山东省济宁市2020-2022届(三年)高三一模英语试题汇编：阅读理解

山东省济宁市2020-2022届（三年）高三一模英语试题分类汇编阅读理解山东省济宁市2022届高三一模英语试卷第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThetwo-weekHarvardPre-CollegeProgramisanintenseandexcitingexperienceofthecollegelife.Theadmissioncommitteeisnowlookingformature,academicallymotivatedstudentswhowillgraduatefromhighschoolandentercollegein2022.TheCourseExperienceWithover30coursestochoosefrom,you’resuretofindatopicthatinterestsyou.Althoughcoursesarenon-creditanddonothavelettergrades,youneedtoattendtheclassinitsentirety.Whenclassisnotinsession,youcanparticipateincreativeandsocialactivities.Attheendoftheprogram,you’llreceiveawrittenevaluationfromyourinstructor,aswellasatranscript（成绩单）.Time·July24—August5HowtoApplyCompleteanonlineapplicationandprovidesupplemental（补充的）materials,including：·The$75non-refundableapplicationfee.·Transcriptsfrom9thgradetofall2021grades:Thiscanincludeprogressreports,reportcards,andeducationalsummariesfromyourhighschool.·IfEnglishisnotyournativelanguage,submitscoresfromtheTOEFLIBTorIELTSlanguageproficiencyexamalongwithyourapplication.Cost&AidThetotalfeeforaHarvardPre-CollegeProgram2022sessionis$4,950.Theprogramfeeincludestuition,roomandboard,andactivitycostsforthefulltwoweeks.Thereisalsoanon-refundable$75applicationfeeand$100healthinsurance.Alimitednumberofscholarshipsareavailabletoassiststudentswhodemonstratefinancialneed.Awardsvarybasedonneed,andatypicalawardcoverspartofthetuition.HowtocontactusInterestedinlearningmoreabouttheprogram?Completeourrequestform,andamemberofourteamwillcontactyou.Phone:（617）495-4023Email:precollege@summer.1.Whichisarequirementforstudentsattendingthecourse?A.Completing30courses.B.Gettingrequiredcredits.C.Havingafullattendance.D.Prioritizingsocialactivities.2.Whatshouldbeincludedinsupplementalmaterials?A.Healthcertificate.B.Academicconditions.C.Financialdeclaration.D.Personalintegrity.3.What’sthefullpaymentforanadmittedstudentontheprogram?A.$75.B.$100.C.$4,950.D.$5,125.BOnJanuary22,2022,theBritish-Belgian19-year-old,ZaraRutherford,successfullylandedhertwo-seatmicrolightaircraftbackattheKortrijk-WevelgemAirport,fromwhereshehaddeparted155daysago,fulfillingherdreamtobetheyoungestwomantoflyaroundtheworldsolo.“IfeelexcitednotonlytobreaktheGuinnessWorldRecord,butalsotodiminishthegendergapby11yearsbetweenthecurrentyoungestmalerecordholderTravisLudlow18atthetimeofhisrecord,andthepreviousfemalerecordholderShaestaWaez,whowas30whenshecompletedher‘DreamsSoar’around-the-worldflight.”Rutherfordwroteonherblog.Rutherford’sjourneycrossingfivecontinentsand52countriesbeganonAugust18,2021.Sheencounterednumerousunexpecteddelaysalongtheway.TheyincludedanunscheduledstopinRedding,California,duetowildfiresandamonth-longstopinNome,Alaska,torenewherRussianvisa.Shealsofacedseveralchallengesintheair.WhenflyingfromIcelandtoGreenland,Rutherfordlostradiocontactwithhergroundteamformuchofthe3-hourflight.TheincidentsalsoresultedinherhavingtocrossoverRussiainsub-zerotemperatures.ThehardestpartwasflyingoverSiberia—itwasextremelycoldandiftheenginebrokedown,she’dbehoursawayfromrescue.Despitetheseveredifficulties,thedeterminedyoungpilotnevergaveuponherdream.Rutherfordgrewuparoundairplanes.HerBritishfatherfliescommercially,whileherBelgianmotherisarecreationalpilot.Theyounggirlbeganlearninghowtoflyatage14andobtainedheraviators（飞行员）licensein2020.Withhergoalofflyingaroundtheworldaccomplished,Rutherfordnowhashersightssetevenhigher.Shewantstobecomeanastronautandexplorespace.Shehopesthatherjourneywillencouragemoreyoungwomentopursuecareersinaviation.Currentlythenumberoffemalepilotsisjust5percent.Rutherfordsays,“It’saneasythingtosay,butjustgoforit.Ifyoudon’ttryandseehowhighyoucanfly,thenyou’llneverknow.”4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminish”inparagraph2probablymean?A.NarrowB.Divide.C.Fill.D.Cause.5.WhydidRutherfordhavetostopinNome?A.Thewildfiresweretoofierce.B.HerRussianvisawasdue.C.Theweatherwastoosevere.D.Herenginebrokedown.6.What’sthepurposeofparagraph4?A.Toswitchtoanewtopic.B.Tosummarizeherachievements.C.Toillustrateheradmirabletalents.D.Toaddsomebackgroundinformation.7.Whatdoesthepassagetrytoconvey?A.Lifeisnotallroses.B.Dreambig,aimhigh.C.Nottoadvanceistogoback.D.Thegreatesttalkers,theleastdoers.CLaunchedinSingaporelastNovember,HongKong-basedcompanyOmnifoodshasintroducedarangeofsixplant-basedseafoodtostandinfortuna（金枪鱼）,crabandwhitefish.Similartotheirporksubstitutes（替代品）,thenewproductsaresaidtoofferasafeandalternativesourceofproteinwhiletacklingenvironmentalconcernslikeoverfishingandworseningoftheseas.Omnifoods’expansioncomesatatimewhenthemarketforplant-basedproductsisgrowing.AccordingtoEnterpriseSingapore,localinterestinsensibleconsumptiondoubledin2021,andflexitarians—peoplewhoprimarilyeataplant-baseddietbutoccasionallyconsumemeatorseafood—representthefastestgrowth.Theoceanisanotherreasoncitedastheneedforplant-basedseafood.Theaveragepersonhereconsumed22kgofseafoodlastyear,surpassingtheglobalaverageof20kg.TheWorldWideFundforNature（WWF）alsoobservedthatthreequartersoftheseafoodservedinSingaporeisunsustainable.Besides,fishfarminginvolvestheuseofchemicalstopreventdiseaseandparasitesandthesechemicalsthenaccumulateinfishtissues,whichbecomesaseriousthreattopeople'shealth.Omnifoodssaystheirproductsaddressalltheseconcerns.Madeprimarilyfromnon-geneticallymodifiedsoybeans,theplant-basedalternativesarefreeofharmfulsubstances,absolutelysafe.Thecompanypointedoutthattheproductsshareasimilarlook,feelandtasteoftherealthing.“We’vedonepilottastetestswithfriends,family,andonesushirestaurant.Manyadmiretheappearanceandmouthfeelthatourtunaproducthasaswellasitsnutritionalbenefits.Nowwearestrugglingtoimproveourproductuntilit’sanexactmatchortastesbetterthananimal-basedtuna,”addedDavidYeung.BesidesOmnifoods,Singaporecompaniesarealsoexploringthealternativeseafoodmarket.GrowthwellGrouprecentlyraisedUS$22milliontofunditsattemptintoshrimp,squidandcrabmadeusingchickpeaprotein.“Globaldemandforplant-basedmeatsisalsoshootingup,withthevaluesettoreachUS$23.2billionby2024,”saidmarketresearchcompanyEuromonitor.8.Whichisthehighlightoftheplant-basedseafood?A.Beingreasonably-priced.B.Beingphysically-appealing.C.Beingenvironmentally-friendly.D.Beingpersonally-tailored.9.