新课标2024高考英语二轮复习专题练习16阅读理解3

PAGEPAGE1专题练习十六阅读理解3A(2024·唐山市高三其次次模拟)Environmentalexpertswarnthatourplanetisdrowninginplastic.Theworld'scitiesproduce2billiontonsoftrasheveryyear.Bytheyear2050thatnumberisexpectedtoriseto3billiontons.TheWorldBankestimatesthatthelargestamountoftrashtoday,about44percent,isplastic.Butweoftenhavetobuypackagedgoods.Andoftenthatpackagingismadeofplastic.Now,thatmaybechanging.Anewenvironmentally­friendlyshoppingmodelwasrecentlylaunchedattheWorldEconomicForuminDavos,Switzerland.Thisshoppingmodel,calledLoop,aimstoreplacethrowawaycontainerswithreusableones.LoopistheideaofTerraCycle,anAmerican­basedrecyclingcompany.Itschief,TomSztakytoldtheAssociatedPress(AP)that“removingplasticsfromtheoceanisnotenough.”Hesaidthepointistogetawayfromsingle­usepackages.SzakysaidthatLoopisthefutureofshopping.Butitcomesfromanideaofthepast.Hecomparedittothe“milkmanmodel”ofthe1950sintheUnitedStates.Backthen,someonebroughtmilktoyourdoorstepinglassbottlesandthenleftwithemptybottles.Thesecouldbecleanedandusedagain.Theresultiszero­waste.JenniferMorganfromtheenvironmentalnon­profitorganizationGreenpeacealsojoinedinthediscussionaboutLoopatDavos.Shesaidthat“GreenpeacewelcomestheaimoftheLoopAlliancetomoveawayfromthrowawaycultureanddisposability.”ButMorganquestionedwhethercompaniesworldwidearereadytochangetheirbusinessmodels.LoopissettolaunchlaterthisyearinthreeeasternUSstates,andalsoinParis,Franceandsomeofthesurroundingarea.ThenLoopplanstoexpandtotheUSWestCoast,Toronto,CanadaandBritainbytheendofthisyearor2024.本文是一篇环境爱护类短文阅读。文章主要介绍美国一家公司推出一种新的“零奢侈”购物模式。1．WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph2?A．Providebackgroundinformation.B．Advocatezero­wastelifestyle.C．Explainthereasonfortrash.D．Introduceanewtopic.答案：A解析：推理推断题。依据文章其次段“Theworld'scitiesproduce2billiontonsoftrasheveryyear.Bytheyear2050thatnumberisexpectedtoriseto3billiontons.TheWorldBankestimatesthatthelargestamountoftrashtoday,about44percent,isplastic.Butweoftenhavetobuypackagedgoods.Andoftenthatpackagingismadeofplastic.”可知，世界上的城市每年产生大量的垃圾，并且其中最大的垃圾量是塑料，结合下文可知，作者写本段目的是为下文提出新的购物模式供应背景信息。故选A。2．Wheredoestheidea“Loop”comefrom?A．TheWorldEconomicForum.B．Demandofsomecompanies.C．Zero­wastemodel.D．Themilkmanmodel.答案：C解析：细微环节理解题。依据文章第四段“SzakysaidthatLoopisthefutureofshopping.Butitcomesfromanideaofthepast.”和第五段“Hecomparedittothe‘milkmanmodel’ofthe1950sintheUnitedStates.Backthen,someonebroughtmilktoyourdoorstepinglassbottlesandthenleftwithemptybottles.Thesecouldbecleanedandusedagain.Theresultiszero­waste.”可知，Loop购物模式的想法来自于过去“送奶工模式”，是一种零奢侈的模式。故选C。3．WhichcountriesisLoopexpectedtoexpandtoby2024?A．UnitedStatesandSwitzerland.B．SwitzerlandandBritain.C．CanadaandIndia.D．FranceandCanada.答案：D解析：细微环节理解题。依据文章最终一段“LoopissettolaunchlaterthisyearinthreeeasternUSstates,andalsoinParis,Franceandsomeofthesurroundingarea.ThenLoopplanstoexpandtotheUSWestCoast,Toronto,CanadaandBritainbytheendofthisyearor2024.”可知，Loop安排在2024年前将业务扩大到加拿大和法国。故选D。4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Anewshoppingmodel.B．Thedevelopmentoffuturecity.C．Theworld'senvironmentalissue.D．Theconcernsoffutureshopping.答案：A解析：主旨大意题。依据文章第三段“Anewenvironmentally­friendlyshoppingmodelwasrecentlylaunchedattheWorldEconomicForuminDavos,Switzerland.”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍美国一家公司推出一种新的“零奢侈”购物模式。