考博英语模拟试卷252

考博英语模拟试卷252

一、词汇（本题共30题，每题7.0分，共30分。）

1、Itisunderstoodbyallconcernedthatthewordnoonewhovisitshimever

breatheasyllableofinhisheatingwillremainforeverunspoken.

A、uncommunicatively

B>acceptably

C、tacitly

D、taciturnly

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本句的意思是“相关方面默然达成一致意见：拜访过他的人没有跟他

讲的话以后谁也不许说出去tacitly意为“沉默地，默然地”，如：Managementhas

givenitstacitapprovaltotheplan.（管理部门已暗中对该计划给予了支持。）其他三

项iinccmrrmnicatively“不爱说话地”，acceptably”可以接受地”，tacihimly”（指人）沉

默寡言地''都与句意不符。

2、Itisnaivetoexpectthatanysocietycanresolveallthesocialproblemsitisfaced

with.

A^forlong

BNinandout

C、onceforall

D^bynature

标准答案：C

知识点解析：onceforall表不“一劳永逸A项forlong表不“长久”；B项inand

out表示"里外”；D项bynature表示“本质上”。

3、Somepeoplethinkit'stosmokewithacigaretteholder.

A、flexible

B、sophisticated

C、versatile

D、productive

标准答案：B

知识点解析；本题意为“一些人认为用烟斗抽烟显得老练sophisticated的意思是

“老练的”，如：asophisticatedgirl（—个老于世故的女孩子）。flexible的意思是“易弯

曲的，灵活的”;versatile的意思是“多才多艺的，通用的”;productive的意思是“多

产的，生产的”。只有B项符合题意。

4、Twotruckswerereportedtohavehead-onyesterday.

A、bumped

crashed

C、collided

D、struck

标准答案：c

知识点解析：本题意为“据报道，昨天两辆卡车迎头相撞collide”车、船相撞”符

合题意，如：Inrunningroundthecorner,hecollidedwithanotherman.（在跑过拐

角时，他撞上了另一个人。）其他三项bump“碰撞，撞见"，crash”（飞机）坠毁，撞

坏"，strike"撞，（一般后接）"against都不正确。

5、Hewillsimplynotlistentoanybody;heistoargument.

A^impervious

B、imperceptible

C、impassable

D、blunt

标准答案：A

知识点解析：impervious不受影响的；imperceplible感觉不到的；impassable不可

通行的；blunt迟钝的。

6、Whilewalkingalongtheicyriverbanks,wecouldseecracksintheiceinall

directions.

A、radiating

B、dividing

C、splitting

D、tearing

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题是说当沿着结冰的河堤行走时，我们可以看到冰上的裂纹正四处

裂开。C项“splitv.（多指顺纹）裂开；（使）分裂；撕裂”符合题皂。其他三项中，

radiatev.”辐射，（使）从中心发散”;dividev.”划分;分配；隔开“；tear

vt.“撕，撕裂”，都与题意不符。

7^Theofthewordisunknown,butitiscertainlynotfromGreek.

A、origin

B>generation

C、descent

D、cause

标准答案：A

知识点解析：表示词语的起源应用origin"事物开始出现的始点或其来源与出处”。

8、Wchadtolearntoworkwithothersandmanyofourownideashadtobefor

thegoodofthewhole.

A、thrownaway

B>compensated

C^brushedaside

D^neglected

标准答案：C

知识点解析：throwaway扔掉；compensate补偿：brushaside不顾：neglect忽视。

根据句意，C最合适。

9、NepalisacountryincentralAsiathatislandlockedandbytheHimalayas.

A^secluded

B、bordered

C^integrated

D^opened

标准答案：B

知识点解析：seclude使（尤指自己）与他人隔离,隐居。border接壤。integrate结

合。open公开。

10、Theseexamplesshowthatopennessandtheabilitytochangebringscouplesagiant

stepclosertothemaritalharmonythey.

Axrequest

B、negotiate

C^crave

D、detest

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题空格处是说他们所渴望的是和谐融洽的婚姻。C项crave“渴望”

符合题意。其他三项request"请求，要求”；negotiate“协商”；detest“厌恶”都不正

确。

11>Hewaswidelyregardedasamanbecauseherevealeddailyhisdistrustof

humannatureandhumanmotives.

