考博英语模拟试卷239

考博英语模拟试卷239

一、词汇（本题共30题，每题7.0分，共30分。）

1、Thetwodelegateshadanin-depthexchangeofviewsonhowtoenhancetheir

cooperation.

A、ethical

B>bilateral

C、mandatory

D、subsidiary

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题意为“两位代表就如何加强双边合作深入交换了意见bilateral

的意思是"双边的",如:abilateralagreement（双边协定）。其他三项ethical“道德

的“，mandatory”强制的，托管的“，subsidiary”辅助的，补充的”都与题意不符，因

此正确答案为Rc

2、Initsbroadestsense,attributiontheoryisconcernedwithhowordinarypeoplemake

senseoftheworldanditmorecontrollableandpredictablebymakingattributions

astothecausesofpeople'sbehaviorsandevents.

A、delivered

B、rendered

C、practiced

D、suffocated

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题中，render”使处于某种状态''符合题意，如：Thenewsrendered

herspeechless.（这个消息使她变得默默无言。）deliver“传送”；practice”练习，实

践“；suffocate“使窒息”都不正确。

3、theclaimaboutGermaneconomicmight,itissomewhatsurprisinghow

relativelysmalltheGermaneconomyactuallyis.

A^Togive

B、Given

C、Giving

D、Havinggiven

标准答案：B

知识点解析：过去分词短语做状语一般要和句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系，但

是，有时句子中的过去分词虽然和句子主语不是逻辑上的动宾关系，但却符合语

法，因为这些过去分词功能相当于一个连词或介词，given就是其中之一。given可

用作介词,意为“考虑到，假定，假如“，例如:Giventheweather,thefootball

gamewasquitegood.考虑到天气因素，这场足球赛踢得相当不错。Giventhathe

wasstillaboy,Iforgavehim.考虑到他还是个孩子,我就原谅他了。

4、Dealsshouldbenotonlyonyoursatisfaction,butalsoontheincorporation

papers,budget,rules,andotherdocuments.

A、contingent

B、detergent

C、resurgent

D、diligent

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、MyfriendsandIoneanotherwhenwe'reapart,andweshallcontinuetocare

abouteachotheruntilwearepermanentlypartedbydeath.

A^pinefor

B、yearnfbr

C^lustfor

D、languishfor

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

6、Thegovernmentwouldnotdaretoimposetaxesonsuchnecessitiesas-breadormilk.

A、cut

charge

C^force

D、occur

标准答案：C

知识点解析：impose把…强加，征（税）。force强迫，迫使。cut切，割，砍。

charge使承担。occur发生，出现，存在。

7、Thejudgeremainedsoberdespitethelawyer'sludicrousattempttoprovethe

defendant,sinnocence.

A、sad

B、sorry

C>serious

D、surprised

标准答案：C

知识点解析：sober冷静的，镇定的。serious严肃的，认真的，意思与之接近。

8、Oneofthewrongnotionsaboutscienceisthatmanyscientificdiscoverieshavecome

about.

A、accordingly

B、accidentally

C、artificially

D^additionally

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题是一道形近词辨析题。A项accordingly意为“相应地；因此，所

以，于是“；B项accidenlally意为“意外地，偶然地”；C项artificially意为“人造

地；造作地，虚假地”；D项additionally意为“另外地，附加地”。根据题意。B为

正确答案。

9、Inordertophotographanimals,elaborateflashlightequipmentisnecessary.

A、predatory

B、wild

C^nocturnal

D、rare

标准答案：C

知识点解析：（nocturnal夜间活动的，夜出的）。句意为：为了拍摄夜间活动的动

物，精良的闪光设备必不可少。A.predatory食肉的；B.wild野生的；D.rare稀

有的。

10,GiordanoBrunostronglysupportedCopernicus'sideathattheearthwasnotthe

centeroftheuniverse.Brunowasrewardedbybeingburnedatthestakeforthisand

otherideas.

