英语英语构词法知识省公开课一等奖全国示范课微课

英语单词记忆方法与技巧

英语构词法知识1/28Word-formation构词法构词法知识Derivation派生法Compound合成法

Conversion转化法

掌握基本构词法知识，对于正确地识记单词，扩大词汇量，提升记忆速度和记忆效果，培养自学能力，具有非常主要意义。简略词合成词缩略词2/28Compound合成法把两个或两个以上词合成一个新词,这种构词方法叫做合成法合成法1.直接写在一起。2.用连字符(-)连接。3.由两个分开词组成。方法概念方式1.复合形容词组成2.复合名词组成。3.其它复合词组成。3/28复合形容词组成方式例词形容词＋形容词red-hot，bitter-sweet,dark-blue形容词＋名词first-class,full-time,part-time,second-hand,bare-foot形容词＋现在分词good-looking,free-thinking,hard-working形容词＋过去分词

ready-made形容词＋名词-ed

good-tempered,middle-aged,cold-blooded名词＋名词-ed

iron-willed名词＋形容词

world-famous，snow-white,seasick，lifelong名词＋现在分词beauty-loving,freedom-loving,job-hunting,time-saving名词＋过去分词man-made,water-covered,snow-covered,hand-made副词＋形容词ever-green,over-sensitive副词＋现在分词hard-working,far-seeing，far-reaching,well-meaning副词＋过去分词well-prepared,quickly-cured,well-known数词＋名词

five-year,数词＋名词+形容词

five-year-old,six-inch-tall数词＋名词-edfour-legged,six-storied,two-faced,four-cornered4/28red-hot，bitter-sweet,dark-bluefirst-class,full-time,part-time,second-hand,bare-footgood-looking,free-thinking,hard-working

ready-made

good-tempered,middle-aged,cold-blooded

iron-willed

world-famous，snow-white,seasick，lifelongbeauty-loving,freedom-loving,job-hunting,time-savingman-made,water-covered,snow-covered,hand-madeever-green,over-sensitivehard-working,far-seeing，far-reaching,well-meaningwell-prepared,quickly-cured,well-known

five-year,

five-year-old,six-inch-tallfour-legged,six-storied,two-faced,four-cornered5/28现成炽热自由思维铁意志

晕船终生美容兴趣求职省时省力水覆盖常绿，过分敏感远看到意义深远善意

充分准备快速固化，两面，6/28复合名词组成方式例词名词＋名词horseback,newspaper,cell-phone形容词＋名词back-yard,forehead，greenhouse,blackboard动名词＋名词hiding-place,reading-room动词＋副词get-off,break-in,breakdown,breakup副词＋动词output,overflow动词＋名词pickpocket,副词＋名词overcoat,inland代词＋名词he-goat,she-wolf名词＋介词＋名词editor-in-chief,father-in-law7/28horseback,newspaper,cell-phoneback-yard,forehead，greenhouse,blackboardhiding-place,reading-roomget-off,break-in,breakdown,breakupoutput,overflowpickpocket,overcoat,inlandhe-goat,she-wolfeditor-in-chief,father-in-law8/28手机温室，break-in中止breakdown故障breakup解体output,输出overflow泛滥pickpocket扒手editor-in-chief,总编辑father-in-law岳父9/28其它复合词组成方式例词复合动词名词＋动词day-dream，sun-bathe副词＋动词overcome,outgrow形容词＋动词white-wash复合副词名词+名词sideways名词+副词headfirst形容词+名词meanwhile介词+名词beforehand复合代词代词宾格或物主代词+self(selves)himself,ourselves

一些不定代词+body(one,thing)everyone(everybody,everything),nobody(noone,nothing)10/28day-dream，sun-batheovercome,outgrowwhite-washsidewaysheadfirstmeanwhilebeforehandhimself,ourselveseveryone(everybody,everything),nobody(noone,nothing)11/28outgrow长得比...快sideways侧身headfirst莽撞地beforehand预先12/28转化法

