专题16.1 阅读理解（应用文）（第02期） 带解析

2019年中考真题英语分项汇编（一）【2019•江西省中考】ThisistheschooltimetableofClassOne,GradeThree,SunshineSchoolonMonday.8:00—10:00amTechnologyInthislesson,studentslearnhowtosurftheInternetsafelyandeffectively.10:00—11;00amDramaDuringthislesson,studentswillhavethechancetoactoutroleswithotherstudents.11:00—11:45amPaintingStudentslearnhowtousewatercolorsproperly.Iftheweatherisgood,thelessonmaytakeplaceoutdoors.LUNCH1:00—2:00pmScience(Biologyorchemistry)Studentscanchoosewhichclasstoattend.Inbiologythisweek,studentswilllearnaboutthebonesinhumans.Inchemistry,thesubjectisHowexplosionshappen.2:00—3:45pmSPORTS2:00pmTheory(理论)Studentslearnabouttheskillsusedinacertainsport.Weseerealactionfrompastgamesonvideos.3:00pmPracticeStudentswillplayashortmatchlasting45minutes.Thisweek,thesportsaresoccer(theboys)andvolleyball(forgirls).HomeworkTechnology—theteacherwillgivestudentswebsitestolookup(about20minutes)Drama—studentshavetolearnapartforthenextlesson(30-60minutes)Biology/chemistry—studentshavetowriteareportofthelesson(about40minutes)1.Whattimedoesthedramalessonbegin?A.At8:00am. B.At10:00am. C.At1:00pm. D.At2:00pm.2.Howlongdoesthesciencehomeworktake?A.Atleast90minutes. B.About20minutes.C.Morethan60minutes. D.About40minutes.3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetimetable?A.Studentsalwaystaketheirpaintinglessonsoutsides.B.Boystudentswillplayashortsoccermatchthisweek.C.Studentswilluseskillsinrealgamesinthetheorylesson.D.Studentslearnhowtofixcomputersinthetechnologylesson.【文章大意】这是阳光学校三年级一班星期一的时间表。1.B【解析】细节理解题。根据10:00-11;00amDramaDuringthislesson,studentswillhavethechancetoactoutroleswithotherstudents.可知是10点开始；故选B。2.D【解析】细节理解题。根据Science(Biologyorchemistry)HomeworkBiology/chemistry-studentshavetowriteareportofthelesson(about40minutes)可知大约花费40分钟；故选D。3.B【解析】推理判断题。根据Iftheweatherisgood,thelessonmaytakeplaceoutdoors.可知A不对；根据Studentswillplayashortmatchlasting45minutes.Thisweek,thesportsaresoccer(theboys)可知B对；根据Studentslearnabouttheskillsusedinacertainsport.Weseerealactionfrompastgamesonvideos.可知C不对；根据Inthislesson,studentslearnhowtosurftheInternetsafelyandeffectively.可知D不对；故选B。（二）【2019•江苏省苏州市】SchoolholidayactivitiesatthelibraryActivityWhenCostWhoCartooningwithEvaLeungTuesday7June,9—11a.m.﹩3.00to.coverthecostofartpaperandpencils5to8-year-oldsActivityWhenCostWhoCartooningwithEvaLeungWednesday8June,9—11a.m.$3.00tocoverthecostofartpaperandpencils9to10-year-oldsEvaLeungisfamousforhercartoonspublishedregularlyinKIDStimemagazineActivityWhenCostWhoKite-makingWednesday8June,2—4p.m.$3.00tocoverthecostofpaper,stringandothermaterials5to10-year-oldsActivityWhenCostWhoKite-makingThursday9June,2—4p.m.$3.00tocoverthecostofpaper,stringandothermaterials5to10-year-olds4.Whoisthisposterfor?A.Cartoonists. B.Librarians. C.Writers. D.Children.5.Onwhichdayaretheretwodifferentactivities?A.Monday. B.Tuesday. C.Wednesday. D.Thursday.6.Whyaretheretwocartooningclassesontheprogram?A.Becausetheclassesarefordifferentagegroups.B.BecausemoretimeisneededtolearncartooningC.Becausethereisastrictlimitonnumbersforeachclass.D.Becausesomechildrenmightwanttodoboththeclasses.