故选A。B(2024·山西省平遥中学届高三调研)Nospacecraftwilleverlandonthesun.ThesunisaflamingballofgasthatreachesthousandsofdegreesFahrenheit.Butnextyear,ashipfromEarthwillflyclosertoitthananymanmadecrafthasflownbefore.Themission(任务)isabigdevelopmentforscientistsand,maybe,foreveryoneelse.InSeptember2024,NASAplanstolaunchtheParkerSolarProbe.Afterajourneyofnearly90millionmiles,itwillflywithin3.8millionmilesofthesun.Withintwomonthsoflaunching,theprobeisexpectedtoreachthesun'scorona(日冕).That'sthesun'souteratmosphereofgases.Gettingtherewon'tbeeasy.Designingaspacecrafttoughenoughtoholduptothesun'sheathasproveddifficult.Butthathasn'tstoppedengineersfromtrying.Temperaturesinthecoronacanreachmillionsofdegrees.Theprobewilllimititselftoregionswherethingsgetnohotterthan2,500.That'sstillaheavyheatloadforaspacecraft.Buta4.5­inch­thickheatshield(罩)willprotecttheprobe'scameraandscientificinstruments.NASAsaysthedatatheprobecollectscouldprovideknowledgeintothephysicsofstars.Oursunisspecialtous.Butasastar,it'srathercommon.Sothebetterweunderstandhowitworks,thebetterweunderstandallstarsofitsmassandcolor.Perhapsthemostimportantiswhattheprobemayshowusaboutsolarstorms.Duringsolarstorms,chargedparticlesstreamthroughthesolarsystem.Theycandisablecommunicationssatellitesandshutdownpowdersystems.Onestudyhasfoundthataveryintensesolarstormcouldcauseupto$2trillionindamageintheUSalone.ItcouldalsoblackouttheEastCoastforayear.Understandingsolarstormsmightallowustopredictthemandprotectourselves.Thatcouldmakeevenamissionwithabillion­pluspricetagoneofNASA'sgreatbargains.本文是一篇科普文。文章主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局安排放射一个更能接近太阳的人造飞行器。1．Whatcanwelearnabouttheprobe?A．It'llflyclosertothesunthanthepreviousones.B．It'sthefirstmanmadeinstrumenttoflytothesun.C．It'llgettothecoreofthesuninnearlytwomonths.D．It'llflyabout3.8millionmilestoreachthecorona.答案：A解析：细微环节理解题。依据文章第一段“Butnextyear,ashipfromEarthwillflyclosertoitthananymanmadecrafthasflownbefore.”可知，此飞行器比目前任何人造飞行器更能飞行接近太阳。故选A。2．Whatisthechallengefortheengineers?A．Directingtheprobetocollectdata.B．Reducingthetemperatureoftheprobe.C．Buildingashieldagainsttheheat.D．Limitingtheprobetoproperregions.答案：C解析：细微环节理解题。依据文章第三段“Designingaspacecrafttoughenoughtoholduptothesun'sheathasproveddifficult.”可知，如何建立一个隔热板对工程师来说是一件具有挑战性的事情。故选C。3．Whatmightbethebesttitle?A．Exploringthestars B．GettingclosetothesunC．Designingaspaceship D．Protectingtheearth答案：B解析：主旨大意题。依据文章主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局安排放射一个更能接近太阳的人造飞行器，可以归纳出文章的题目Gettingclosetothesun最佳。故选B。4．Wheredoesthevalueofthemissionlie?A．Monitoringsatellites.B．Exploringsolarenergy.C．Developingscientificinstruments.D．Forecastingsolarstorms.答案：D解析：细微环节理解题。依据文章倒数其次段“Perhapsthemostimportantiswhattheprobemayshowusaboutsolarstorms.”可知，此任务的价值在于能够预料太阳风暴。故选D。