A、faithful

heretical

CNbibliographical

D、hysterical

标准答案：B

知识点解析：faithful忠实,可靠的,heretical异端的，bibliographical书目的,

hysterical歇斯底里的。

11、Thefarmersweremoreanxiousforrainthanthepeopleinthecitybecausetheyhad

moreat.

A、danger

B、stake

C>loss

D、threat

标准答案：B

知识点解析：atstake意为“在危险中，生死攸关A项danger意为“危险”，不与

al搭配；C项loss意为“损失，丧失”，与山搭配时，应说“laluss,意为“不知所

措”，D项threat意为“威胁”,不与at搭配。

12、thepassageoflight,manynewplasticsarcprocessedusingtechnologies

rivalingthoseusedinthemanufactureofcomputerchips.

A、Forthebetterof

B>Permittingbetter

C^Tobetterpermit

D^Itisbetterfor

标准答案：C

知识点解析：此处是不定式做状语表示目的。betier应放于所修饰的动词之前。

13、Theyweretired,butnotanylessenthusiasticthataccount.

A、on

by

C>for

D、with

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、Fromthehilltopwecanseehorsesarehereandthereinthepasture.

A、gazing

B>biting

C、licking

D、devouring

标准答案：A

知识点解析：graze放牧，（牛羊等）吃草。bile咬（某物，某人），（酸等）腐蚀，侵

蚀。lick蔓延，舔。devour吞噬。

15、Accordingtosomepsychologists,indevelopingamodelofcognition,wemust

recognizethatperceptionoftheexternalworlddoesnotalwaysremainindependent

motivation.

A^of

B、on

C、upon

D、in

标准答案：A

知识点解析：independemof独立于，不依赖于。

16、SomeauthoritiestracethejurysystemtoAngloSaxonorevenmoreGermanic

times.

A、remote

B、similar

C、austere

D、barbaric

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题中，remole的意思是“遥远的"；similar的意思是“类似的”；

austere的意思是“苛刻的”，质朴的"；barbaric的意思是“野蛮的”。四个选项中只有

A项符合题意。

17、Afullofallthereasonsfbrandagainstclosingtherailwayhasbegun.

A、explosion

B、exploration

C、exploitation

D^explanation

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题意为“人们畅所欲言，开始解释支持或反对关闭铁路的理由

explanation的意思是“解释，说明”，符合题意。如：Whatisyourexplanationfor

beinglate?（你对你的迟到怎么解释?）其他三项“explosion爆炸；exploration探险；

exploitation剥削，利用”都不正确。

18、Thedaywasbreakingandpeoplebegantogotoworksothemurdererwasunable

toofthebody.

A、dispense

R、dispose

C、discard

D、discharge

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本句想说的是因为天亮了人们开始去上班，所以凶手无法处理尸体。

四个选项中dispense的意思是“分配，分发“；discard的意思是“丢弃，抛弃”；

discharge的意思是“卸货，放出”。只有dispose和of构成固定搭配，意思是“处

置，处理

19、HehasbeenplowingthroughabiographyofLyndonJohnsonandaof

HenryKissinger.

A^casualty

B、criteria

C、dissection

D、necessity

标准答案：C

知识点解析：dissection剖析。casualty伤亡。crileria标准。necessity必需品。

20、Tenminuteslater,thepolicecameandthecrowd.

A、dismayed

B、dispersed

C、dismounted

D、distressed

标准答案：B

知识点解析:A.dismayed使惊愕，使气馁。B.dispersed（使）分散，（使）散开,疏

散。C.dismounted（使）下马。D.distressed使苦恼。

21>Inparticular,therectors'callforuniversitiestoabandonHabilitation,apost­

doctoralqualificationtraditionallyrequiredtojoinprofessorialranks,wasgreetedwitha

silence.