A^disrespectful

B、cynical

C、confused

D、misinformed

标准答案：B

知识点解析：（cynical怀疑的，悲观的）。句意为：人们广泛地认为他是一个悲观的

人，因为他每天都对人性和人的动机表示怀疑。A.disrespectful不尊敬的；

C.confused困惑的；D.misinfonned得到错误消息的。

12、Theconceptofaloyaloppositiontheofmodemdemocracyrarely

prevailsand,muchmorefrequently,oppositionisequatedwithtreasonandruthlessly

suppressed.

A^loop

B、essence

C、equivalent

D^velocity

标准答案：B

知识点解析：essence本质；loop循环;equivalent等价物;velocity速度，速率。

13、Wehadtoalotofnoisewhenthechildrenwereathome.

A^goinfor

B、holdonto

C^putupwith

D、keeppacewith

标准答案：C

知识点解析：A项goinfor意为“从事于，酷爱，参加"：B项holdonto意为“抓

住...不放,坚持”;C项putupwith“忍受，容忍”;D项keeppacewith意为“跟

上，和……齐步前进

14、TheUnitedStateswastryinghardtosmoketheenemyoutoftheholesinthetarget

country.

A、对敌人施以地毯式轰炸

R、将敌人熏死在洞中

C、引诱敌人出洞

D、向洞中的敌人投掷毒气弹

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、Heisahypocrite,aliar,athief-,heisthegreatestdevilIeverknow.

A、asaconsequence

B、asarule

C、asamatteroffact

D^asamatterofroutine

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

16、Hewillhavetohisindecentbehaviouroneday.

A、answerto

B>answerfor

C^answerback

D、answerabout

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查词语搭配。answer可与to连用，表示“相符，符合“；answer

back指“回嘴，顶嘴”；answerfor意为“对...负责，保证（某事）良好answer—

般不与aboul搭配。显然，B项更符合要求。

17、JapanremainstiedtotheWesterncamppartlybecausetherelationshiphasbecome

tohereconomyandpoliticsoverfortyyears'association.

A^integral

B、unilateral

C、rational

D、hierarchical

标准答案：A

知识点解析：句子前面提到“日本和西方阵营保持很密切的关系”，后面提到了原因

“因为这种关系在过去四十年中对于其经济和政治根据上下文，integral

恰好符合题意，因为它口勺意思是forminganecessarypartofsomething,即“构成整

体所必需的或不可或缺的部分”。再例如：Vegetablesareanintegralpartofour

diet.（蔬菜是饮食中不可缺少的部分。Unilateral意为“单边的，单方面的”；

rational意为“理性的"；hierarchical意为“有统治权的，等级制度的

18、Theman'sdirectionsconfusedus,wedidnotknowwhichofthetworoadsto

take.

A^complicated

B、arbitrary

C、ambiguous

D、intricate

标准答案：C

知识点解析：句意：那个人含糊的指引使我们迷惑了……。ambiguous”歧义的，含

糊的“；complicated”复杂的，难解的“；arbitrary”任意的，武断的“；intricate"错综

复杂的”。

19、TheDrincipaldutyoftheUnitedNationsistosafeguardthepeaceoftheworld.

A、primary

B、prime

C^privileged

D、precedent

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题中，principal的意思是“首要的，主要的”。四个选项中，primary

和prime都有“主要的，最重要的”意思，但prime主要用来修饰比较具体的名词，

如aprimeexample,theprimesuspecto而primary则主要用来修饰比较抽象的名

词,如primaryconcern,primaryresponsibilityoprivileged的意思是“有特权的";

precedent的意思是“先例”，是一个名词。只有A符合题意。

20、TheofhisfirstnovelappearedinTheTimesyesterday;nodoubthewas

veryhappytoseethat.

A^survey

B、inspection

C、appraisal

D、review

标准答案：D

知识点解析：（review评论）。句意为：昨天，他第一本小说的评论刊登在《泰晤士

报》上。看到评论，他无疑感到高兴。A.survey概观，测量；B.inspeclion检

查，审查；C.appraisal估价,评价。

21>Youcannotbecarefulwhenyoudriveacar.