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlyfocuson?A.Therecenttrendinpeople’sdiet.B.Thepotentialrisksoffishingfarming.C.ThemethodsofOmnifoodsexpandingitsbusiness.D.Thefactorsdrivingthepopularityofplant-basedseafood.10.Whichbestdescribestheprospectofthealternativeseafoodmarket?A.Promising.B.Risky.C.Worrying.D.Uncertain.11.What’sthebesttitleofthetext?A.RealSeafoodIstobeReplacedB.Alternative-seafoodHasaLongWaytoGoC.Omnifoods:APioneerofPlant-basedSeafoodD.NextFoodFrontier:SeafoodMadeFromPlantsDScientistsfromtheNationalUniversityofSingaporestudiedhowmuchtimetwinsspentinnaturalspacescomparedwitheachotherandfoundthattheysharedasimilarlevelofdesiretobeinnature.“Thereasonwedecidedtostudythisintwinsisthatwecouldestimateheritability（遗传性）basedonthegeneticsimilaritiesinidenticaltwins（100%）versusgeneticsimilaritiesinnon-identicaltwins（50%）,”saidChia-chenChang,wholedthestudy.“Ifatrait（特性）,suchasthedesiretobeinnature,isclearlymoresimilarbetweenidenticaltwinsthannon-identicaltwins,thiswillthensuggestatraitisheritable.”UsingtheTwinsUKregistry,researcherssurveyed1,153pairsoftwins—identicalandnon-identical—abouthowtheyexperiencednature.Theywererequiredtoanswerquestionsinvolvinghowfrequentlytheyvisitnaturalspacessuchaspublicparksandprivategardensandratetheirfamiliaritywithnature.Aftercomparingandanalyzingthecollecteddata,researchersfoundthatidenticaltwinsweremoresimilartoeachotherintheirattitudestowardsnature.Whilepreviousstudieshavefoundthatspendingtimeinnaturalspacesimprovesmentalwell-being,thisvariesfrompersontoperson.Forthefirsttime,theresearcherssay,thisstudyhasindicatedwhythatisbysuggestingthereislikelytobeageneticcomponentinourpreferencefornatureandourlikelihoodtovisitnaturalspaces.However,heritabilitydeclinedwithage,perhapsshowingthatenvironmentalfactorssuchasaccesstonatureandgreenspacesbringaboutaloveoftheoutdoorsasonegrowsolder.Thatistosay,aperson’sdesiretobeinnatureandhowoftentheyexperienceitareinfluencedbybothgenesandpersonalexperiences.Thosewholiveinurbanenvironmentswithoutaccesstonaturecouldenduphavingalesserappreciationofit.Hence,it’snecessarythatdiverseurbanplanningisneededtoprovideaccesstonaturalspaces—andthebenefitstheyoffer—forall.12.Whyweretwinschosenassubjectsofthestudy?A.Toacquiremoreaccurateresults.B.Toconfirmthepreviousstudies.C.Tomeasuretheirgenesimilarity.D.Toidentifytheirspecifichobbies.13.Howdidtheresearcherscarryoutthestudy?A.Byanalyzingpreviousdata.B.Byreferringtoonlineresources.C.Byaskingandansweringquestions.D.Bydoinganexperimentinthelab14.Whatisspecialaboutthisstudy?A.Ittakesgenesintoconsideration.B.IttakesadvantageoftheInternet.C.Itprovidesanewinsightintotheroleofnature.D.Itrevealsthelinkbetweennatureandmentalhealth.15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.One’slovefornatureisinvariable.B.Cityplanningleavesmuchtobedesired.C.Itmaybeabetterchoicetoliveinruralareas.D.Genesaretheonlyfactorinshapingone’straits.