语法专题分类学生版

语法精讲专题01名词名词精讲+解题指导+近五年高考真题精练名词精讲名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词。名词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语和同位语等成分。高考中主要考查名词的数、名词所有格和词形转换。高考近五年考情考点一名词的数考点二名词所有格考点三词形转换动词变名词形容词变名词考点一名词的数1.可数名词(1)可数名词单数变为复数的规则变化情况方法例词一般情况加sstudent→students，teacher→teachers，doctor→doctors，table→tables以s，x，ch，sh结尾加esglass→glasses，dish→dishes，box→boxes，watch→watches；但stomach复数形式直接加s以“辅音字母＋y”结尾变y为i再加esfamily→families，baby→babies，army→armies，body→bodies以f或fe结尾大都变f或fe为v，再加es；少数直接加sthief→thieves，wife→wives，knife→knives，shelf→shelves，life→lives，belief→beliefs，proof→proofs，roof→roofs，chief→chiefs以o结尾通常加s有的加esradio→radios，video→videos，zoo→zoos，tobacco→tobaccos，hero→heroes，potato→potatoes，tomato→tomatoes(2)可数名词单数变为复数的不规则变化变化规则例词自身有特殊变化的名词child→children，man→men，tooth→teeth，foot→feet，mouse→mice，phenomenon→phenomena，medium→media单复数同形Chinese，sheep，deer，series，means，works，species2.不可数名词抽象名词具体化具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用。这就是抽象名词的具体化。抽象名词具体化success成功asuccess一个(件)成功的人或事failure失败afailure一个(件)失败的人或事surprise惊讶asurprise一件令人惊讶的事情pleasure乐意apleasure一件乐事honour荣誉anhonour一件引以为荣的事考点二名词所有格情况构成示例表示有生命的名词的所有格时在词尾加“’s”theboy’sbag，men’srooms若名词已有复数词尾s只在词尾加“’”theworkers’struggle如果两个名词并列，且分别加“’s”，则表示“分别有……”；若只有后一个名词加“’s”，则表示两个“共有”。John’sandMary’srooms(两间)；JohnandMary’sroom(一间)在表示店铺、教堂、诊所的名称或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常省略它所修饰的名词。atthedoctor’s在诊所；atmysister’s在我姐姐(妹妹)的家表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价值、国家、城市等无生命名词的所有格在词尾加“’s”来表示所属关系，意为“……的”atwentyminutes’walk,atenmiles’journey,twopounds’weight,tendollars’worth无生命的名词的所有格用of结构amapofChina,theendofthisterm,thecapitalofourcountry,thecolouroftheflowers双重所有格of＋名词“’s”结构afriendofmyfather’s,worksofLuXun’s考点三词性转换常见名词后缀动词变名词alsurvive→survivalarrive→arrivalapprove→approvalance/enceappear→appearanceannoy→annoyanceexist→existencetion/ation/sionpete→petitionexplain→explanationdiscuss→discussionmentachieve→achievementargue→argumentjudge→jude(e)mentture/urepress→pressuremix→mixturedepart→departurefail→failureydiscover→discoveryrecover→recoverydeliver→delivery其他choose→choicevary→variety形容词变名词ageshort→shortagecyefficient→efficiencyfluent→fluencydomfree→freedomwise→wisdomcedifferent→differencesilent→silencenessweak→weaknesscareless→carelessnessthyoung→youthwarm→warmthtrue→truthty/itysafe→safetycruel→crueltydisable→disability【解题指导】语法填空中填名词的解题思路【典例1】There’snodenyingthatdifferentjudgeshavedifferent(approach)tothesecases.答案approaches解析：分析句子结构知，空处作have的宾语，故考虑用名词；再由空前的different可知，应填复数形式，故用approaches。【典例2】Whilethereareamazingstoriesofinstanttransformation，formostofus，the(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork，likecleaningupapollutedriver.答案changes解析：由空前的限定词the可知，空处应填名词；再由空后的谓语动词are可知，应填复数形式，故用changes。单句语法填空（近五年高考真题）1.（2024新课标I卷）TheseplantsincludedmodernWestern62(favourite)suchasrosemary,lavenderandfennel.2.（2024新课标II卷）Althoughtheycouldneverhavemet,therearemon___57___(theme)intheirworks,saidPaulEdmondson,headofresearchfortheShakespeareBirthplaceTrust.3.（2024全国甲卷）Althoughparksofallsizesandtypesexistatanylevel,thenationalparks,inparticular,tendtocatch(catch)ourattentionbecauseoftheirlargesizeandvariety.Theyare62(treasure)ofAmericanheritage(遗产).4.(2024新课标II卷）Thelatest56(engineer)techniquesareappliedtocreatethisprotectivefunctional(function)structurethatisalsobeautiful.5.（2024全国甲卷）Theyallagreedandvowed(承诺)topromotetheideaatthe68(plete)oftheirjourney.6.（2024浙江1月卷）Manysupermarketsarenolongerdoing“buyonegetonefree”promotionsbecauseofthe__________(criticize)thattheyleadtowaste.7.（2024新课标I卷）TheGlasshousestandsasagreatachievementincontemporarydesign,tohousetheplantsofthesouthwesternpartofChinaattheendofapathretracing(追溯)thestepsalongtheSilkRoutethatbroughttheplantsfromtheirnativehabitatinAsiatoetodefinemuchofthe65(rich)ofgardeninginEngland.8.（2024新课标II卷）ThoseculturalelementshaveincreasedStratford’sinternational___62___(visible),saidEdmondson,addingthatvisitorswalkingthroughtheBirthplaceGardenwereoftenamazedtofindtheconnectionbetweenthetwogreatwriters.9.(2023新课标II卷）SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe__________(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,IhavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorefortableandconfidentspeakingEnglish.10.（2023全国甲卷）Thethemesoftraditionalfablesoftendealwithsimpletruthsabouteverydaylife.However,Cason’sthemeisamoreweighty__________(warn)aboutenvironmentaldestruction.11.