A、very

so

C>too

D、enough

标准答案：C

知识点解析：cannotbetoocareful构成特殊用法，意为“无论多么小心都不为过

22、throughtheatticandseeifyoucanfindanythingforthejumblesale.

A、Leash

B、Rummage

C、Flutter

D、Scrape

标准答案：B

知识点解析：各项的意思是：leash”用皮带系上，［喻］束缚,控制“；rummage”搜

查,搜出“；flutter”飘动,振翼,拍翅膀”;scrape“刮,擦"；scrapethrough”勉强通

过”。

23Amembershipcardauthorizestheclub'sfacilitiesforaperiodof12months.

A、theholderusing

B、theholder'suse

C^theholdertouse

D、theholderuses

标准答案：c

知识点词析：空格处的意思是：会员卡的持有人被授权使用俱乐部的设施12个

月。authorizesb.todosth.”授予某人做某事的权利”。应选择C。

24、Theof"snake"issimplythis:aleglessreptilewithalong,thinbody.

A、connotation

denomination

C、donation

D、denotation

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题空格处意为“蛇的本意是……denolalion意为“本义，指示意

义"，connotation意为“隐含意义,转义”,denomination意为“名称,命名，（货币

的）面额"，donation意为“捐赠品，捐款”。只有D符合题意。

25、Shethelistofnamestoseeifherswasonit.

A^glanced

B、gazed

C、peered

D、scanned

标准答案：D

知识点解析：D项“scanned细看，审视”符合题意。其他三项“A项glanced一瞥，

扫视（后接at）；B项gazed凝视,注视（后接at/on/upon）；C项peered偷看（后接at）”

都不正确。本题意为“她审视名单，看上面是否有姐的名字因此D项为正确答

案。

26>Heishonest.Hisactionsarealwayshiswords.

A、contradictoryto

B、contradictedby

C、agreedwith

D、consistentwith

标准答案：D

知识点解析：beconsistentwith与...一致，相符合；becontradictoryto与...相

反；coniradici同...矛盾，同抵触；agreewith意见一致，同意。

27、Recentlysomeincidentsinvolvingmistreatmentofnewimmigrantsand

ethnicgroupshaveoccunedinsomeEuropeancountries.

A、vile

B、steady

C、dreary

D^dissimilar

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题是说，近来欧洲一些国家发生了些不道德的事，包括虐待新移民

和少数民族群体等。四个选项中，A项vile的意思是“卑鄙的，可耻的"，如Idon't

ihinkihalheisvile（我不认为他有这么卑劣）；B项sleady的意思是“稳固的，稳定

的，坚定的“：C项dreary的意思是“沉闷的”；D项dissimilar的意思是“不同的，相

异的根据题意，A项为正确答案。

28、Heissettingoutforthecountryandsendsyouathousandthanksand.

A^compliments

B、complements

C、satisfactions

D^supplements

标准答案：A

知识点解析：四个选项的意思分别是compliments”问候，致意“，illYourpresence

isagreatcompliment（承蒙光1临，不胜荣幸）：complements“补足物”;

satisfactions"满意"；supplements”补充，增刊”。句意是，他就要动身去农村，表示

万分感谢你，并向你致以问候。所以正确答案是A选项。

29>Thenovelcontainssomemarvellouslyrevealingofrurallifeinthe19th

century.

A、glances

B、glimpses

CNglares

D、gleams

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题答案是B。B项的意思是：glimpse瞥见。其他各项的意思是：

glance扫视，匆匆一看；glare闪耀；gleam使发微光，使闪烁。

30、Thelawyerhisideasloudlyandclearlyatthecourt,whichsurprisedhera

greatdeal.