C(2024·河北省六校协作体高三期中)In2024,threevirusesmadenews,andtheypresentdifficultproblemsforhealthofficialsintheNewYear.Onevirusthreatensbabiesinmanypartsoftheworld.AnotherhasreappearedinanAfricannation.Andathirdisoneofthedeadliestvirusesofmoderntimes.ThethreevirusesareZika,polioandHIV.However,in2024scientistsandresearchersfromallovertheworldworkedtomakeprogressagainstthosevirusesandtodevelopbetterwaystocontrolthem.ThespreadoftheZikaviruscausedpublichealthofficialsinmanynationstoputinplacestrongmeasurestocontrolitsspread.Brazil,whichhostedthe2024SummerOlympicGames,washithardbythevirus.Healthofficialswarnedpregnantwomenagainsttravelingtothesportingevent.Zikaisusuallyamildillness.Itissomildthatmostpeoplewhoareinfecteddonotknowtheyhaveit.However,inthepasttwoyearsintheWesternHemisphere,Zikahasbeenlinkedtobabiesbeingbornwithextremelysmallheads.Thisconditioniscalledmicrocephaly.TheinternationalmedicalcommunityfoundthatthislinktobirthdefectsmakesZikaaverydangerousvirus.ZikafirstappearedinUgandamorethan60yearsago.Itisspreadbymosquitosandbysex.ThevirusrecentlyappearedinBrazil.ThencasesappearedinothercountriestotheNorth.CaseswerereportedintheUnitedStatesinthesouthernstateofFlorida.HealthofficialsinTexasarealsoconcernedthevirusmightbespreadingthere.Doctorscanonlyadvisewomentobecareful.Theyadvisewomennottotraveltoareaswherethevirusisspreading,toavoidmosquitobitesortodelaypregnancy.CurrentlythereisnovaccineagainstZika.However,onecouldbeavailableby2024.这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了寨卡病毒的严峻危害以及医生建议女性不要到有寨卡病毒的地方旅行，避开蚊虫叮咬，或者建议女性推迟孕期。虽然目前还未有寨卡病毒疫苗，但有望在2024年研制胜利。1．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．ThevirusofZikaB．ThreevirusesmadethenewsC．ThecauseofZikaD．Thecausesofthethreeviruses答案：A解析：主旨大意题。文章主要讲了寨卡病毒的严峻危害以及医生建议女性不要到有寨卡病毒的地方旅行，避开蚊虫叮咬，或者建议女性推迟孕期。虽然目前还未有寨卡病毒疫苗，但有望在2024年研制胜利。故选A。2．IfapregnantwomanisinfectedwithZika,theresultwillprobablybe________.A．thatsheisdyingsoonB．thatshewillgivebirthtoadeadbabyC．thatshewillbeseriouslyillD．thatshewillhaveababywithaverysmallhead答案：D解析：细微环节理解题。答案定位在第三段“However,inthepasttwoyearsintheWesternHemisphere,Zikahasbeenlinkedtobabiesbeingbornwithextremelysmallheads.”可知，怀孕的妇女感染寨卡病毒生出的婴儿，头会特殊小。故选D。3．Allofthefollowingarerightexcept________.A．HIVisoneofthemostdeadliestvirusesofmoderntimesB．ManycountrieshavetakenmeasurestocontrolthespreadofZikaC．Pregnantwomenwereforbiddentotraveltothe2024SummerOlympicGamesD．PeoplearenoteasytofeelinfectedwithZikaintheverybeginning答案：C解析：细微环节理解题。答案定位在第三段“Healthofficialswarnedpregnantwomenagainsttravelingtothesportingevent.”可知，卫生官员提示怀孕女性不要去2024夏季奥运会的主办地，并不是禁止。故选C。4．Whatwillbepossiblytalkedaboutafterthepassage?A．Somethingabouttheviruspolio.B．SomethingaboutthevirusHIV.C．SomethingaboutBrazil.D．SomethingaboutUganda.答案：A解析：推理推断题。答案定位在第一段“ThethreevirusesareZika,polioandHIV.”可知，文章介绍了三种病毒，分别是：寨卡病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒和人类免疫缺陷病毒，所以接下来会谈论脊髓灰质炎病毒。故选A。D(2024·辽宁大连24中高三模拟)Whenwegoouttraveling,weneedeitheramaporGPStopointusintherightdirection.Butbumblebees(大黄蜂)haveneitherofthesethings,yettheystillknowthebestroute.Whyisthat?Itturnsoutthatthesehard­workinglittlebeestrymanypossiblepassagesbeforepickingoutthebestoneandrememberingitthenexttimetheyjourneyout.Theylearnfrom“trialanderror”，accordingtoastudybyscientistsfromtheUniversityofLondon.Weuseitallthetimeinourdailylives—trialanderrorisahelpfulproblem­solvingmethod.Itisthebasicconceptof“learningfromyourmistakes”.Mostofthetime,wefailonourfirsttry,soweanalyzethefailure,makeadjustmentsandtryagain.Afterrepeatingthisafewtimes,wefinallygetthingsright.Thismightsoundabittiring,butit'scertainlyeffectiveanditworksforbumblebees.Inthestudy,scientistssetupfiveartificialflowersinafield.Eachoneofthemwasfittedwithmotion­triggered(运动触发的)camerasandhadlandingplatformswithdropsofsugarinthemiddletoattractthebees.Atfirst,scientistsnoticedthebees'flyingrouteswerelongandcomplex.Butaftertheygainedenoughexperience,theygraduallygottotheirdestinationquicker.Everytimeabeetriedanewroutethatwasshorterthantherouteithadtriedbefore,itwaslikelytouseitagain.Otherwisethenewroutewouldsimplybegivenupandanotheronewastested.