A、returning

B、repeating

C^rebounding

D^resounding

标准答案：D

知识点解析：此题为近义词辨析，需要用排除法。

22、Thepolicemusthaveasearchtosearchahouse,otherwisetheirsearchwill

beconsideredasillegalintrusion.

A、certificate

B、guarantee

C^license

D、Warrant

标准答案：D

知识点解析：warrant意为“授权令,许可证”,searchwarrant”搜查匪certificate

意为“匪书，证明书”；guarantee意为“担保，抵押，保证书"；license意为“执照，

许可证”。句意：警察要有搜查证才能搜查居民住所，否则被视为非法侵入。

23、ThesenatorofNewYorkcourtedblackvoters,consideredcrucialtothe

Democraticpresidentialnomination,inaseriesofcampaignstops.

A、confining

securing

C、lainpcring

D、pervading

标准答案：B

知识点解析：各项的意思是：confine“限制”；secure”保护，获得"；tamper"干预，

贿赂,削弱，篡改“；pervade"遍及

24、Withherlastchildhavinglefthome,shefeltaneedtofillhertime.

A^tense

B、thorough

C^pressing

D、small

标准答案.C

知识点露析：暂无解析

25、Youngpeople'ssocialenvironmenthasaeffectontheiracademicprogress.

A、gross

solid

C、profound

D、complete

标准答案：C

知识点解析:profound深刻的;gross全部的，总的；solid固体的;complete全部

的。句意：年轻人的社会环境对他们的学业进步会有深刻的影响。

26>fleesifoneisconstantlysubjectedtodemeaningorders.

A、Erime

Harassment

C^Conceit

D、Pride

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

27、Thesemanticofancientdocumentsisnotunique.Eveninourowntime,

manydocumentsarcdifficulttodecipher.

Axaspect

B、pattern

C、opacity

D、intention

标准答案：C

知识点解析：（opacity晦涩）。句意为：古代文献中的语义晦涩并不是独特的现象，

即便在当代，许多文献也很难解释。A.aspect方面；B.pattern模式；

D.intention意图。

28、Heissettingoutforthecountryandsendsyouathousandthanksand.

A^compliments

B、complements

C、satisfactions

D^supplements

标准答案：A

知识点解析：四个选项的意思分别是compliments”问候，致意”，如Yourpresence

isagreatcompliment（承蒙光1临，不胜荣幸）；complements"补足物"；

satisfactions“满意"；supplements”补充，增刊句意是,他就要动身去农村，表示

万分感谢你，并向你致以问候。所以正确答案是A选项。

29、Thetree,thebranchesarealmostbare,isaveryoldone.

A^ofwhich

B、inwhich

C^forwhich

D、withwhich

标准答案：A

知识点解析：ofwhich引导一个非限制性定语从句，其先行词为thetrees。of表示

所有格关系，即thebranchesofthetreeso

30、Enteringthefurniturestore,Mr.Thompsontookafewminutestothroughthe

catalogandgotasenseofwhatkindsofsofawereinpopulardemand.

A^gaze

B、stare

C、shuffle

D、riffle

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题的四个选项中，gaze意为“盯，凝视"；stare意为“凝视，盯着