A、acclaimed

B、admonished

CNaddressed

D、asserted

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题答案是D。D项asserted意为“断言；主张；维护；表明“。其他

三项词义：acclaimed意为“喝彩，称赞,宣布“；admonished意为“劝告;警告”；

addressed意为"向...致辞，演说，从事”。

二、阅读理解（本题共“9题，每题1.0分，共“9

分。）

Theriseofmultinationalcorporations（跨国公司）,globalmarketing,new

communicationstechnologies,andshrinkingculturaldifferenceshaveledtoan

unparalleledincreaseinglobalpublicrelationsorPR.Surprisingly,sincemodernPR

WaslargelyanAmericaninvention,theU.S.leadershipinpublicrelationsisbeing

threatenedbyPReffortsinothercountries.Tenyearsago,forexample,theworld'stop

fivepublicrelationsagencieswereAmerican-owned.In1991,onlyonewas.TheBritish

inparticulararebecomingmoresophisticatedandcreative.Arecentsurveyfoundthat

morethanhalfofallBritishcompaniesincludePRaspartoftheircorporate（公司的）

planningactivities,comparedtoaboutone-thirdofU.S.companies,Itmaynotbelong

beforeLondonreplacesNewYorkasthecapitalofPR.WhyisAmericalaggingbehind

intheglobalPRrace?First,Americansasawholetendtobefairlyprovincialandtake

moreofaninterestinlocalaffairs.Knowledgeofworldgeography,forexample,has

neverbeenstronginthiscountry.Secondly,AmericanslagbehindtheirEuropeanand

Asiancounterparts（相对应的人）inknowingasecondlanguage.Lessthan5percentof

Burson-Marshall'sU.S.employeesknowtwolanguages.OgilvyandMatherhasabout

thesamepercentageconversely,someEuropeanfirmshavehalformoreoftheir

employeesfluentinasecondlanguage.Finally,peopleinvolvedinPRabroadtendto

keepaclosereyeoninternationalaffairs.InthefinancialPRarea,forinstance,most

AmericansreadtheWallStreetJournalOverseas,theircounterpartsreadtheJournalas

wellas(heFinancialTimesofLondonandTheEconomist,publicationsnotoftenreadin

thiscountry.PerhapsthePRindustrymighttakealessonfromTedTurnerofCNN(Cable

NewsNetwork).Turnerrecentlyannouncedthattheword"foreign"wouldnolongerbe

usedonCNNnewsbroadcasts.AccordingtoTurner,globalcommunicationshavemade

thenationsoftheworldsointerdependentthatthereisnolongeranysuchthingas

foreign.

31、Accordingtothepassage,U.S.leadershipinpublicrelationsisbeingthreatened

because.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：依据是文章第二段第1至第2行。

32、LondoncouldsoonreplaceNewYorkasthecenterofPRbecause.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：依据是文章第二段第5行开始。

33、Theword"provincial"(Line2,Para.3)mostprobablymeans"

标准答案：A

知识点解析：该词出现在第三段第2行，依据下文的补充说明“lakemoreofan

interestinlocalaffairs”可推断该词和选项A的意思最为接近。

34、WclearnfromthethirdparagraphthatemployeesintheAmericanPR

industry.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：该题最大的干扰项可能来自于B项。但是文章第三段第3行只说美

国人的世界地理观不强，并不能说他们对世界地理一无所知。

35、WhatlessonmightthePRindustrytakefromTedTurnerofCNN?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：“TedTumerofCNN说theword4foreign?wouldnolongerbeusedOIL..”

意思是说我们应该将视野放宽，具有强烈的国际观念，而不要将注意力局限在国

内。D项只是肤浅地理解了字面意思。

TobroadentheirvotingappealinthePresidentialelectionof1796,theFederalists

selectedThomasPinckney,aleadingSouthCarolinian,asrunningmatefortheNew

EnglanderJohnAdams.ButPinckney'sSouthernfriendschosetoignoretheirparty's

intentionsandregardedPinckneyasaPresidentialcandidate,creatingapoliticalsituation

thatAlexanderHamiltonwasdeterminedtoexploit.Hamiltonhadlongbeenwaryof

Adams*stubbornlyindependentbrandofpoliticsandpreferredtoseehisrunningmate,

overwhomhecouldexertmorecontrol,inthePresident'schair.Theelectionwasheld

underthesystemoriginallyestablishedbytheConstiturion.Atthattimetherewasbuta

singletally,withthecandidatereceivingthelargestnumberofelectoralvotesdeclared

PresidentandthecandidatewiththesecondlargestnumberdeclaredVicePresident.

