专题44 9BU4-2023年牛津译林版初中英语单元知识点一遍过（江苏专用）

9BU4-2023年牛津译林版初中英语单元知识点一遍过（江苏专用）过单词短语过单词短语知识点1：重要单词和词组1、词性变换(1)crowd(n.)--_______________(adj.)(2)pollute(v.)--_______________(n.)--_______________(adj.)(3)rapid(adj.)--_______________(adv.)(4)increase(n.)--_______________(v.)(5)comfortable(adj.)--_______________(adv.)--_______________(反义词)(6)taste(v.)--_____________(n.)--____________(adj.)--_______________(比较级)--_______________(最高级)--_____________(adj.)--_______________(反义词)(7)special(adj.)--_______________(adv.)(8)challenge(n.)--_______________(v.)--_______________(adj.)(9)develop(v.)--_______________(n.)--_______________(adj.)--_______________(adj.)【答案】1.crowded2.pollution;polluted3.rapidly4.increase5.comfortably;uncomfortable6.taste;tasty;tastier;tastiest;tasteful;tasteless7.specially8.challenge;challenging9.development;developed;developing2、重要词组(1)氧气罐_____________________________(2)干粮_____________________________(3)睡袋_____________________________(4)电源包_____________________________(5)到2100年时_____________________________(6)人口上的快速增长____________________________(7)再；重新_____________________________(8)以...的速度_____________________________(9)以...的形式_____________________________(10)到火星的旅行_____________________________(11)漂浮到太空中___________________________(12)与…相比_____________________________(13)在某些方面_____________________________(14)与...什么连接_____________________________【答案】airtankdriedfoodsleepingbagpowerpackbytheyear2100therapidincreaseinpopulationalloveragainata/thespeedof...intheformof...thejourneytoMarsfloatoffintospacecompare…with…insomewaysconnectto...知识点2：重点词组的用法1.thinkaboutthinkabout考虑，想起thinkof考虑；记起；想起thinkover仔细考虑thinkup想出，发明注意：Whatdoyouthinkof…?你觉得…怎么样？2.population人口当population作为具体的人时，是复数。如果是人的数量，用法和number类似，数量分大小，所以只有large/smallpopulation.3.atthespeedof以…的速度Thatnighthedrovethecaratthespeedof200kmperhour.那天晚上他以每小时200千米的速度驾驶。类似的短语：atfull/highspeed全速/高速4.increasev.增加increaseby+倍数或百分数表示“增加了……”increaseto+具体的数字表示“增加到……”increasein…在…方面的增长Thepopulationofthistownhasincreasedby5percent.Thepopulationofourcountryhasincreasedto1.3billion.5.comparev.比较(1)compare…with…把…和…比较Ifyoucomparehisworkwithhers,youwillfindhersismuchbetter.如果你把他的工作和她的做比较，你会发现她的好得多。(2)compare…to把……比作……Poetshavecomparedsleeptodeath.诗人将睡眠比作死亡。6.insomeways在一些方面；在某种程度上way的相关短语intheway挡路，妨碍inthisway用这种方式bytheway顺便问一下onthewayto在去…的路上7.speciallyadv.特别地要注意specially和especially的区别(1)especially是副词，意为“尤其”、“特别”，通常用来对前面所述的事件进行进一步的说明或补充。It'sespeciallyhottoday.今天天气特别热。Helikesallsubjects,especiallyEnglish.他喜欢所有的学科，尤其是英语。(2)specially也是副词，意为“专门地”“特地”，表示“不是为了别的，而只是为了……”，强调唯一目的。Hecameherespeciallytosaysorrytoher.他特意来这里向她道歉。Hereturnedtoherhometownspeciallytoseehersickmother她回到家乡专门看望生病的母亲。8.preventsbfromdoing阻止某人做某事相当于stopsbfromdoing，from可省略。Wecannotprevent/stopanearthquakefromcoming.我们不能阻止地震的到来。9.challengingadj.挑战性的Mikefoundachallengingjobasacomputerprogrammer.challengechallenge…to…向某人挑战Myfatherchallengedmetoatabletennisgame.