“Thespeedatwhichtheylearnthroughtrialanderrorisquiteextraordinaryforbumblebees,asthiscomplexbehaviorwasthoughttobeonethatonlylarger­brainedanimalshave，”ProfessorLarsChittka,leaderofthestudy,toldSciencedaily.Infact,thesmartbumblebeesdon'ttryeverypossibleroute.Normally,theywouldonlytryabout20outofthe120possibleroutestovisittheflowers.Moreinterestingly,scientistsfoundthatiftheyremovedaflower,beeswouldcontinuelookingatthatlocation,evenifithasbeenemptyforalongtime.“Itseemsbeesdon'teasilyforgetafruitfulflower，”Chittkasaid.本文是一篇说明文。文章讲解并描述的是关于大黄蜂如何通过反复试验找到最佳路途的新发觉。1．Thebumblebeesaregoodatfindingthebestroutebecause________.A．theyhaverelativelysmallerbrainsB．theirbodypartsfunctionlikeGPSC．theytryoutdifferentroutesandrememberthebestonesD．theytakethetroubleoftestingeverypossibleroute答案：C解析：细微环节理解题。依据其次段第一句“Itturnsoutthatthesehard­workinglittlebeestrymanypossiblepassagesbeforepickingoutthebestoneandrememberingitthenexttimetheyjourneyout.”可知，大黄蜂擅长找到最好的路途，因为它们会尝试不同的路途，记住最好的路途。故选C。2．Theauthorexplainsthebumblebees'behavioroftrialanderrorby________.A．usingnumbersB．makingametaphor(比方)C．makingcomparisonsD．talkingabouthumanbehavior答案：D解析：推理推断题。依据第三段“Weuseitallthetimeinourdailylives—trialanderrorisahelpfulproblem­solvingmethod.Itisthebasicconceptof‘learningfromyourmistakes’.Mostofthetime,wefailonourfirsttry,soweanalyzethefailure,makeadjustmentsandtryagain.Afterrepeatingthisafewtimes,wefinallygetthingsright.”可知，作者通过对人类行为的探讨，说明了大黄蜂的试错行为。故选D。3．ThestudyledbyprofessorLarsChittkasuggeststhat________.A．bumblebeestrytokeeptheirflyingrouteslongandcomplexB．everynewroutethebumblebeestakeisshorterthantheonetheytakebeforeC．bumblebeesarefamiliarwitheveryflyingroutetheyhavetakenbeforeD．scientistsfinditunbelievablethatbumblebeeslearnfromtheirmistakessoquickly答案：D解析：细微环节理解题。依据第七段“Thespeedatwhichtheylearnthroughtrialanderrorisquiteextraordinaryforbumblebees,asthiscomplexbehaviorwasthoughttobeonethatonlylarger­brainedanimalshave，”可知，LarsChittka领导的这项探讨表明，科学家们认为大黄蜂从错误中学习的速度之快令人难以置信。故选D。4．Whatisthemainpointofthearticle?A．Bumblebeesareassmartaslarge­brainedanimals.B．Trialanderrorisaneffectivewaytosolveourdailyproblems.C．Anewdiscoveryabouthowbumblebeesfindthebestroutesthroughtrialanderror.D．Howbumblebeesrememberthebestroutes，smallastheirbrainsare.答案：C解析：主旨大意题。依据其次段“Itturnsoutthatthesehard­workinglittlebeestrymanypossiblepassagesbeforepickingoutthebestoneandrememberingitthenexttimetheyjourneyout.Theylearnfrom‘trialanderror’”可知，本文讲解并描述的是关于大黄蜂如何通过反复试验找到最佳路途的新发觉。故选C。