HamiltonanticipatedthatalltheFederalistsintheNorthwouldvoteforAdamsand

PinckneyequallyinanattempttoensurethatJeffersonwouldnotbeeitherfirstorsecond

inthevoting.PinckneywouldbesolidlysupportedintheSouthwhileAdamswouldnot.

HamiltonconcludedifitwerepossibletodivertafewelectoralvotesfromAdamsto

Pinckney,PinckneywouldreceivemorethanAdams,yetbothFederalistswouldoutpoll

Jefferson.VariousmethodswereusedtopersuadetheelectorstovoteasHamilton

wished.Inthepress,anonymousarticleswerepublishedattackingAdamsforhis

monarchialtendenciesandJeffersonforbeingoverlydemocratic,whilepushing

Pinckneyastheonlysuitablecandidate.Inprivatecorrespondencewithstateparty

leaderstheHamiltoniansencouragedtheideathatAdams'popularitywasslipping,that

hecouldnotwintheelection,andthattheFederalistscoulddefeatJeffersononlyby

supportingPinckney.HadsectionalprideandloyaltynotrunashighinNewEnglandas

inthedeepSouth,PinckneymightwellhavebecomeWashington'ssuccessor.New

Englanders,however,realizedthatequalvotesforAdamsandPinckneyintheirstates

woulddefeatAdams;therefore,eighteenelectorsscratchedPinckney'snamefromtheir

ballotsanddeliberatelythrewawaytheirsecondvotestomenwhowerenoteven

running.ItwasfortunatefbrAdamsthattheydid,fortheelectorsfromSouthCarolina

completelyabandonedhim,givingeightvotestoPinckneyandeighttoJefferson.Inthe

end,Hamilton'sinterferenceinPinckney'scandidacylosteventheVicc-Prcsidcncyof

SouthCarolina.WithoutNewEngland'ssupport,Pinckneyreceivedonly59electoral

votes,finishingthirdtoAdamsandJefferson.HemighthavebeenPresidentin1797,or

asVicePresidentaseriouscontenderforthePresidencyin1800;instead,stigmatizedby

aplothehadnotdevised,heservedabrieftermintheUnitedStatesSenateandthen

droppedfromsightasanationalinfluence.

36、Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.

标准答案：C

知识之解析：本文的主要目的是描述导致约翰・亚当斯在1796年总统竞选中取得胜

利的一些政治事件。本文讲述了一系列导致约翰・亚当斯成为总统的政治事件。

37、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwastrueofthePresidential

electionof1796?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：托马斯・杰斐逊获得的选票超过了托马斯・平克尼获得的选票。本文最

后一段明确指出，平克尼在选举中名列第三，在杰斐逊之后。

38、Theoveralldevelopmentofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：从总体上看，全文是这样展开的，可以说，是解释一系列事件。本文

解释了一系列导致约翰・亚当斯于1796年被选为总统的政治事件。

39、ItcanbeinferredthathadSouthCarolinanoteastanyelectoralvotesfbrJefferson,

theoutcomeofthe1796electionwouldhavebeena.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：可以推断，如果南卡罗来纳州没有为杰斐逊投票，1796年的选举结

果就会为约翰・亚当斯取得胜利带来更大的余地。南卡罗来纳州投了16票，为平克

尼投了8票，为杰斐逊投了8票.因此，每位选举人为平克尼和杰斐逊均投了1

票。如果他们没有为杰斐逊投票，他们可能为谁投票呢?他们不可能再为平克尼投

票，因为他们已为他投过票。他们有可能为亚当斯或另外一位不知名的候选人投

票。杰斐逊失去选票，亚当斯就不会失去一些选票。因此，最后结果为亚当斯取得

胜利留下了更大的余地。

40、TheelectorswhoscratchedPinckney'snamefromtheirballotsbehavedmostlike

whichofthefollowingpeople?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：把子克尼的名字从候选人名单上划掉的选举人像下面这样一种人：