父亲向我挑战一场乒乓球赛。知识点3：重点句型用法1.HowdoyoulikelifeonMars?(P50)你觉得火星上的生活怎么样？Howdoyoulike…?常用来询问对方对某人或某一事物的看法、感受、印象如何。表达这一意思时还可以说Whatdoyouthinkof…?2.IthoughtyoulikedMars.(P50)我本以为你喜欢火星。thought是think的过去式，在此处表示“本以为”，一般在动词填空题里会涉及到。3.WhatwoulditbeliketoliveonMars?(P51)住在火星上将会是什么样子呢？Whatwill/wouldsth.belike这是What’ssth.like的将来时句型。需要注意此句型在宾语从句中要改为Whatsth.will/wouldbelike.4.SomepeoplebelievethathumanscouldliveontheplanetMarsbytheyear2100.(P52)一些人相信人类到2100为止能够居住在火星上。5.Ourownplanet,theEarth,isbecomingmoreandmorecrowdedandpollutedbecauseoftherapidincreaseinpopulation.(P52)我们自己的星球，地球，由于人口的快速增长将会变得越来越拥挤。比较级and比较级表示“越来越……”becauseof+名词短语increasein…在…方面的增长6.ItishopedthatpeoplecouldstartalloveragainandbuildabetterworldonMars.(P52)人们希望能够在火星上重新开始并且建立一个更美好的世界。Itis+过去分词句型Itissaid…据说Itisbelieved…据相信5.Atpresent,ourspacecraftaretooslowtocarrylargenumbersofpassengerstoMars-itwouldtakemonths.(P52)目前，我们的宇宙飞船太慢而不能运送大量的乘客去火星，这要花费数月的时间。(1)too…to…太…而不能….注意和…enoughto的句型转换Heistooshorttoreachtheapplesonthetree.=Heisnottallenoughtoreachtheapplesonthetree.(2)anumberof…大量的，后面跟可数名词复数thenumberof……的数量6.Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,bytheyear2100,thejourneymightonlytakeabout20minutesinspacecraftthattravelatthespeedoflight!(P52)随着技术的发展，到2100年，坐飞船以光速旅行只需要花费大约20分钟的时间。with表示伴随着withthehelpof…在…的帮助下withthesupportof…在…的支持下7.Humancannotsurvivewithoutwater,oxygenorfood.(P52)人类没有水、空气或食物无法生存。本单元的语法讲的是简单句与省略句的转换，所以此处就等于Humancannotsurviveifthereisnofood,wateroroxygen.ThegravityonMarsisonlyaboutthree-eighthsofthatontheEarth.(P53)火星的重力只有地球的大约八分之三。分数的表达法分数表达法：分子是基数词，分母是序数词，如果分子大于1，分母要用复数形式，在分子与分母之间可加连字符也可不加连字符。分数+of+名词结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数视of后面的名词而定，如果名词是复数，谓语动词用复数形式；如果名词是单数或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。Onethirdofthewaterisdirty.Twothirdsoftheworkersinourfactoryareyoungpeople.9.ComparedwithlifeontheEarth,lifeonMarswouldbebetterinsomeways.(P53)与地球上的生活相比，火星上的生活在某些方面要好些。过去分词短语comparedwithlifeontheEarth在句中作状语。主语是life与compare之间是被动关系，所以compare需要用过去分词；如果life与compare之间是主动关系，则compare用动名词形式。Comparingthepricesofshoesinthreeshops,shedecidedtochoosethecheapestone.10.Everystudentwouldhaveacomputerathomeconnectedtoaninterplanetarynetwork.(P53)每个学生家里都有一台电脑与星际网络连接。过去分词短语connectedtoaninterplanetarynetwork在句中作定语，修饰前面的computer.connect…to…意为：把……连接在……上，……与……连在一起。此处connectedtoaninterplanetarynetwork是过去分词短语，作后置定语修饰名词computer。这里的名词computer与动词connect是动宾关系，故动词用过去分词形式。如果被修饰的名词与动词之间是主谓关系，则用该动词的现在分词形式。TherailwayconnectingShanghaitoTianjinisunderconstructionnow.11.LifeonMarswouldbeinterestingaswellaschallenging.(P53)火星上的生活，不仅有挑战性，还很有趣。aswellas不但......而且，既......又注意：这一短语在译成中文时，应先译aswellas后面的内容，再译前面的。Heaswellashisfriendslikesgoingshopping.1.advantage优点，优势advantage既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，意为“优势，优点，有利条件”，其反义词为disadvantage,意为“劣势，缺点，不利条件。”例：Asweallknow,theadvantagesofagoodeducationaregreat.