看”；shuffle意为“拖曳,搅乱，推诿，洗牌"；riffle意为“使起涟漪,迅速洗牌”，

rifflethrough意为“很快地（漫不经心地）翻阅...本题的句意是,Thompson先生

走进家具店之后，用了几分钟时间快速翻阅了商品目录，了解了何种沙发受欢迎。

所以正确答案是D项。

二、阅读理解（本题共“7题，每题7.0分，共“7

分。）

Howeverimportantwemayregardschoollifetobe,thereisnogainsayingthefactthat

childrenspendmoretimeathomethanintheclassroom.Therefore,thegreatinfluenceof

parentscannotbeignoredordiscountedbytheteacher.Theycanbecomestrongalliesof

tileschoolpersonnelortheycanconsciouslyorunconsciouslyhinderandthwart

curricularobjectives.Administratorshavebeenawareoftheneedtokeepparents

apprisedofthenewermethodsusedinschools.Manyprincipalshaveconducted

workshopsexplainingsuchmattersasthereadingreadinessprogiam,manuscriptwriting

anddevelopmentalmathematics.Moreover,theclassroomteacher,withthepermissionof

thesupervisors,canalsoplayanimportantroleinenlighteningparents.Theinformaltea

andthemanyinterviewscarriedonduringtheyear,aswellasnewwaysofreporting

pupils'progress,cansignificantlyaidinachievingaharmoniousinterplaybetweenschool

andhome.Toillustrate,supposethatafatherhasbeendrillingJuniorinarithmetic

processesnightafternight.Inafriendlyinterview,theteachercanhelptheparent

sublimatehisnaturalpaternalinterestintoproductivechannels.Hemightbepersuadedto

letJuniorparticipateindiscussingthefamilybudget,buyingthefood,usingayardstick

ormeasuringcupathome,settingtheclock,calculatingmileageonatripandengagingin

scoresofotheractivitiesthathaveamathematicalbasis.Ifthefatherfollowstheadvice,

itisreasonabletoassumethathewillsoonrealizehissonismakingsatisfactoryprogress

inmathematics,andatthesametime,enjoyingthework.Toooften,however,teachers'

conferenceswithparentsaredevotedtopettyaccountsofchildren'smisdemeanors,

complaintsaboutlazinessandpoorworkhabits,andsuggestionforpenaltiesandrewards

athome.Whatisneededisamorecreativeapproachinwhichtheteacher,asa

professionaladviser,plantsideasinparents'mindsfor(hebestutilizationofthemany

hoursthatthechildspendsoutoftheclassroom.

31、Thecentralideaconveyedintheabovepassageisthat.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

32、Theauthordirectlydiscussesthefactthat.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

33、Itcanreasonablybeinferredthattheauthor.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

34、Amethodofcommunicationnotmentionedbytheauthoristhe.

标准徵:*.n

知识?解扁暂无解析

35、Theauthorimpliesthat.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

36、Theauthor'sattitudetowardsupervisorsisoneof.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

37、WemayinferthatthewriterofthearticledoesNOTfavor.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