位将军命令正在撤退的军队毁掉他们必须丢下的给养，不让敌人利用它们。新英格

兰的选举人把自己的第二张选票浪费掉，既不让平克尼获益又不让杰斐获益，不把

好处留给对手。

Whatdoconsumersreallywant?That'saquestionmarketresearcherswouldloveto

answer.Butsincepeopledon'talwayssaywhattheythink,marketerswouldneeddirect

accesstoconsumers'thoughtstogetthetruth.Now,inaway,thatispossible.Atthe

"MindoftheMarket"laboratoryatHarvardBusinessSchool,researchersarelooking

insideshoppers1skullstodevelopmoreeffectiveadvertisementsandmarketingpitches.

Usingimagingtechniquesthatmeasurebloodflowtovariouspartsofthebrain,the

Harvardteamhopestopredicthowconsumerswillreacttoparticularproductsandto

discoverthemosteffectivewaystopresentinformation.StephenKosslyn,aprofessorof

psychologyatHarvard,andbusinessschoolprofessorGeraldZaltman,overseethelab.

"Thegoalisnottomanipulatepeople'spreferences,"saysKosslyn,njusttospeaktotheir

actualdesires."Thegroup'sfindings,thoughstillpreliminary,couldradicallychange

howfirmsdevelopandmarketnewproducts.TheHarvardgroupusepositionemission

topography(PET)scanstomonitorthebrainactivity.ThesePETscans,alongwithother

non-invasiveimagingtechniques;enableresearcherstoseewhichpartsofthebrainare

activeduringspecifictasks(suchasrememberingaword).Correlationshavebeenfound

betweenbloodflowtospecificareasandfuturebehavior.Becauseofthis,Harvard

researchersbelievethescanscanalsopredictfuturepurchasingpatterns.Accordingtoan

unpublishedpaperthegroupproduced,"Itispossibletousethesetechniquestopredict

notonlywhetherpeoplewillrememberandhavespecificemotionalreactionstocertain

materials,butalsowhethertheywillbeinclinedtowantthosematerialsmonthslater."

TheHarvardgroupisnowmovingintothenextstageofexperiments.Theywillexplore

howpeoplerememberadvertisementsaspartofanefforttopredicthowtheywillreactto

aproductafterhavingseenanad.Theresearchersbelievethatoncekeyareasofthebrain

areidentified,scansonabouttwodozenvolunteerswillbeenoughtodrawconclusions

aboutthereactionsofspecificsegmentsofthepopulation.Largecorporations一

includingCocaCola,EastmanKodak,GeneralMotors,andHallmark-havealready

signeduptofundfurtherinvestigations.Fortheirfinancialsupport,thesefirmsgain

accesstotheexperiments,butcannotcontrolthem.IfKosslynandZaltrnanandtheir

teamreallycanreadthemindofthemarket,thenconsumersmayfinditevenharderto

getthoseadvertisingjinglesoutoftheirheads.

41、Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbethebesttitleforthispassage?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题可参照文章第二段的“the，MindoftheMarket'laboratory”和最后一

段的“IfKosslynandZaltmanandtheirteamreallycanreadthemindofthemarket"，可

见本文是围绕readingthemindofthemarket来写的。

42、WhydotheHarvardresearchersusescientifictechnologyintheexperiments?

标准答案：C

知识点解析:A和B两项很容易拆除;根据原文的“Thegoalisnottomanipulate

people'spreferences,“saysKosslyn,4just,tospeaktotheiractualdesires.“可知，D

项木对。

43、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题可参照原文的"StephenKosslyn,aprofessorofpsychologyat

Haryard,andbusinessschoolprofessolGeraldZaltman,overseethelab.^oversee是

“监视、检查”的意思，而B项overlook意为“忽视、忽略”，含义相反。

44、Whatdoes"tospeakto"inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphmean?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：此处的iospeakio意为“对（人们）的实际需求做出反应”。

45、Thelastsentenceofthispassageimpliesthat

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本文最后一句话的大意是：如果此项研究成功的话，那么消费者将更