众所周知，良好的教育益处很大。例:Ifyoucan’tspeakEnglishwell,youwillbeatabigdisadvantagewhenyoutrytogetajob.你要是英语讲的不好，找工作时就会处于非常不利的地位。2.Afterall,humanshavealreadybeentotheMoon.毕竟，人们已经到过月球。afterall意为“毕竟”，这是afterall一般放在句首，用来提醒对方（听话的人）似乎忘记了一个重要事实，或者忽略了某个重要的理由或论点。例：Afterall,heisachild.毕竟他是一个小孩。拓展：与all相关的一些短语inall总共，总计aboveall首先，更重要的是3.I’mnotsureifit’sworththerisk.我不确定是否值得冒险。risk名词，意为“风险，危险“例：Hesavedmylifeattheriskofhisownlife.他冒着生命危险救了我的命。拓展：risk用作动词，意为“冒.......的危险”。riskdoingsth“冒险做某事”例：Thecaptainwasnotwillingtorisktakinghisshipthroughthestraitsinsuchbadweather.船长不愿意在这样恶劣的天气里冒险将船驶过海峡。4.However,someotherstudentswereworriedaboutlivingthere.然而，其他一些学生对住在那表示担忧。beworriedaboutsb/doingsth意为“对某人/做某事感到担心/担忧。例:I’mworriedaboutmycoimgsingingcompetition.我对接下来的歌唱比赛感到担心。拓展：worry还可用作及物动词，意为“使担心，使忧虑”，用法为：sthworrysb某事使某人担忧例：MyEnglishworriesmemost.我的英语使我担心。5.Doyoumakespellingmistakes?你犯拼写上的错误吗？mistake的意思是“错误，过失”，makeamistake意为“犯错误”，例：Shehasmadeaseriousmistakebutshedoesn’trealizeit.她犯了一个严重的错误，但她还没有意识到。拓展：mistake还可作为动词，意为“误解，弄错”。6.HereisaguidetolivingonMarsinthefuture.下面是未来在火星的生活指南。guide名词，意为“手册，指南，导游”，后面跟介词to,意为“......方面的指导/指南”。例：Thisbookisaguidetogrammar.这本书是一本语法入门的书。拓展:不少名词后面都可接介词to引起的短语作定语，表示“.........的”。这些名词有：way,answer,key,entrance,attitude,solution,attention,devotion,contribution,road等。例：theanswertothequestion这个问题的答案theentrancetothetheatre剧场的入口akeytothegrammarexercises语法练习的答案onmywaytotheschool我上学的路上过语法过语法简单句和复合句之间的转换（二）1.含有状语从句的复合句与简单句之间的转换在英语中，我们可以用attheageof,becauseof,without...等介词短语，将含有状语从句的复合句改为简单句。Helearnttoswimwhenhewaseightyearsold.→Helearnttoswimattheageofeight.Hecouldnotgotothepartybecausehehadtoomuchhomework.→Hecouldnotgotothepartybecauseoftoomuchhomework.Hecannotsolvethisproblemifhehasnohelp.→Hecannotsolvethisproblemwithouthelp.2.含有宾语从句的复合句与简单句之间的转换在英语中，我们可以用of...,like...等介词短语，将含有宾语从句的复合句改为简单句。ThephotosremindmethatItravelledtotheUKfiveyearsago→ThephotosremindmeofmytriptotheUKfiveyearsago.AreyoucertainthatTomissatisfiedwiththeplan?→AreyoucertainaboutTom’ssatisfactionwiththeplan?3.含有定语从句的复合句与简单句之间的转换在英语中，我们可以用with...,in....等介词短语，将含有定语从句的复合句改为简单句。Doyouknowthegirlwhoisholdingtwobooksinherhand?→Doyouknowthegirlwithtwobooksinherhand?ThemanwhowearsablueshirtisourEnglishteacher.→ThemaninablueshirtisourEnglishteacher.考点一：宾语从句的关系词、语序、时态例1:Didyourfathertellyou______?A.whenhetravelledtoHongKong B.howhegoestoShanghaiC.wherehehasspenthisholidays D.whydidhevisitHangzhou例2:Idon’tknow_______thedayaftertomorrow.A.whendoeshecome B.howwillhecome C.ifhecomes D.whetherhe’llcome 例3:Parentscaremoreabout_____pocketmoneytheyshouldgivetheirchildrenand________.A.howmuch;whereitgoes B.howmany;wheredoesitgoC.howmuch;howdoesitgoes D.howmany;howitgoes例4:—Howlongdoesittaketogettotheairport?—Fortyminutes.Butit’sfoggytoday.I’mnotsurethehighwaywillclosessoon.Let’ssetoffearlier.A.whether B.when C.how D.why【答案】ADAA考点二：定语从句的关系词以及在动词填空题中的运用例1:--ThevolunteersaredoingagreatjobinYushu.