Thefirstthingtonoticeisthatthemediawe'reallfamiliarwith—frombooksto

television-areone-waypropositions:theypushtheircontentatus.TheWebistwo-way,

pushandpull.Infinerpoint,itcombinestheone-wayreachofbroadcastwiththetwo-

wayreciprocityofamid-cast.Indeed,itsusercanatoncebeareceiverandsender

ofbroadcast—aconfusingproperty,butmindstretching!AsecondaspectoftheWebis

thatitisthefirstmediumthathonorsthenotionofmultipleintelligences.Thispast

century'sconceptofliteracygrewoutofourintensebeliefintext,afocusenhancedby

thepowerofoneparticulartechnology-thetypewriter.Itbecameagreattoollorwriters

butaterribleoneforothercreativeactivitiessuchassketching,painting,notatingmusic,

orevenmathematics.Thetypewriterprizedoneparticularkindofintelligence,butwith

theWeb,wesuddenlyhaveamediumthathonorsmultipleformsofintelligence一

abstract,textual,visual,musical,social,andkinesthetic.Aseducators,wenowhavea

chancetoconstructamediumthatenablesallyoungpeopletobecomeengagedintheir

idealwayoflearning.TheWebaffordsthematchweneedbetweenamediumandhowa

particularpersonlearns.AthirdandunusualaspectoftheWebisthatitleverages（起杠

杆作用）ihesmalleffortsofthemanywiththelargeeffortsofthefew.Forexample,

researchersintheMaricopaCountyCommunityCollegesysteminPhoenixhavefounda

waytolinkasetofseniorcitizenswithpupilsintheLongviewElementarySchool,as

hclpcr-mcntors（顾问）.It'swonderfultoscc-kidslistentothesegrandparentsbetterthan

theydototheirownparents,thementoringreallyhelpstheirteachers,andtheseniors

createasenseofmeaningforthemselves.Thus,thesmalleffortsoftheman—the

seniors-complementthelargeeffortsofthefew一theteachers.Thesamethingcanbe

foundinoperationatHewlett-Packard,whereengineersusetheWebtohelpkidswilh

scienceormathproblems.Bothoftheseexamplesbarelyscratchthesurfaceaswethink

aboutwhat'spossiblewhenwestartinterlacingresourceswithneedsacrossawhole

region.

38、Whatdoesthewordmind-stretchingimply?

标准答案：C

知识点解析:先找到这个词所在的句子“Indeed,itsusercanatoncebeareceiverand

senderofbroadcast-aconfusingproperty,butmind-stretching!"这句话是说，在网络

上人们可以是信息接受者也可以是发布者，这很让人有点迷惑，但是却对人的思维

有很高要求。可以看出mind-strctching!”的意思是C。

39、Whatisaterribletoolforactivitiessuchassketchingandpainting?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章中的第八行“Itbecameagreattoolfbrwritersbutaterribleonefor

othercreativeactivitiessuchassketching,painting,notatingmusic,oreven

mathematics.”这其中的it可以从紧跟的上文中找到是thetypewriter,所以是说

typewriter对sketching和painting来说是不好的工具。

40、Whichgroupofpeoplemakesomeeffortstohelppupilsinelementaryschools?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章的倒数第五行有这么一句：“Thus,thesmalleffortsoftheman-

theseniors—complementthelargeeffortsofthefew—theteachers."结合上文，说的是

小学请来年长者作为顾问，所以是年长者努力帮助小学生，故选D。

41、Thesentencetheseniorscreateasenseofmeaningforthemselvesmeanstheseniors

标准答案：A

知识点解析：这一句"theseniorscreateasenseofmeaningfbrthemselves”意思是"这

些老人也感觉到了自己的价值纵观选项，B、C、D都是说的有关网络的内容，

而这句话并没有涉及网络的内容，故A是符合其本意的。

42、Theexpression"scratchthesurface"mostprobablymeans.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：scratch乱涂，擦，刮,抓，挖出。可以看出词组“scratchthesurface”

的意思是“只接触表面”，只有C是跟这个意思相符的。C的意思是“处理某事物不

全面”，因此选C。

InTheBirthOrderBook:WhyYouAretheWayYouAre(2004),Dr.KevinLeman

notesthat21ofthefirst23Americansinspacewerefirst-bornmalesordnlychildren.

MorethanhalfofUnitedStatespresidentshavebeenfirst-bornsorfirst-bornboys.It'sa

prettysignificantfindinghistorically,becausefamiliesusedtobebiggerthantheyare

today."Inadditiontobeinghighachievers,olderchildrenalsogenerallyhavehigherIQs

(智商)thanyoungerones.Researchershaveriotedthatthemorekidsafamilyhas,the

lowereachchild'sindividualIQtendstobe.Theygiveafewreasonsforthis.Parents

onlyhavesomuchtime,attention,andmoney.Themorekidstheyhave,themorethese

thingsaredivided.First-bornsinitiallygettheentireparental-timepie.What'smore,the

ratioofgrown-upstokidsdecreaseswitheachnewbaby.Sotheyoungeronesarc

surroundedbymorechildren'slanguageonaveragethantheolderkids.Someresearchers

thinkparentalattentionisthekeytopersonalitybirth-orderdifferences.InhisbookBom

toRebel,psychologistFrankSullowaysayscompetitionforMomandDad'sattentionis

thethingthatreallyshapesourpersonalitiesand,infacthasshapedhistory.Heargues

thatweadaptourpersonalitiesaspartofourstrategytoseekfavorfromMomandDad.