【文章大意】本文是广告类阅读，介绍了图书馆针对少年儿童的活动信息：主题、时间、费用（材料）和活动对象。4.D【解析】题意：这张海报是给谁的?考查细节理解。根据Schoolholidayactivitiesatthelibrary和海报的年龄信息（Who）可知都是孩子们的活动，故选D。5.C【解析】题意：哪一天有两种不同的活动?考查细节理解。根据第二则Activity:CartooningwithEvaLeung/When:Wednesday8June,9—11a.m.和第三则Activity:Kite-making/When:Wednesday8June,2—4p.m.可知6月8日星期三上午和下午都有活动，故选C。6.A【解析】题意：为什么计划中有两个卡通班?考查细节判断。前面两则都是卡通课，根据第一则Who:5to8-year-olds和第二则Who:9to10-year-olds可知对象不一样，Becausetheclassesarefordifferentagegroups.符合题意，故选A。【点睛】阅读理解是最能体现学生英语能力的题型，分值较高，如何通过解题方法的掌握来提升自己解答阅读理解题的技巧是学生最关心的问题。初中阅读理解一般考查学生的细节理解能力，主旨理解能力和推理判断能力。做阅读理解题，首先要准确理解题意，然后根据题意根据短文内容做出正确的答案。（1）考查细节理解能力，此类型题较简单，准确理解题意后，直接到文中找出答案。（2）考查猜词能力。做这种题型时，要根据上下文意思准确猜出词意。3）考查推理判断能力，此类题型较难，准确理解题意后，在文中找出相关的内容做出合理的推断。（4）考查主旨理解题。此类题型需通读全文，整体把握，根据文本主要内容选择合适的选项。（三）【2019•湖南省郴州市】阅读下面的图表,完成下列小题。ShoppingGuideinJixangHypermarket5FRestaurant,Teahouse,Coffeehouse,Cinema4FChildren’sclothing,Children’spleasureground3FMen’sclothing,Sportsclothing2FWomen’sclothing1FFruits,vegetables,meat,eggs,drinks,cookedfood,etc.Businesshours:Weekdays:8:00a.m.—9:30p.m.Weekends:8:30a.m.—10:00p.m.7.Youcanbuyashirtforyourfatheron_________.A.thethirdfloor B.thefourthfloor C.thefifthfloor8.Accordingtotheguide,youcangoshoppingat_________onweekends.A.8:00a.m. B.9:30p.m. C.10:30p.m.【文章大意】这篇短文主要介绍了Jixang超市导购指南。7.A【解析】细节理解题。根据文中3FMen’sclothing,Sportsclothing可知，在第三层可以给父亲买衬衫。故选A。8.B【解析】细节理解题。根据文中Businesshours:Weekdays:8:00a.m-9:30p.m;Weekends:8:30a.m.-10:00p.m可知，在周末下午9点半可以购物。根据题意，故选B。（四）【2019•湖南省郴州市】阅读下面的图表,完成下列小题。Huaweihasannouncedtodaythatsmartphonesalesabroadin2018havereachedover200millionunits.InrecentmonthsthecompanyhasbecometheNo.2supplier（供应商）ofsmartphones,aheadofAppleandbehindSamsung,markingagreatprogressHuaweihasmadesinceitenteredthismarketeightyearsago.AnextendedversionoftheFuzingbullettrainwillbefittedwiththeautomatictrainoperationsystem（列车自动控制系统）.Withadesignspeedof350kilometersperhour,thenewtrainis439.8meterslong,with17carriages（火车车厢）thatcancarry1283passengers.Theworld’sfirst5G-enabledrailwaystationisonitsway!TheShanghaiHongqiaoRailwayStationisthefirstrailwaystationbuiltuponthe5Gdigital（数字的）indoorsystem,withChinaMobileandHuaweilaunching（发射）thenetwork’ssystemthere.9.Inrecentmonths,whichcompanyhasbecometheNo.2supplierofsmartphones?A.Samsung. B.Huawei. C.Apple.10.AnextendedversionoftheFuzingbullettraincanreachthespeedof_________.A.350kilometersperhourB.200kilometersperhourC.128kilometersperhour11._________willbetheworld’sfirst5G-enabledrailwaystation?A.BeijingRailwayStationB.ShenzhenRailwayStationC.TheShanghaiHongqiaoRailwayStation【文章大意】这篇短文主要介绍了三个科技的发展：华为智能手机；新列车自动控制系统；5G的火车站。9.B【解析】细节理解题。根据文中Huaweihasannouncedtodaythatsmartphonesalesabroadin2018havereachedover200millionunits.InrecentmonthsthecompanyhasbecometheNo.2supplier（供应商）ofsmartphones可知，华为已成为智能手机的第二大供应商。故选B。10.A【解析】细节理解题。根据文中AnextendedversionoftheFuzingbullettrainwillbefittedwiththeautomatictrainoperationsystem（列车自动控制系统）.Withadesignspeedof350kilometersperhour可知，它的时速可以达到350公里。