--Yes.Theyarehelpingthepeople___aresufferingfromtheearthquake.A.which

B.what

C./

D.who例2:Theywanttodevelopakindadog-friendlyfood____willhelpdogownerscooldowntheirpets.A.who

B.what

C.which

D.whether例3:—IlikethephotoItookonthebeachyesterday.Whatdoyouthinkofit?—Well,reallynice!A.where B.when C.which D.who例4:Thecharityshowhedevotedmuchtimeto__________(prove)tobeasuccess.例5:Theboyhisteacherpaidmuchattentionto___________(improve)alotinthetestatlast.【答案】DCCprovedimproved重难点训练重难点训练一、单项选择1.It’snecessarytocoveryournoseandmouthwhilesneezingbecausevirusesusuallyfloattheairus.A.in；inB.around；inC.in；aroundD.around；around2.--Let’splayagameonMars，shallwe？--Ok，thoughIpreferagameonTV.A.watchB.towatchC.watchingD.towatching3.—Doyoustillremembertheamountofmoneyinthebank?---Ofcourse.What’swrong?A.storeB.storingC.isstoredD.stored4.ThefilmBigHere6isinteresting,?A.isitB.aretheyC.aren’ttheyD.isn’tit5.AccordingtotheguidelivingonMars,thereistrafficairpollution.A.to;ofB.of;withoutC.to;withoutD.of;of6.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolabouteighthundred.A.areB.wereC.isD.be7.IthinkourspacecraftareslowcarrylargenumberofpeopletoMarsatpresent.A.so;thatB.such;thatC.too;toD.enough;to8.---TheadvantagesoftheChongqiBridgehavealreadybeenseen.---goodnewstous!A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa9.I’dratherthepartyasongthanadance.A.tostart;withB.starting;toC.start;withD.tostart;to10.Thereareteachersinourschool,and.ofthemarewomenteachers.A.twohundreds;three-fouthB.twohundred;three-fouthsC.twohundred;third-fouthsD.twohundreds;three-fouths11.Whynotyourbrotheramessageforus?A.have;takeB.tohave;totakeC.have;totakeD.tohave;take12.---WhatdoyouthinkofthefilmTitantic3D?.---It’sfantastic.TheonlypityisthatIthebeginningofit.A.wasmissingB.missC.willmissD.missed13.Canyoutellmeinthefuture?AhowlifewillbelikeB.howwilllifebelikeCwhatlifewillbelikeD.whatwilllifebelike14.________withcars,bicycleshavemanyadvantages.A.ComparewithB.ComparedwithC.CompareforD.Tocomparefor【答案】CBDDCCCACBADCB二、完成句子1將来你可以买一辆车，它可以漂浮在空中。Youcanbuyacarintheair.2今天你可以用62元人民币换大约10美元。Youcanabout$1062yuantoday.3如果你帮助了别人，就可以获得一些电子货币，并把它们存在社区的电脑里。Ifyouhelpothers，youcangetsomemoneyanditinthecommunitycomputers.火星重力只有地球重力的八分之三。The_________onMarsisonlyabout______ofthatonEarth.【答案】1.whichcanfloat;inthefuture2.get;with3.electric;store4.gravity;threeeighths三、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空1.TheNationalDaywewerelookingforwardto_____________(come)atlast.2.Thecleanwater____________(provide)forthepeopleinthedisasterareasassoonasitarrives.3.Theprojecttheyhadworkedonforalongtime_______(prove)tobeabigsuccess.4.Thesunlightweareallusedto_____________(include)sevendifferentcolours.5.Doyouknowwhotheteachershad________________(represent)ourschooltoattendthemeeting?6.Thelifethatweareusedto_______________(change)greatlysincethe1990s.7.Motherpromisestobuyhimanewcomputer_____________（connect）totheInternetifhesuccessfullytakesonthenewchallenge.8.ThesciencefictionbooksJohnlooksforwardto_______________(sell)wellonthemarket.9.ItriedmanywaysIcouldthinkof_______(stop)thelittleboyfromcrying.【答案】came2.provided3.proved4.includes5.represent6.haschanged7.connected8.sell9.tostop四、单词拼写1．Look!Somefisharedead.Thewaterintherivermustbe_______（被污染的）．2．Thebusisoldanddirty.Itmakesmyjourney_______（不舒服的）．3．Whenspeakingtoa_______（陌生人），you'dbetterbecareful.4.Wehavetoexplorethe_______（可能性）ofworkingwiththem.5.1willnotpaythe_______（增加）inmybillsunlessyoumakeallthisclear.6.Shechangedherclothes_______（迅速地）andwentoutside.7.Thetrainstoppedsuddenlyandallthe_______（乘客）wereworried.8．Thecookiesareso_______（味道好的）thatIcanhardlystopeating.9.Haveyoueverthoughtofmovingtoanother_______（行星）．【答案】1.polluted2.uncomfortable3.stranger4.possibility5.increase6.rapidly7.passengers8.tasty9.planet五、完形填空Everysummer,agreatmanystudentstraveltoothercountries,lookingforworkandadventure.Mostofthe16areinseasonalwork,mainlyconnectedwithtourismandagriculture.Thepayisusuallypoor,butmoststudentsworkabroadfortheexcitementoftravel.YoucanpickgrapesinFrance,lookafterkidsinAmericansummercamps,and,ofcourse,thereare17jobsinhotelsandrestaurants.Butitisnoteasytofindwork.“18youspeakthelanguageofthecountrywell,therewillbeveryfewopenings,”saysAntheaEills,anadviseronvacationworkforthestudents.“IfyouworkwithafamilyinItaly,you’llhavetospeakItalian.WhenyouwashdishesinarestaurantinParis,theownerwillexpectyoutospeak19.BritishstudentsonlyhavealanguageadvantageforjobsintheUSAandAustralia.”Not