Youngersiblings(兄弟姐妹)lendtobecomerebels.Sullowaystudiedpoliticalactivists

andfoundthatlater-bornactivistsweremoreradicalthantheirfirstbornpeers.The

conclusionofhisbookisthatsiblingcompetitionforparentalattentioncanaffectsociety

asawholeintimesofrevolution.ThomasJefferson,KarlMarx,andFidelCastrowereall

youngersiblings,fbrexample.Ascompellingasthisallis,it'salsosomethingweshould

probablytakewithcaution,thereareotherthingsthathappentousinlifebesidesthe

additionofsiblingstoourfamilies.Aparentcandie;ahurricanecanleaveushomeless;

wccancatchalife—threateningdisease.Anyoneofthesethingswillprobablyhave

moreofaneffectonourpersonalitiesthanthepresenceofsiblings.A2002studybore

thisoutAfterinterviewing535undergraduates,researchersconcludedthatpersonality

differencesrelatedtobirthorderwere"folklore",althoughIQandachievement

differenceswerewidelysupportedbyresearch.

43、Whatisimpliedby"theyoungeronesaresurroundedbymorechildren'slanguage

onaveragethantheolderkids"(Para.3)?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：从第三段可知后来出生的孩子明显和父母沟通甚少。

44、Sulloway,authorofBomtoRebel,suggeststhatyoungersiblings.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：由文章的第四段可知。

45>WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasafactorshapingpersonality?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本文第六段提到了A项“父母双亡”；C项“自然灾害”；D项“疾病威

胁惟独没有提到B选项。

46、Whatisthemeaningoffolklore"in(helastparagraph?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：从文中可知，“folklore”并不是其原来的本意“民俗学，民间风俗，民

间传说“，而是指没有经过证实的观点。

47、Whichofthefollowingstatementsisproposedbyresearchers?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：由第一段可判断出D项是最符合题意的。