山东省济宁市2021届高三一模英语试卷第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AReadytostartanexcitingnewjourneyandpursueaneducationinNationalUniversityofSingapore?OverseasTrainingProgramforseniorhighschoolgraduatesmaybeyourchance.Ourteamisheretowalkyouthroughtheapplicationprocessandansweranyandallofyourquestionsalongtheway.Qualifications•Theapplicantmustbeanon-Singaporeancitizenholdingaforeignpassport.•Applicantshavenocriminalrecord,observeSingaporeangovernmentlaws,regulations,andrespectthecustomsandhabitsoftheSingaporeanpeople.•Applicantsshouldbeover18yearsold.•Applicantsshouldbephysicallyandmentallyhealthy.•ApplicantsshouldbeabletocommunicateinEnglish.ApplicationTime：July10,2021toSeptember1,2021Enrollment（入学）Date：September10,2021ApplicationProcedure•Applicantsshouldvisittheofficialwebsitetoinquireaboutthe2021admissioninformationandfillintheApplicationForm.•Applicantsshallnametheapplicationmaterialsaccordingtothelist,packthefolderandsendittoourschoolandtheschoolwillevaluatetheadmissionqualification.•Applicantswhohavepassedtheadmissionqualificationreviewwillparticipateintheintervieworwrittentestorganizedbythedepartmentthatyouapplyfor.•Thequalifiedcandidateswillfinallyreceiveouradmissionletter.FeesItemsFull-timeGraduateProgramsTextbooksInsuranceAccommodationFees(peryear)$5,000$500$100SingleDouble$1,000$5001.Whichofthefollowingwillresultindisqualification?A.BeingaSingaporeancitizen.B.Havingacleanpersonalrecord.C.Havingasoundbodyandmind.D.HavingagoodcommandofEnglish.2.Whatcanensuretheapplicantsaninterviewopportunity?A.Ahightestscore.B.Anapplicationform.C.Overseasstudyingexperience.D.Qualifiedapplicationdocuments.3.What'sthetotalannualcostforastudenthopingtolivealone?A.$1,000. B.$6,600. C.$6,100. D.$5,600.BIamthrilledtowelcomeyoutothe20thannualRogerEbert'sFilmFestival,aspecialeventinpartnershipwiththeUniversityofIllinoisCollegeofMedia,thegreaterChampaign-Urbanacommunity,andmovieloverseverywhere.Littledidwethink,backin1999,thatourexperimentinreinventingthefilmfestival—tomakeafestivalthatcelebratedoverlookedfilmsandthewomenandmenwhomadethosefilms—wouldbecomealandmarkannualeventinthelifeofourcommunityandcontributetotherepairsoftheremarkableVirginiaTheater.Inselectingthefilmsforthisyear,ChazEbertandIlookedtowomenfilmmakersforourinspiration.Fullyhalfofourfilmsareeitherdirectedorco-directedbywomen,andseveralothershavewomeninpowerfulproducingroles.Filmsdirectedorco-directedbywomeninclude13th,directedbyAvaDuVernay9Belle,directedbyAmmaAsante,andAmericanSplendor,directedbyShariSpringerBermanandRobertPulcini.AndwomenproducersincludeLyndaObstandEmmaThomaswinterstellar,andRuthAnnHarnischandDanielleRenfrewBehrens(Columbus).OuropeningnightfilmisTheFugitivedirectedbyAndrewDavis,agraduatefromUniversityofIllinois.OurSaturdaynightfilmistheclassicTheBigLebozvski.OurguestwillbetheHollywoodmasterJeffDowd.AndofcourseTheAlloyOrchestrawillbeback,thisyearwithAPageofMadness,theclassicJapanesesilentfilm.Wewouldliketothankoursponsors,volunteers,festivalpassholders,andindividualticketholdersfortheirwelcomeparticipation.WelookforwardtoyourunwaveringsupporttomakeourfestivalmoresuccessfuleachspringincentralIllinois.WeespeciallywanttothanktheUniversityofIllinoisfortheirloyalsupportyearafteryear.4.WhatwasthepurposeofreinventingRogerEbert'sFilmFestivalin1999?A.Toenrichthelifeofresidents.B.TohelprebuildVirginiaTheater.C.ToworkcloselywiththeUniversityofIllinois.D.Tohonorpeoplewhosefilmswerenotbox-officehits.5.Whatisthefocusofthisyear'sfilmselection?A.Hollywoodclassics.B.Filmsproducedordirectedbywomen.C.Diversityinthemes.D.Storiesfeaturingfemaleleadingroles.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unwavering”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Consistent. B.Original. C.Legal. D.Conditional.7.Whoismostlikelytheauthorofthepassage?A.ThePresidentoftheUniversityofIllinois.B.AmoviecriticwhoisafriendoftheEberts.C.AmemberoftheFestival'sorganizingcommittee.D.AjournalistwhoreportsstoriesabouttheFestival.CDuringadeclineintourism,onenationalparkinThailandhasseenadramaticrisein“visitors”recently.Somanyarethehermitcrabs（寄居蟹）floodingintotheotherwiseemptybeachesofKohLantathatshells（贝壳）forthemtoliveinhavebecomeinshortsupply.TheThaigovernmentmovedquicklytoeasethehousingshortage,launchingapublicappealforemptyshellsthatnettedover200kg.OnDecember5theseweredistributedaroundtheparkinaceremony.Hermitcrabsrelyonshellstoprotecttheirsoftbodies,movingtolargershellsastheygrow.OnKohLantaandthesurroundingsmallerislands,theirrapidincreaseseemstobeanaturalphenomenon,ratherthandirectlyrelatedtotheabsenceoftourists.Buttheshortageofshellsmaybeman-made：prettyoneshavelongbeengatheredtobesoldasgoods.Crabshadbeguntomakedowithpotentialdeath-trapssuchasplasticcapsandbottles.Theshelldrivewaspartofagovernmentinitiativeto“regainthebalanceofnature”.“Ihaveinstructedallnationalparkstodowhateverittakes,”saysVarawutSilpa-archa,theministerfornaturalresources.HisinspirationcomesfromthepauseintourismbroughtonbyCOVID-19.Abanoninternationalvisitorsandtheclosureofnationalparkshavehelpednaturerecover,bringingendangeredleatherbackturtlesbackontoThaibeaches.InthecoastalprovincesofPhangNgaandPhuket,turtleshavelaidthelargestnumberofeggsfor20years.ThegovernmenthasdecidedtotrytocopytheshortbreakforcedonitbyCOVID-19infuture.Fromnowon,allnationalparkswillberequiredtocloseforashortperiodduringtheoff-seasonandtolimitthenumberoftouriststhroughareservationsystemwhentheyareopen.Althoughsuchrestrictionsmeanreducedearningsfromtourismintheshortterm,inthelongerrunmoreparksmayhelptokeepthetouristscoming.8WhathappenedtothebeachesofKohLantarecently?A.Theygotfloodedbyseawater.B.Theybecamecompletelyempty.C.Theywerepackedwithhermitcrabs.D.Theysawaconstantstreamoftourists.9.Whatcontributedtothehousingshortageforhermitcrabs?A.Naturaldisasters.B.Humanactivities.C.Theirpreferenceforbottles.D.Thegovernment'sinvolvement.10.Whyareturtlesmentionedinparagraph4?A.Towarnturtlesaredyingout.B.Toprovebeachesaretheiridealhabitats.C.TostressecologicaldiversityofThailand.D.ToillustratethebirthofVarawut’sinspiration.11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