everyone

enjoys

the

20

.

Sarah

James

and

her

friend

were

employed(雇佣)

to

help

forty

American

children

in

Europe.

The

two

young

teachers

with

the

children

had

never

been

21

.

Onechildlosthispassport;anotherbecameseriouslyillduringthejourneyandwassenthome;thewholegroupwasthrownoutofonehotelbecauseofthenoisetheymade;andSarahherself22onheronlyfreeeveningoftheentiretrip.“Wedidhavethe23chanceinourlifetogoabroadandvisitalotofnewplaces,”shesays,“butitwasn’tworthit.Thepaywas24anditreallywasa24-hour-a-dayjob.Thekidsneverslept!”“Thetroubleis,students25tohaveaneasytimeatit,”AntheaEllispointsout.“Infact,theyhavetoworkhard,withfewemploymentrights.Assoonastheholidayseasonfinishes,they’lllosethejobs.”16．A．work B．luck C．chances D．changes17．A．always B．hardly C．never D．seldom18．A．If B．Unless C．Because D．Although19．A．ItalianB．English C．French D．Japanese20．A．travel B．trip C．journeyD．experience21．A．alone B．abroad C．awake D．anywhere22．A．robbed B．robs C．rob D．wasrobbed23．A．first B．final C．best D．only24．A．good B．high C．poorD．alot25．A．explore B．expect C．offer D．Advise【答案】CABCDBDACB六、阅读理解Theweatherisgettinghotterandyou'llbegettingthirstierplayingbasketballorridinghomefromschool.Acolddrinkmaybejustthething.Butbecarefulwithwhatyoupourdownyourthroat.Somethingthatlookscoolmaynotbegoodforyourhealth.Thereareplentyofso-calledenergydrinksonthemarket.Mostofthemhaveanattractivecolourandacoolname.Theirnutrition(营养)listalsohasvariousthingsfromvitaminstoginseng(人参).Soundsgreat!Butafteracarefulcheckyoumayfindthatmostenergydrinkshavehighlevelsofcaffeine(咖啡因).Thesedrinksareaimedatyoungpeople,students,busypeopleandsportsplayers.Maker