ItwasanormaldayinthelifeoftheAmericanRedCrossinGreaterNewYork.First,

partofabuildingonWest140thStreet,inHarlem,felldown.Bedstumbledthroughthe

air,peopleslidoutoftheirapartmentsandontotheground,threepeopledied,andthe

RedCrosswasthere,helpingshockedresidentsfindtemporaryshelter,andfoodand

clothing.Thenitwasbackdowntownforthatevening'sbigfund-raiser,theEleventh

AnnualRedCrossAwardDinnerDance,atthePierre.'That'swhyIhavebadhair

tonight,"SaidChristopherPeake,aRedCrossspokesmanwhohadspentmuchoftheday

attheHarlemscene,inthedrizzlingmin.Hewasnowinatuxedo,andactuallyhishair

didn'tlooksobad,framedbyacenterpieceoftulipsandjonquils,andperhapsimproved

bysubduedlightingformeightcrystalchandeliers.Definitelynothavingabad-hairnight

wasElizabethDole,thewifeofSenatorRobertDoleandthepresidentoftheAmerican

RedCross.PresidentDolehaschestnut-coloredRepublicanhair,whichwassoftlycoifed,

andshewaswearingafitiedburgundyvelveteveningsuit("Someonemadeitforme!I

lovevelvet!"sheexclaimed,inherenthusiastic,NorthernCarolinahostessvoice)and

sparklingdropearrings.Ofcourse,shehadn'tbeenstandingintheraininHarlem;she

hadjustflownuponthethree-o'clockshuttlefromWashington.Doleisextremelypretty,

withroundgreeneyesandafullmouthandadirectpersonality.Shetiltsherhead

attentivelywhenshelistens.Shewastherecipientoftheevening'saward;previousaward

winnershaveincludedMiceTully,PrincessYasminAgaKhan,...and,mostrecently,

BrookeAstor.Notexactlyasequenceattheendofwhichyouwouldexpecttofind

ElizabethDole,butawardgiversarefamousforhavingpoliticalinstinctsaswellas

philanthropicones.Surroundedbythedeep-blueswagsandgoldendraperiesofthe

ballroomweremorethanthirty-fivedinnertablessetwithgroupingsofcandlesandfloral

centerpiecesandRoyalDoullonchina,AmericanExpresswasthere.SowereBristol-

MyersSquibb;Coopers&Lybrand;theNewYorkLife;...andPriceWaterhouse.The

actressArleneDahl,withherratherredhairandherbeardedhusband,presidedoverone

table.Otherwise,itwasatypical,faceless,captain-of-industryfundmiser(nomodels!No

stars!),ofwhichthereseemstobeatleastoneeverynightinNewYorkCity.Itwasnot

asocietynight,butstilltheeveningraisedfourhundredandthirtythousanddollars.

48、FromthatwereadwecaninferthatMitwasanormaldayinthelifeoftheAmerican

RedCrossinGreaterNewYork"meansitsstaff.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：从文章第一段可推出。A”每天处理市内的倒塌之房”，C“每日白天工

作，夜晚酒宴”，D“每天去哈莱姆，纽约最贫困地区，帮助那里的人民”，均不

对。

49、Thefund-raisermentionedinthepassagerefersto.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：见第一段第三句。

50、ChristopherPeake'shairdidn'tlooksobadbecause.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：见第一段最后一句c

51、ElizabethDolewas.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第二段第一句就提到伊丽莎白，美国红十字会主席，后面又提到她是

晚会获奖者，所以说她是最重要的代表。

52、ThepresenceofanactressattheDinermadethefundraising.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：从文章最后三句可知。这位演员的参加，使得宴会更个人化，“要不

然，这就是一个典型的、姓名不详的工业巨头的集资者会了"，所以选A,B、C、

D三项意思均相反。

Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatistical

methods.Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsof

governmentalunits(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)anda

gentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplaying

theoddsingamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,is

representedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingof

censusesallofwhichledtomodemdescriptivestatistics.Fromtheinfluenceofthe

fathercamemodeminferentialstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyontheoriesof

probability.Descriptivestatisticsinvolvestabulating,depicting,anddescribing

collectionsofdata.Thesedatamaybeeitherquantitative,suchasmeasuresofheight,

intelligence,orgradelevelvariablesthatarecharacterizedbyanunderlying

continuumorthedatamayrepresentqualitativevariable,suchassex,collegemajor,or

personalitytype.Largemassesofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessof

summarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptivestatisticsistool

fordescribingorsummarizingorreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofan

otherwiseunwieldymassofdata.Inferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethods

forsolvinganotherclassofproblemsthatpresentgreatdifficultiesfortheunaidedhuman

mind.Thisgeneralclassofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomake

predictionsusingasampleofobservations.Forexample,aschoolsuperintendentwishes

todeterminetheproportionofchildreninalargeschoolsystemwhocometoschool

withoutbreakfast,havebeenvaccinatedforflu,orwhatever.Havingalittleknowledgeof

statistics,thesuperintendentwouldknowthatitisunnecessaryandinefficienttoquestion

eachchild;theproportionlortheentiredistrictcouldbeestimatedfairlyaccuratelyfrom

asampleofasfewas100children.Thus,thepuiposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredict

orestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlya

sampleofthepopulation.

53、Whichofthefollowingarecountinganddescribingassociatedwith?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：由文章第一段中“Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,

statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,

andthetakingofcensusesallofwhichledtomodemdescriptivestatistics.“可以得

到答案。

54、Whydoestheauthormentionthe"mother"and"father"inthefirstparagraph?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：作者用“父亲”、"母亲”这样的说法只是为了用一种幽默和易懂的方式

来介绍统计学的由来。

55Whichofthefollowingistrueofdescriptivestatistics?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文章第三段最后一句话“Descriptivestatisticsistoolfordescribingor

summarizingorreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofanotherwiseunwieldy

massofdat；.”说明描述统计学是对大量杂乱的数据性质进行描叙、总结或者简化

以更易于理解的工具。所以C正确。

56、Whatisthepurposeofexaminingasampleofapopulation?