难抵御广告的影响。

Onceuponatimetherelivedabeautifulyoungwomanandahandsomeyoungman.They

wereverypoor,butastheyweredeeplyinlove,theywantedtogetmarried.Theyoung

people'sparentsshooktheirheads."Youcan'tgetmarriedyet,"theysaid."Waittillyou

getagoodjobwithgoodprospects."Sotheyoungpeoplewaiteduntiltheyfoundgood

jobswithgoodprospectsandtheywereabletogetmarried.Theywerestillpoor,of

course,butlargeorganizationslenthimthemoneyheneededtobuyahouse,some

furniture,allthelatestelectricalappliancesandacar.Thecouplelivedhappilyeverafter,

payingoffdebtsfortherestoftheirlives.Andsoendsanothermodernromanticfable.

Weliveinamaterialisticsocietyandwhenwegrowoldenoughtoearnaliving,itdoes

notsurpriseustodiscoverthatsuccessismeasuredintermsofthemoneyyouearn.We

spendthewholeofourliveskeepingupwiththeJoneses.Ifwebuyanewcar,wecanbe

surethatJoneswillgoonbetterandgettwonewcars:oneforhiswifeandonefor

himself.ThemostamusingthingaboutthisgameisthattheJonesesandalltheneighbors

whoarcstrugglingfranticallytokeepupwiththemarcspendingborrowedmoneykindly

provided,atasuitablerateofinterest,ofcourse,byfriendlybanks,insurancecompanies,

etc.Itisnotonlyinaffluentsocietiesthatpeopleareobsessedwiththeideaofmaking

moremoney.Consumergoodsaredesirableeverywhereandmodernindustry

deliberatelysetsouttocreatenewmarkets.Gonearethedayswhenindustrialgoodswere

madetolastforever.Thewheelofindustrymustbekeptturning."Built-inobsolescence"

providesthemeans:goodsaremadetobediscarded.Carsgettinnierandtinnier.Youno

sooneracquirethisyear'smodelthanyouarcthinkingaboutitsreplacement.

46、Fromthefirstparagraph,wecaninferthat.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

47、Theexpression"keepupwiththeJoneses"mightmean.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

48、Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthecommonpracticeinamaterialisticsociety?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

49Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheau:hor?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

50、Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

Governmentsthatwanttheirpeopletoprosperintheburgeoningworldeconomyshould

guaranteetwobasicfights:therighttoprivatepropertyandthefighttoenforceable

contracts,saysMancurOlsoninhisbookPowerandProsperity.Olsonwasaneconomics

professorattheUniversityofMarylanduntilhisdeathin1998.Somehavearguedthat

suchrightsaremerelyluxuriesthatwealthysocietiesbestow,butOlsonturnsthat

argumentaroundandassertsthatsuchrightsarcessentialtocreatingwealth."Incomes

arelowinmostofthecountriesoftheworld,inshort,becausethepeopleinthose

countriesdonothavesecureindividualfights/'hesays.Certainsimpleeconomic

activities,suchasfoodgatheringandmakinghandicrafts,relymostlyonindividuallabor;

propertyisnotnecessary.Butmoreadvancedactivities,suchasthemassproductionof

goods,requiremachinesandfactoriesandoffices.Thisproductionisoftencalledcapital-

intensive,butitisreallyproperty-intensive,Olsonobserves."Noonewouldnormally

engageincapital-intensiveproductionifheorshedidnothaverightsthatkeptthe

valuablecapitalfrombeingtakenbybandits,whetherrovingorstationary,"heargues.

"Thereisnoprivatepropertywithoutgovernment—individualsmayhavepossessions,

thewayadogpossessesabone,butthereisprivatepropertyonlyifthesocietyprotects

anddefendsaprivaterighttothatpossessionagainstotherprivatepartiesandagainstthe

governmentaswell.'*Would-beentrepreneurs,nomatterhowsmall,alsoneeda

governmentandcourtsystemthatwillmakesurepeoplehonortheircontracts.Infact,the

bankingsystemsreliedonbydevelopednationsarebasedonjustsuchanenforceable

contractsystem."Wcwouldnotdepositourmoneyinbanks..,ifwccouldnotrelyonthe

bankhavingtohonoritscontractwithus,andthebankwouldnotbeabletomakethe

profitsitneedstostayinbusinessifitcouldnotenforceitsloancontractswith

borrowers/'Olsonwrites.Othereconomistshavearguedthatthepooreconomiesof

ThirdWorldandcommunistcountriesaretheresultofgovernmentssettingbothprices

andthequantitiesofgoodsproducedratherthanlettingafreemarketdeterminethem.