.DevelopingEconomyorProtectingAnimals?B.ClosingNationalParksorDrawingMoreVisitors?C.GovernmentsareResponsiblefortheBalanceofNatureD.AuthoritiesHelptoFindSheltersforHomelessHermitCrabsDIfMarswerethepopularkidinschool,Venus(金星)wouldbetheunwelcomeonesittinginthecorner,largelyignored.VenushasnearlythesamemassandsizeasEarth,butbeingclosertothesun,itgetsnearlytwiceasmuchheatfromthesun.However,insteadofhavingaclimatethatisjustawarmerversionofEarth’s,Venus'ssurfaceandatmosphereareunbearable:cloudsofsulphuricacidblankettheplanet,whileatgroundlevel,itishotenoughtomeltlead.Despitethis,thereisnowasignthatVenusmayharbourlife.JaneGreavesatCardiffUniversity,UK,andhercolleaguesrecentlydetectedphosphine(磷化氢)inVenus'satmosphere,withonepotentialexplanationthatitistheby-productofbiology.ThatisbecausetheonlywaythisgasismadeonEarthisinlaboratoriesorbymicrobes(微生物).Thoughthisdoesn'tmeanitwasproducedbylifeonVenus,attemptstofindnon—biologicalexplanationsforitspresencehavesofarfailed.OurbestwayofconfirmingorrejectingthepossibilityoflifeonVenusistogoandhaveaproperlook.WhileMarshasbeenthefocusofinterplanetaryexplorationeffortslately,thephosphinediscoveryletspeoplelookatVenusinanewlight.AsNASAadministratorJimBridenstinetweeted："It'stimetoprioritizeVenus.”Inthemonthsandyearstocome,computersimulationswillbeusedtofurtherstudythepossiblechemistriesoftheatmosphereonVenus.Morelaboratoryexperimentswillbeconductedtotrytoidentifyotherwaysthephosphinetherecouldbeproduced.However,thereisnoguaranteethattheseeffortswillrevealthetruenatureofthissubstanceonVenus.Anewly-proposedstrategyistodirectlysampletheatmosphereandsurfaceofVenus.Bydoingso,wewouldbeabletotakedirectmeasurementsofphosphine.ThediscoveryofphosphineinVenus'satmosphereisagreataccomplishment.Thescientificeffortsmaybejustwhatweneedtofinallyrefocusonthisneglectedworld.Possibly,thequietkidinthecornermaygetthelastlaugh.12.Intheory,what'sVenusexpectedtobelike?A.ItisalmostaslargeasEarth.B.IthasnearlythesamemassasEarth.C.IthasawarmerEarth-likeclimate.DIthastheunbearablesurfaceandatmosphere.13.WhatcanthediscoveryofphosphineonVenusindicate?A.Theremightexistsignsoflife.B.Thiskindofgasisverycommon.C.Manyproductscanbemadewithit.D.Experimentswereonceconductedthere.14.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Theimportanceofobservations.BThepowerofcomputersimulations.C.Theapproachestoexploringphosphine.D.Thenecessitytoanalysephosphine.15.Whichcanbestdescribetheauthor'sattitudetotheexplorationofVenus?A.Casual. B.Supportive. C.Cautious. D.Doubtful.山东省济宁市2020届高三一模英语试卷第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWhistler,B.C.BelovedbytouristsandCanadiansalike,Whistlerincreaseditsinternationalprofileafterthesuccessofthe2010WinterOlympics.Withitscloseproximity(临近)toVancouver—it’sonlytwohoursnorthofthecity—Whistlerofferstheidealwinterplaygroundforallages.Challengeyourselfonitssnow-coveredmountains,enjoysomeretailtherapyinits200shops,orsamplethefinestcuisinein90+restaurantsandbars.QuebecFormorethan60years,Quebec’sworldfamous