Conversion

转化法概念方式英语中有些单词,词形不变,词性却能够由一个转化成另一个。一个单词由某一个词类转用为另一个词类,这就是转化。单词转换后意义往往与未转换前意义有亲密联络。1.名词和动词之间转化2.形容词转化为动词3.名词转化为形容词(副词)4.形容词转化为名词13/28转化法（Conversion）tasten.味道v.尝起来{Ithasagoodtaste.Ittasteverygood.record

n.统计v.统计{Hebroketherecord.Heliestorecordsomethingwhilereadingabook.14/28

名词转化为动词形容词转化为动词名词转化为形容词副词转换为动词telephone电话→打电话slow慢→放慢front前面→前面down向下→击倒hand手→交给warm暖→使温暖black黑色→黑色back向后→后退record录音→统计empty空→倒空noble贵族→高贵up向上→提升date日期→定日期better很好→改进key钥匙→关键name名字→命名cool清凉→使冷face脸→面对

动词转化为名词动词转化为形容词形容词转化为名词一些形容词前加the后转换为名词drink喝→饮料perfect使完善→完美chief主要→首领thewounded受伤人们study学习→书房fit适合→适合first第一→第一个theblind盲人们lookat→havealookatwrong错误→错误thebeautiful漂亮东西转化法例释15/28简略词合成词缩略词exam—examinationplane—aeroplanead.—advertisementmaths—mathematicssmoke+fog=smogmotor+hotel=motelTV—televisionTOEFL—TestofEnglishAsAForeignLanguagePLA—thepeople’sliberationArmyofChina16/28加前缀：happy---

___happy

加后缀：

develop---

develop_______既加前缀又加后缀：employ---____employ_______unmentunment派生词（derivation）

17/28常见

否定前缀中学英语书本中有许多单词带有否定前缀，假如能了解这些否定前缀含义，使用和记忆单词是很有帮助。否定前缀加在一个词前面就完全改变或否定了这个词原来意义。前缀意义用法例词un-不，未（=not)加在形容词或副词前unhappy,unnecessary,unexpected,unusual,,相反动作加在动词前uncover,untie,unlock,undressin-，il-im-，ir-不，非，无加在形容词或其派生名词或副词前incomplete,impossible.impolite,irregular,inability,dis-表示否定加在名词或形容词前dishonour,羞辱

表示相反加在动词前dislike,disbelieve表示分离剥夺除去加在名词或动词前discharge,排出dismiss辞退mis-表示错、误加在名词、动词或及其派生词前mistake,misfortune,不幸misunderstanding误解

18/28unhappy,unnecessary,unexpected,unusual,,uncover,untie,unlock,undressincomplete,impossible.impolite,irregular,inability,dishonour,羞辱dislike,disbelievedischarge,排出dismiss辞退mistake,misfortune,不幸misunderstanding误解

19/28表示时间和其它关系前缀前缀意义用法例词re-表示：再一次，重新用于动词及派生名词名词、形容词及其它名词前(=again)renew,续借

reborn,rebuild,reappear,retellfore-表示：时间或位置“在前面”加在动词或名词前(=before)foresee,foreleg,foretell预言,foreknow预卜pre-表示：在前、事先、预先加在名词或形容词前(=before,infront,inadvance)prepay,prewar,preschool,prehistorypost-表示：时间和次序“在后边”加在名词或形容词前(=after,behind)post-war,post-graduatea-表示：在之上，向，在里加在动词或名词前，组成派生形容词、副词或介词asleep,along,aloud,,alive,acrossco-表示：联合、共同加在名词或动词前co-worker,coexistco-own,co-ownerinter-表示:“相互”、“在一起”加在名词、形容词前组成动词(=between,among)interchange,internationalmid-表示：中间加在名词前(=middle)midday,midnightsuper-表示：高级、在之上加在名词前(=above,over,upon)superpower,超级大国，superstructure上层建筑20/28表示人和物名词后缀后缀意义用法例词

表示人

-er从事…职业人，做…人，…地方人加在动词、名词、形容词上teacher,workerlearner,-or与-er同义外来后缀，加在外来词上visitor,conductoreducator,translator-eer从事于...人用于外来词engineer,volunteermountaineer-ess女...加于名词后，表示阴性actress,waitress-ician...(专)家，...工作者加在以-ic结尾名词或形容词上physician,politicianmusician-ist从事...职业人，从事某种...文艺、学术人，...主义者加在名词上，或–ize结尾动词上，或以-al结尾其它词上artist,socialistcommunistphysicist表示物-er表示从事某工作物加在动词和名词或复合词上washer,洗衣机-or表示从事某工作物加在动词上conductor,导体，21/28用法例词表示“人”，加在动词上listener,adviser,speaker,writer,driver,teacher,worker,singer,leader,waiter,runner,discoverer,explorer,maker表示“人”，加在名词上banker,,officer,lawyer,prisoner,geographer,joker,表示“人”，加在一些地点名词或一些形容词Londoner,NewYorker,villager,Britisher,southerner,foreigner,outsider,stranger表示“人”，加在复合词上housekeeper,管家,looker-on,旁观者