E(2024·邯郸市高三第四次月考)Withtheexplosionofconsumerchoicesinrecenthistory,thelatestmust­haveswouldsurelyneedtobeupgradedmoreoftenthanevery10years.In2002acomputerandbasicmobilephonewouldhavebeenenoughformostpeople,butnow?ThepublicneedatrendynotebookcomputerandasmartphonewithWiFiconnectiontofeeltheyareup­to­date.Sowhenwillwehaveenoughthings?Whenwillwefinallybehappy?Well,itlookslikethethingswebuytodaywillbarelykeepussatisfiedforafewmonths.Intheeyesofsomepsychologists,farfrommakingushappy,greaterconsumerchoicecreatesmanyseriouspsychologicalproblems.Afundamentalprincipleofthesocietyisthatmorefreedomisbetterandmorechoiceinthemarketplacemeansmorefreedom.Thereforemorechoiceleadstomorehappiness.Thisisnotthecase,however.Imagineyougotoacaféofferingchocolateandvanillaicecream.Youchoosethechocolateandeatithappily.Butwhatifthecafeserves50kindsoficecream?Youchoosechocolateandthenstarttoworry,“Maybeblueberrywouldhavebeenbetter，perhapsthehalf­faticecreamwouldhavebeenhealthier.Stupidme,allthesechoicesandIdidn'tmakethebestone!”InChina'smajorcitieswehavenowpassedthepointwheremoreconsumerchoiceismakingushappier.Weareannoyedbyalltheoptionswehave,disappointedbecauseourexpectationsaresohighandangeredatourselveswhenwedon'tmakeaperfectchoiceeverytime.Anewspaperreportertellsastoryabouttravelingonaplanewithhigh­speedInternetaccess.Hethoughtthiswasamazing—thenewestpieceoftechnologyhehadheardof.Thentheservicewentdown.Themannexttohimwasangryandswore.Thereporterthought,“Howquicklytheworldoweshimsomethingheknewexistedonly10secondsago！”这是一篇争论文。文章作者通过举例说明选择太多，反而不能令消费者满足。1．Whatisthetextmainlytalkingabout?A．Hi­techandconsumerneeds.B．Computersandsmartphones.C．WirelessproductsandWiFiconnection.D．Diversechoicesandconsumersatisfaction.答案：D解析：主旨大意题。其次段“Thereforemorechoiceleadstomorehappiness.Thisisnotthecase,however.”是全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，这篇文章主要讲了选择太多，反而不能令消费者满足，故选D。2．Whatmaysomepsychologiststhinkoftheconsumerdemandinthecafe?A．Theconsumerhasmentalproblems.B．Morechoicemeansmorefreedom.C．Varietyleadstounhappiness.D．Theshopprovidestoomanychoices.答案：C解析：推理推断题。依据第三段“Youchoosechocolateandthenstarttoworry,‘Maybeblueberrywouldhavebeenbetter，perhapsthehalf­faticecreamwouldhavebeenhealthier.Stupidme,allthesechoicesandIdidn'tmakethebestone！’”(你选择巧克力然后起先担忧，“蓝莓可能会更好，或许一半脂肪冰淇淋会更健康。愚蠢的我，全部这些选择，我没有做出最好的一个！”)由此推断出心理学家认为消费者在咖啡店的多样选择会导致苦恼，故选C。3．Whywasthemannexttothereporterquiteannoyed?A．Thenetconnectionwasinterrupted.B．Someoneowedhimmoney.C．Theairhostessofferedpoorservice.D．Thepleasurelastedonly10seconds.答案：A解析：细微环节理解题。依据最终一段“theservicewentdown.Themannexttohimwasangryandswore.”可知，坐在记者旁边的这个人特别生气是因为网络连接被中断，故选A。4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“swore”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．Fellasleep. B．Saidrudewords.C．Madepromises. D．Becameamazed.答案：B解析：词义揣测题。依据“Themannexttohimwasangry”可知，这里意思是坐在记者旁边的这个人特别生气，并且起先咒骂。Swore意思是“咒骂”，故选B。F(2024·吉林省试验中学高三模拟)AvideorecordingfromXinhua(9th,Nov.2024)showingArabellaKushner,USPresidentDonaldTrump'sgranddaughter,singingChinesesongsandrecitingChineseliteraryclassicscausedanotherInternetsensation(轰动)inChinaWednesdaynight.Inthevideoclip,Arabella,wearingatraditionalembroideredChinesedress,greetsPresidentXiJinpingandhiswifePengLiyuan.Thesix­year­oldsingstwosongsOurFields,BeautifulFields,andMyGoodMom.Theformer,writtenin1953andadoredbyChineseteenagersfordecades,expressesone'sloveandaffectionforthemotherlandandnature.ThelatterisapopularnurseryrhymewidespreadinChina.ShealsodisplayedknowledgeaboutChineseliteraturebyrecitingThreeCharacterClassic,aConfucianistvolumetoeducateyoungchildren,andtwoancientpoemsofLiBai,WatchingtheFallofLushanMountain,andDepartingfromBaidiCityintheMorning.Xispokehighlyofthechild'sMandarinabilitiesandsaidher