故选A。11.C【解析】细节理解题。根据文中TheShanghaiHongqiaoRailwayStationisthefirstrailwaystationbuiltuponthe5Gdigital（数字的）indoorsystem可知，是在上海虹桥火车站。故选C。【点睛】我们在做阅读理解题时，就要明确初中阅读理解考查的主要内容，在此基础上，快速阅读全文，了解文章大意；在了解文章的基础上，抓住首尾句；认真仔细、逐步答题；平心静气，不急躁，仔细检查，减少误差。严格说来，阅读理解主要要求是：1.掌握阅读主旨大意，用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节；2.既理解具体事实，也理解抽象的概念；3.既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度以及意图等。（五）【2019•浙江省杭州市】TheCoffeePotRestaurantWe’relookingforSaturdayassistants(帮手)inourbusytowncentrerestaurant.Thejobwillincludesettingandclearingtables,servingcustomersandhelpinginthekitchen.We’relookingforpoliteandpatientpeoplewhocanworkunderpressure.Hours:10am-4pmincludingahalf-hourlunchbreak.Pay:£5anhour+lunchFilmExtrasWantedHaveyoueverwantedtobeinthemovies?Areyouinterestedinacting?We’remakingafilminthelocalareaduringJulyandAugustandwe’llneedseveralyoungpeopleasextras(临时演员).We’relookingforactiveandsocial14-18-year-olds.Pay:£50aday+meals.Pleaseincludearecentphotographinyourapplication.NewspaperBoys/GirlsWe’relookingforhonestyoungpeopletodeliver(投递)newspapersandmagazines.Weneedonepersonformorningdeliveries(7-8)andtwopeopleforeveningdeliveries(5-6).Youmustbeatleast13yearsoldandhaveyourownbicycle.Formorningdeliveriesyouneedtobegoodatgettingupearly,too!Pay:£30aweekWhenyouapply(申请),pleasesaywhetheryouprefermorningsorevenings.PART-TIMEASSISTANTSWANTEDShop’n’SaveSupermarketneedstwoyoungpeople(14-18)foreveningandweekendwork.Thejobincludeshelpingcustomers,puttingthingsontheshelves,collectingtrolleys,etc.Hours:5-7eveningsor10-5SaturdaysandSundays.Pay:£4anhourandfreelunchforweekendhours12.Tobeafilmextra,onehastobe_________.A.politeandpatient B.activeandsocial C.honestandstrong D.helpfulandcareful13.Apart-timeassistantatShop’n’SaveSupermarketneedsto_________.A.setandcleartables B.provideaphoto C.delivernewspapers D.helpcustomers14.If13-year-oldTomisfreefrom5:00pmto7:00pm,whichjobcanheapplyfor?A.Arestaurantassistant. B.Afilmextra.C.Anewspaperboy. D.Asupermarketassistant.【文章大意】这篇短文由四个广告组成，第一个广告是某餐馆在寻找帮手；第二个广告是招聘临时演员；第三个广告是找送报纸和杂志的男孩或女孩；最后一个是某超市招聘兼职的工作人员。12.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二个广告中We’relookingforactiveandsocial14-18-year-olds可知，临时演员应该积极、有社交能力。由此可知应选B。13.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第四个广告中Thejobincludeshelpingcustomers,puttingthingsontheshelves,collectingtrolleys,etc.可知，Shop’n’Save这个超市招聘工作人员来帮助顾客、把东西放到架子上，收集手推车等等。由此可知应选D。14.C【解析】细节理解题。根据题意可知，Tom13岁了，下午5点到7点有时间，按照这些条件我们在每个广告中寻找，根据第三个广告Weneedonepersonformorningdeliveries(7-8)andtwopeopleforeveningdeliveries(5-6).Youmustbeatleast13yearsoldandhaveyourownbicycle.可知，Tom的条件都符合，故应选C。【点睛】这是一篇说明文，是四个广告，每一篇短文有独立的主题。做题时，可以先阅读题目，根据题目所问，用关键词定位法，锁定相关语句，结合选项作答。例如第1小题，根据题目中的关键词filmextra可以定位到第二个广告，根据We’relookingforactiveandsocial14-18-year-olds可知应选A。再如第3小题，这个题干中给出了Tom具备的条件，要求为他选择一个适合的工作。这个题目可以使用排除法，主要从年龄和工作的时间两个方面考量。A选项时间不合适；B和D两个选项年龄不合适。故应选C。