WinterCarnival

hasbeenoneofCanada’smust-visitwinter

destinations.Witheveningparades,snowtubing,skating,snowrafting,outdoorBBQs,icesliding,snowsculpturecompetitionsanddanceparties,there’ssomethingforeverytasteandage.Andbesuretokeepyoureyespeeledforthefete’smainman—BonhommeCarnaval—Quebec’sbelovedsnowmanandCarnivalambassador.NovaScotiaYoucan’tgetmoreCanadianthanmaplesyrup,and

SugarMoonFarm

inNovaScotiahastastyfuninstoreforyou!

Learnallabouttheartofmaplesyrup—andsampletheyummyresults.SugarMoonFarmofferswarmhospitalityalongwiththeirsugarcamptours,all-daybrunch,maple-tastingexperiencesandhikingtrails.FoodieswillbethrilledtotakepartinSugarMoon’sChefNightswhenthefinestchefscreatedelicatedinnersforahungryandappreciativeaudience.SaskatchewanForatruefrontierexperience,enjoyabreathtakingjourneythroughtheCanadianwildbydogsled.Saskatchewan’s

SundogsSledExcursions

letsyouridealongonatripofalifetime.EachwinterfromlateNovembertomid-March,SundogstakesvisitorsdeepintothebeautifulandunspoiledenvironsofAnglinLakebydogsled.Sundogsoffersahostofamazingactivitiesincludingpuppycamps,halforfulldaytrips,andovernightcamping.WhatisWhistler,B.C.knownforworldwide?A.Thesuccessofthe2010WinterOlympics.B.ItscloseproximitytoVancouver.C.Itssnow-coveredmountains.D.Thefinestcuisineinrestaurantsandbars.Whichissuggestedifonehasasweettooth?Whistler,B.C. B.Saskatchewan. C.NovaScotia. D.Quebec.3.WhatcanbeexpectedinSaskatchewan?A.Asnowsculpturecompetition. B.Amaple-tastingexperience.C.Across-countryhikingtrip. D.Athrillingsnowsledride.BTheexpression,“everybody’sdoingit,”isverymuchatthecenteroftheconceptofpeerpressure.Itisasocialinfluenceappliedonanindividualinordertogetthatpersontoactorbehaveinasimilarwayasalargergroup.Peoplearesocialcreaturesbynature,andsoitishardlysurprisingthatsomepartoftheirself-respectcomesfromtheapprovalofothers.Thisinstinctexplainswhytheapprovalofpeers,orthefearofdisapproval,issuchapowerfulforceinmanypeople’slives.Thisinstinctdrivespeopletodressonewayathomeandanotherwayatwork,ortoanswerasimple“fine”whenastrangerasks“howareyou?”evenifitisnotnecessarilytrue.Forcertainindividuals,seekingsocialacceptanceissoimportantthatitbecomesanaddiction.Teensandyoungadultsmayfeelforcedtosmoke,ordrinkalcohol,whichmightencouragecriminalbehavior.Matureadultsmaysometimesfeelpressuredtocoverupillegalactivityatthecompanywheretheywork,orendupindebtbecausetheyareunabletoholdbackthedesiretobuyahouseorcarthattheycan’taffordinanefforttokeepupwiththepeers.However,peerpressureisnotalwaysnegative.Astudentwhosefriendsaregoodatacademicsmaybeurgedtoworkharderandgetgoodgrades.Playersonasportsteammayfeeldriventoplayharderinordertohelptheteamwin.Thistypeofinfluencecanalsogetafriendoffsmoking,ortohelpanadulttakeupagoodhabitordropabadone.Althoughpeerpressureissometimesquiteobvious,itcanalsobesosubtlethatapersonmaynotevennoticethatitisaffectinghisorherbehavior.Forthisreason,whenmakingimportantdecisions,simplygoingwithaninstinctisrisky.Instead,peopleshouldseriouslyconsiderwhytheyfeeldrawntotakingaparticularaction,oritissimplybecauseeveryoneelseisdoingthesamething.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“instinct”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Anaturaltendency. B.Anacquiredability.C.Apopularidea. D.Anobviousmistake.5.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Potentialcausesofpeerpressure.B.Possiblepositiveeffectsofpeerpressure.C.Negativeconsequencesofpeerpressure.D.Tipsforcopingwithpeerpressure.6.Whatistheauthor’ssuggestionwhenmakingadecision?A.Simplygowithaninstinct.B.Askforadvicefromadults.C.Listentotheinnermotivation.D.Followinthefootstepsofothers.7.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetopeerpressure?A.Objective. B.Ambiguous. C.Critical. D.Indifferent.CTheworstoutbreakofdesertlocusts(蝗虫)indecadesispresentlyunderwayintheHornofAfrica.Itisthebiggestofitskindin25yearsfor

Ethiopia

andSomalia–andtheworstKenyahasseenfor70years.WhatweareseeinginEast

Africa

todayisunlikeanythingwe’veseeninaverylongtime.Itsdestructivepotentialisenormous,andit’stakingplaceinaregionwherefarmersneedeverygramoffoodtofeedthemselvesandtheirfamilies.Mostofthecountrieshardesthitarethosewheremillionsofpeoplearealreadyvulnerable(脆弱的)orinserioushumanitarianneed,astheyenduretheimpactofviolence,drought,andfloods.Wehaveactedquicklytorespondtothisoutbreak.Theprimarymethodofbattlinglocustsistheaerialsprayingofpestici