表示“物”，加在动词上washer,boiler,container,lighter,打火机drawer,表示“物”，加在名词上steamer,蒸笼washer,表示“物”，加在复合词上loudspeaker,既表示“人”也表示“物”，加在动词上fighter,战斗机printer,打印机印刷者

recorder,ruler后缀-er构词能力22/28抽象名词和集合名词后缀-agemarriage,luggage,postage邮费

-urefailure,temperature,pressure,pleasure,-itymajority,opportunity,-mentargument,statement,achievement,amusement,equipment-ismcommunism,criticism,internationalism,socialism-anceappearance,entrance,-domkingdom,wisdom,freedom-ydifficulty,discovery,bravery,machinery-alarrival,refusal,disapproval,-nesskindness,illness,brightness,selflessness,correctness-shipcitizenship,friendship,professorship,hardship,comradeship-hoodchildhood,brotherhood,弟兄情谊，-thstrength,growth,length,wealth,truth-erybravery,slavery,chemistry,surgery,machinery23/28后缀为-ion名词规则例词几乎全部以-ate结尾动词在变为名词时首先去掉e再加-ion.educate/education,liberate/liberation,translate/translation,graduate/graduation,separate/separation,operate/operation多数以-t结尾动词直接在词尾加-ion,少数以-te结尾动词首先去掉e再加-ion.act/action,invent/invention,inspect/inspection,elect/election,select/selection,connect/connection,collect/collection,instruct/instruction,devote/devotion,pollute/pollution多数以-ss结尾动词直接加-ion.discuss/discussion,oppress/oppression,express/expression,possess/possession多数以-de结尾与少数以-d结尾动词先把-de或-d变成-s再加-ion.decide/decision,divide/division,provide/provision,invade/invasion,expand/expansion,extend/extension以-mit结尾动词，先把t变成-ss,再加-ion.admit/admission,commit/commission,承诺permit/permission,transmit/transmission转交多数以-fy结尾动词先把y改成i再加-cation,少数以-efy或-fy结尾动词先去掉y再加-action.satisfy/satisfaction,modify/modification,修改

有些动词不是加-ion,而是加-ition,-tion,-ation或-sion而变成名词，其中有些词根因读音关系而发生了改变。add/addition,attend/attention,absorb/absorption,describe/description,produce/production,reduce/reduction,solve/solution,determine/determination,explain/explanation,found/foundation,observe/observation,transport/transportation24/28形容词后缀后缀意义用法例词-able可/能…加在名词或及物动词后valuable,horrible,-al有...性质加在名词后natural,technical,actual-ant,-ent...加在外来动词词干上important,pleasant,excellent-ic,-ical...性质，与...相关加在外来词干名词上atomic原子,electric,电动basic基本-ish稍带...，...气，...民族，...语加在名词或形容词上用于民族国家地名之上feverish,childish,bookish书呆子

English,Spanish-ive有...倾向/性质加在动词上instructive,教育性

expensive-ful充满...，引发...加在名词或少数名词上thankful,powerful,tearful-less无/不...，不能...加在名词或动词上homeless,harmless,wireless-ous充满...，有...特征加在名词上dangerous,famous,nervous-y有/多...，想...加在名词上cloudy,sunny,funny,sleepy-ed有...，有...特征加在名词或动词上tired,interested,learned博学

-en由...构(制)成加在物质名词上wooden,earthen,woolen-ern...方加在表示方位名词上eastern,western,southern-ly有...性质，...形状加在名词或形容词上yearly,daily,orderly,lively25/28homeless,harmless,wirelessdangerous,famous,nervouscloudy,sunny,funny,sleepytired,interested,learned博学wooden,earthen,wooleneastern,western,southernyearly,daily,orderly,livelyweeklysisterly