（六）【2019•浙江省湖州市】SummerCulture"Whatisyourteendoingthissummer?"WelcomeastudentfromFranceorSpainintoyourfamily!HostastudentfromSpainorFranceandexperiencehis/herlifeandculture.ExchangestudentsfromSpainandFrancearelookingforwelcomingwarm,funandlovinghostswhowillsharelifeandculturewiththemforafewweeksinJune,JulyandAugust.Stayscanbefrom3to6weeks.WhattodowithyourexchangestudentMovies/Museums/Beach/Cooking/Baking/Communityprojects/Volunteering/Hangingout/Shopping/Disneyland/anythingyoucanthinkof.Requirementstohost:Loving,active,outgoingfamilyOnestay-athome.OrparttimehostparentTeeninthehomewithin4yearsofageoftheexchangestudentWillingtotakestudentstoplacesorinterestonceaweek(maybevisitingthemnextsummerattheirhomecountries)Ifyouareinterestedandwouldlikemoreinformation,pleasecontact:ShirleyWentzell909-918-6715Email:Shirley@15.ExchangestudentsfromFranceorSpainwillpossiblystayfor_____________inhostfamilies.A.10days B.5weeks C.2months D.1year16.Accordingtothepassage,wecanlearnthat________________.A.exchangestudentswillcomebacknextsummerB.exchangestudentshavetocookdinnerbythemselvesC.parentsinahostfamilyshouldhavefull-timejobsD.teensinhostfamiliescanexperiencedifferentcultures17.Thetextaboveisprobablya_____________.A.letter B.notice C.poster D.diary【文章大意】这是一个海报，内容是关于来自西班牙或法国的交换生要找寄宿家庭，以及对寄宿家庭的一些要求，也许有机会明年暑假去他们的国家。15.B【解析】细节理解题。根据Stayscanbefrom3to6weeks.3到6周，可知是可能呆5周；故选B。16.D【解析】细节理解题。根据ExchangestudentsfromSpainandFrancearelookingforwelcomingwarm,funandlovinghostswhowillsharelifeandculturewiththem可知寄宿家庭能分享不同的文化；故选D。17.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据这是一个海报，内容是关于来自西班牙或法国的交换生要找寄宿家庭，以及对寄宿家庭的一些要求，也许有机会明年暑假去他们的国家。根据文章内容，可知是一个海报；故选C。（七）【2019•湖北省鄂州市】TheLatestBooksMyABCsby:DisneyBookGroupReleased:April3,2018Pages:14AgeRange:0–2SantaBruceby:RyanT.HigginsReleased:September4,2018Pages:48AgeRange:3–5Solo:StarWarsby:LucasfilmPressReleased:September4,2018Pages:32AgeRange:6–8MagicBook:Spellsby:AmberBenson,DaronNefcyDominicBisignanoReleased:September11,2018Pages:288AgeRange:9–1218.IfTomis3yearsold,hecanchoose_____________toread.A.MagicBook:Spells B.Solo:StarWarsC.SantaBruce D.MyABCs19.Whowrote＂Solo:StarWars＂?A.AmberBenson. B.LucasfilmPress.C.RyanT.Higgins. D.DisneyBookGroup.20.Whichbookhasthemostpages?A.MyABCs. B.SantaBruce.C.Solo:StarWars. D.MagicBook:Spells.21.WhatistrueaboutMyABCs?A.ItwaswrittenbyRyanT.Higgins. B.Ithasthirty-twopages.C.A6-year-oldgirlcanreadit. D.ItcameoutonApril3,2018.22.Thepassagemaybe_____________.A.astory B.anadvertisement C.anovel D.apoem【文章大意】这篇短文给我们介绍了四本最新的书，包括他们的作者、发行时间、页数以及适合哪个年龄段的孩子阅读等信息。18.C【解析】细节理解题。根据题干中给出的年龄信息Tomis3yearsold，在短文AgeRange中搜索可知，第二本书SantaBruce适合3到5岁的孩子阅读，符合题干要求，故应选C。19.B【解析】细节理解题。根据题干中给出的书名Solo:StarWars可以定位到第三篇短文，根据by:LucasfilmPress可知，应选B。20.D【解析】细节理解题。题干中问的是页数最多的书，因此应注意每一段短文中Pages的信息，浏览可知MagicBook:Spells中Pages:288，这本书有288页，是最多的。故应选D。21.D【解析】细节理解题。根据题目所问可知，这个题目考查我们对第一本书相关内容的理解，根据Released:April3,2018可知D选项是正确的。根据by:DisneyBookGroup可知A不对；根据Pages:14可知B不对；根据AgeRange:0—2可知C不对。22.B【解析】推理判断题。astory一个故事；anadvertisement一个广告；anovel一个小说；apoem一首诗。根据文章标题TheLatestBooks以及文章结构可知，这篇短文给我们介绍了几本新书，包括书名、作者、发行时间、页数以及适合哪个年龄段的孩子阅读等信息。这样的短文具有告知读者相关信息的作用