Butaseverypolicemanknows,external

controlsonpeople'sbehaviorarefarlesseffectivethaninternalrestraintssuchasguilt,

shameandembarrassment.Fortunatelytherearcstillcommunities—smallertowns,

usuallywhereschoolsmaintaindisciplinesandwhereparentsholdupstandardsthat

proclaim,"inthisfamilycertainthingsarenottolerated-theysimplyarenotdone!"Yet

moreandmore,especiallyinourlargercitiesandsuburbs,theseinnerrestraintsare

loosening.Yourtypicalrobberhasnone.Heconsidersyourpropertyhisproperty;he

takeswhathewants,includingyourlifeifyouenragehim.Themaincauseofthis

breakdownisaradicalshiftinattitudes.Thirtyyearsago,ifacrimewascommitted,

societywasconsideredthevictim.Now,inashockingreversal,it'sthecriminalwhois

consideredvictimized:byhisunderprivilegedupbringing,bytheschoolthatdidn'tteach

himtoread,bythechurchthatfailedtoreachhimwithmoralguidance,bytheparents

whodidn'tprovideastablehome.Idon'tbelieveit.Manyothersinequally

disadvantagedcircumstanceschoosenottoengageincriminalactivities.Ifwefreethe

criminal,evenpartly,fromaccountability,webecomeasocietyofendlessexcuseswhere

nooneacceptsresponsibilityforanything.WcinAmericadesperatelyneedmorepeople

whobelievethatthepersonwhocommitsacrimeistheoneresponsibleforit.

48Whatthewisemansaidsuggeststhat.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第一段，智者的话意思是“邪恶获胜的惟一条件是好人不采取任何行

动”，言外之意，如果好人不采取行动，邪恶肯定会盛行，选项B正确。

49、Accordingtotheauthor,ifapersonisfoundguiltyofacrime,.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：结尾段落，作者指出美国需要更多人认为thepersonwhocommitsa

crimeistheoneresponsibleit”罪犯实施犯罪行为责任应归咎于他自身“，选项C正

确。

50、Comparedwiththoseinsmalltowns,peopleinlargecitieshave.

标准答案：A

知识点诵析：第六段，作者指出，幸运地是有些小团休(通常是学校或小城镇)为然

存在discipline,第七段，作者义谈至ljinlargercitiesandsuburbstheseinnerrestraints

arcloosening,可判断人城市居民要比小城镇居民缺少自律。

51、Thewriterissorrytohavenoticedthat.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：倒数第三段，作者指出“令人吃惊的是现在it'sthecriminalwhois

consideredvictimized,\随后，作者说Idon'tbelieveit,并指出，如果我们释放

罪犯，那美国就会成为一个充满借口的社会，没有人会接受责任。可判断作者感到

遗憾的是人们为罪犯找各种借口，选项A正确。

52、Thekeypointofthepassageisthat.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：通篇文章作者围绕accountability展开论述，并借当今社会人们为罪

犯找借口推脱责任的例子指出人们应当对个人行为负责，选项D正确。

Theincreaseinglobaltrademeansthatinternationalccmpaniescannotaffordtomake

costlyadvertisingmistakesiftheywanttobecompetitive.Understandingthelanguage

andcultureoftargetmarketsinforeigncountriesisoneofthekeystosuccessful

internationalmarketing.Toomanycompanies,however,havejumpedintoforeign

marketswithembarrassingresults.Translationmistakesareattheheartofmanyblunders

ininternationaladvertising.GeneralMotors,theUSautomanufacturer,gotacostly

lessonwhenitintroduceditsChevroletNovatothePuertoRicanmarket."Nova11isLatin

for"new(slar)"andmeans^star"inmanylanguages,butinspokenSpanishitcansound

like"nova",meaning"itdoesn'tgo”.Fewpeoplewantedtobuyacarwiththatcursed

meaning.WhenGMchangedthenametoCaribe,sales"pickedup"dramatically.

Marketingblundershavealsobeenmadebyfoodandbeveragecompanies.One

Americanfoodcompany'sfriendly"JollyGreenGiantu(foradvertising

vegetables)becamesomethingquitedifferentwhenitwastranslatedintoArabicas

"IntimidatingGreenOgre”.WhentranslatedintoGerman,Pepsi'spopularslogan,"Come

AlivewithPepsi"cameoutimplying"ComeAlivefromtheGrave'1.Nowonder

customersinGermanydidn'trushouttobuyPepsi.Successfulinternationalmarketing

doesn'tstopwithgoodtranslations-otheraspectsofculturemustberesearchedand

understoodifmarketersarctoavoidblunders.Whenmarketersdonotunderstandand

appreciatethevalues,tastes,geography,climate,superstitions,religion,oreconomyofa

culture,theyfailtocapturetheirtargetmarket.Forexample,anAmericandesignertried

tointroduceanewperfumeintotheLatinAmericanmarketbuttheproductarousedlittle

interest.Themainreasonwasthatthecamelliausedinitwastraditionallyusedfor

funeralsinmanySouthAmericancountries.Havingawakenedtothespecialnatureof

foreignadvertising,companiesarebecomingmuchmoreconscientiousintheir

translationsandmoresensitivetoculturaldistinctions.Thebestwaytopreventerrorsis

tohireprofessionaltranslatorswhounderstandthetargetlanguageanditsidiomatic

usage,ortouseatechniquecalled"backtranslation"toreducethepossibilityofblunders.

Theprocessusesonepersontotranslateamessageintothetargetlanguageandanother

totranslateitback.Effectivetranslatorsaimtocapturetheoverallmessageofan

advertisementbecauseaword-for-wordduplicationoftheoriginalrarelyconveysthe

intendedmeaningandoftencausesmisunderstandings.Indesigningadvertisementsfor

othercountries,messagesneedtobeshortandsimple.Theyshouldalsoavoidjokes,

sincewhatisconsideredfunnyinonepartoftheworldmaynotbesohumorousin

another.

53、Thebesttitleofthispassagemightbe.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：通读全文可知文章主要讨论广告如何在不同的文化中取得正面理想效

果，归纳时应抓住文化和广告这两点，符合题意的只有A。

54、Whatdoestheword"blunder11meaninthispassage?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：blundern.(由于愚昧、无知、粗心等造成的)大错：vi.犯大错误，

跌跌撞撞地走；vl.笨拙地做/说出，本文中的意思显然是“大错”，所以选B。

55、Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeusedtosummarizethegistfrom

Paragraph3toParagraph6?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第三段至第六段的大意就在第三段里可以找到，Translationmistakes

areattheheartofmanyblundersininternationaladvertising.句意为：错误是国际广

告众多错误的根源。第四到六段举例说明这句话的含义，所以选B。

56、WecanlearnfromthecontextinParagraph9thattheword"camellia"