Olsonagreesthereissomemerittothispointofview,buthearguesthatgovernment

interventionisnotenoughtoexplainthepovertyofthesecountries.Rather,thereal

problemislackofindividualrightsthatgivepeopleincentivetogeneratewealth."Ifa

societyhasclearandsecureindividualrights,therearestrongincentives（刺激，动力）to

produce,invest,,andengageinmutuallyadvantageoustrade,andthereforeatleastsome

economicadvance,"Olsonconcludes.

51、WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutOlson?

标准答案:C

知识点解析：第一段最方一句OlsonwasaneconomicsprofessorattheUniversityof

Marylanduntilhisdeathin1998.Olson一直在马里兰大学任经济学教授直至1998

年去世，所以选C。

52、WhichofthefollowingrepresentsOlson'spointorview?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：第二段第一句的后半句Olsonturnsthatargumentaroundandasserts

thatsuchrightsarcessentialtocreatingwealth.Olson把那个论点翻了个个儿，声称

这种权利（财产权）对于创造财富至关重要，所以选A。

53、WhatdoesOlsonthinkaboutmassproduction?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第三段最后一句Thisproductionisoftencalledcapital-intensive,butit

isreallypropertyintensive,Olsonobserves.这种生产（批量生产）往往被称为资本密

集型生产，但Olson认为其实这是财产密集型生产，所以选B。

54、Whatisthebasisforthebankingsystem?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据第五段第二句可知银行体系的基础就是银行与其客户之间的协议

可以得到执行，选A。

55、AccordingtoOlson,whatisthereasonforthepooreconomiesofThirdWorld

countries?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据最后一段可知Olson认为第三世界国家贫困的真正原因在于人们

没有个人权利，也就没有动力去创造财富。

GordonShawthephysicist,66,andcolleagueshavediscoveredwhat'sknownasthe

"Mozarteffect,"theabilityofaMozartsonata,undertherightcircumstances,toimprove

thelistener'smathematicalandreasoningabilities.Butthefindingsarccontroversialand

havelaunchedallkindsofcranknotionsaboutusingmusictomakekidssmarter.The

hype,hewarns,hasgottenoutofhand.Butfirst,theessence:Istheresomethingabout

thebraincellsworktoexplaintheeffect?In1978theneuroscientistVernonMounicastle

devisedamodeloftheneuralstructureofthebrain'sgraymatter.Lookinglikeathick

bandofcolorfulbeadwork,itrepresentsthefiringpatternsofgroupsofneurons.

BuildingonMounteastle,Shawandhisteamconstructedamodeloftheirown.Onalark,

XiaodanLeng,whowasShaw'scolleagueatthetime,usedasynthesizertotranslate

thesepatternsintomusic.Whatcameoutofthespeakerswasn'texactlytoc-tapping,but

itwasmusic.ShawandLenginferredthatmusicandbrain-waveactivityarebuiltonthe

samesortofpatterns."Gordonisacontrarianinhisthinking,"sayshislongtimefriend,

NobelPrize-winningStanfordphysicistMartinPeri."That'simportant.Innewareasof

science,suchasbrainresearch,nobodyknowshowtodoit."Whatdoneuroscientistsand

psychologiststhinkofShaw'sfindings?'Theyhaven'tcondemnedit,butneitherhave

theyconfirmedit.Maybeyouhavetotakethemwithagrainofsalt,buttheexperiments

byShawandhiscolleaguesarcintriguing.InMarchateamledbyShawannouncedthat

youngchildrenwhohadlistenedtotheMozartsonataandstudiedthepianooveraperiod

ofmonthsimprovedtheirscoresby27%onalestofratiosandproportions.Theconlrol

groupagainstwhichtheyweremeasuredreceivedcompatibleenrichmentcourses-minus

themu