标准答案：D

知识点解扁：由文章最后一段易知：抽样检测的目的是为了预测整体的特性。这也

就是inferentialstatistics的方法和内容。

57、Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitlefor(hispassage?

标准答案：c

知识点0析：整篇文章讲述的就是统计学的发展和应用，所以C最合适。

Doesanunbornbabyknowhismother'svoice?PsychologyprofessorAnthonyDeCasper

advisedaningeniousexperimenttofindout.Heplacedpaddedearphonesovera

newborn'searsandgavehimabottlenippleattachedtoaclosedrubbertube.Changesin

pressureinthetubeswitchedchannelsonataperecorder.Ifthebabypausedextralong

betweenburstsofsucking,heheardonchannel;ifhepausedshorterthanaverage,he

heardtheother.Thebabynowhadtheability,ineffect,tochangechannels.DeCasper

foundthatnewbornschoosetherecordingoftheirmother'svoiceoverthatofanother

woman's.Thebaby,however,hasnoinnateinterestinhisfather'svoice,whichisheard

inthewombonlyfromtimetotime,whilethemother'svoiceiseverpresent.Withintwo

weeksafterbirth,however,thebabycanrecognizeDad'svoicetoo.Anewborniseven

attunedtothecadenceandrhythmofhisnativelanguage.InaFrenchstudyusingasetup

similartoDcCaspcr's,FrenchbabiesgiventhechoicebetweenFrenchandRussianwords

respondedmoretothesoundofFrench.BrianSalt,aresearchspecialistinclinical

psychology,hasparentssingalullaby-like"wombsong"totheirbabies.Theunborn

babyoftendevelopsaspecific,consistentmovementpatternwhenitssongissung.

AccordingtoSalt,mostparentscancalmafussynewbornwiththesongmostofthetime,

whichisaprizeworthmorethanrubiestoanewpareni.Heisrousedbyaheavyjolt.His

motherhastrippedandfallenheavilyononehip.Heismuchtoowellcushionedio

experienceanyinjury,butherpainandthefearthatshemayhavehurthimfloodsboth

theirbodieswithadrenalineandotherstress-relatedhormones.Hecriesandkicks

vigorously,acryneverheardbecausethereisnoairtomakesound.Assherecoversthe

stresshormonesebbaway,andhecalmsdowntoo.

58、WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedabouttheunbornbabyinthepassage?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

59、Accordingtotheauthor,anunbornbaby.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

60、Itisknownfromthepassagethat.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

61、Theauthorbelievesihatthereactionofanunbornbabytohismother'svoice

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

62、Ilcanassumedthattheparagraphprecedingthepassagemostprobablydiscussed

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

FrictionbetweenAmerica'smilitaryanditscivilianoverseersisnothingnew.America's

220-ycarexperimentinciviliancontrolofthemilitaryisarecipeforfriction.Thenation's

historyhasseenaseriesofshiftsindecision-makingpoweramongtheWhiteHouse,the

civiliansecretariesandtheuniformedelite（精英）.However,whatmayseemonthe

outsideanunstableandspecialsystemofpowersharinghas,withoutadoubt,beenakey

totwocenturiesofmilitarysuccess.Intheinfightingdatestotherevolution,George

Washingtonwagedacontinualstrugglenotjustformoney,buttocontroltheactualbattle

plan.TheframersoftheConstitutionsoughttoclarifythingsbymakingthepresidentthe

"commanderinchief.NotsinceWashingtonworehisuniformandledthetroopsacross

theAllegheniestoquell（MH）theWhiskeyRebellionhasasittingpresidenttaken

comman