（2023新课标II卷）Theyalsoneedtobereadytogive(interview)inEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.12.（2023全国乙卷）Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplacethatwelesthefastpaceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21stcenturyarchitectural(wonder)standingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.13.（2023浙江1月卷）ThankstoBeijing’slonghistoryascapitalofChina,almosteveryhutonghasitsstories,andsomeareevenassociatedwithhistoric(event).14.（2022新课标II卷）Hesavedmy_________(son)life,"saidMrs.Brown.15.（2022全国甲卷）CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental___________(protect).16.（2022浙江1月卷）Whentheanswer,wasno,she,declinedthe___________(invite).17.（2022全国乙卷）“AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthelargestteaproducingcountry,Chinahasa__________(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.18.（2022新课标I卷）TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate___________(population)andhomesofgiantpandas,19.（2021新课标II卷）Apany________(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingoverfromplastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.20.（2021全国乙卷）Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobeeeducateabouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe_____________(develop)ofthelocalareas.21.（2021浙江卷）In1844theyboughtitfor$1,200andsomelandfromCharlesDresser,whoperformedtheir___________(marry)ceremonyin1842.22.（2021新课标I卷）Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe_________(human)are.23.（2021全国甲卷）Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand__________(watchtower)tofakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeople24.（2021全国乙卷）___________(activity)thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(远足)25.（2021北京卷）Whydowedream？Scientistsaren'tpletelysure,andtheyhavediverse_____________(idea).26.（2021浙江卷1月）Itiscalculatedbydividinga__________(person)weightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared,andaBMIofbetween19and25isconsideredhealthy.27.（2020新课标II卷）ChineseNewYearisa___________(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.28.（2020新课标I卷）Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular__________(interesting)toscientists29.（2020新课标III卷）Filledwith__________(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.30.（2020新课标卷）Historical__________(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.31.（2020年北京卷）Now,lotsof______________(country)andregionsaretakingactiontobanthesaleofsuchbagstostoppeopleusingthem.32.（2020浙江卷）Later，theylearnedtoworkwiththe__________(season)，plantingattherighttimeand，indryareas，makinguseofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.33.（2020浙江卷1月）ForJapan,the__________(number)aremorestriking22in1950,46todayand53in2050.语法精讲专题02形容词和副词形容词和副词+解题指导+近五年高考真题精练形容词和副词精讲高考近五年考情考点一形容词、副词的词义辨析；形容词及副词的句法功能考点二形容词和副词的词形转换考点三形容词和名词、动词的词形转换考点四形容词和副词的比较等级考点一形容词和副词的用法1.形容词用法：修饰名词作定语；跟在系动词后作表语；跟在宾语后作宾补；还可用作状语。Thewomanmanagedtoescapefromthefirewithherbaby，extremelyterrifiedandexhausted.这名妇女带着她的孩子逃出了火场，极度惊恐，精疲力竭。Heleft,leavingmealoneintheroom.他离开了，把我一个人留在房间里。2.副词用法：修饰动词；修饰形容词或副词；单独作状语。Thankfully,Imanagedtogetthroughthegameandthepainwasworthitintheend.谢天谢地，我终于打完比赛了，所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。[点拨]有些副词如fortunately,luckily,surprisingly,honestly,actually,personally等作评注性状语时，往往修饰整个句子，对整个句子进行说明或解释，表示说话人的态度与看法，通常位于句首，常用逗号与句子分开。考点二形容词变副词的规则类别例词直接加lyclear→clearly清楚地great→greatly很，大大地rare→rarely罕有，很少rough→roughly粗略地，大约以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的形容词，变y为i再加lyhappy→happily高兴地heavy→heavily沉重地词尾为le的形容词，去掉e，再加y(whole例外)terrible→terribly极度地gentle→gently轻柔地whole→wholly整个地词尾为ue的形容词，去掉e，再加lytrue→truly真实地词尾为ll的形容词，直接加yfull→fully充分地；完全地dull→dully迟钝地词尾为ic的形容词，加ally(public例外)basic→basically基本上scientific→scientifically合乎科学地考点三形容词和名词、动词的词形转换动词、名词变形容词的后缀常见的动词、名词变形容词的后缀有－able，－al，－ful，－ed，－ing，－ible，－ive，－ous，－some，－y，－ern，－ish等。动词、名词变形容词归纳汇总后缀例词1.名词+yhonest——honesty诚实的guilt罪恶——guilty内疚的health——healthy健康的luck——lucky幸运的cloud——cloudy多云的wind—windy多风的rain——rainy多雨的snow——snowy多雪的tourist——touristy游客多的er结尾，改er为ryhunger——hungry饥饿的anger——angry生气的fog——foggy有雾的sun——sunny阳关灿烂的fur——furry毛皮的shine——shiny发亮的taste——tasty美味的2.名词/动词+ed以辅音+辅音结尾的单词，直接加edtalent——talented有天赋的offend——offended生气的crowd——crowded拥挤的以元音字母e结尾的单词直接加dbalance——balanced平衡的organize——organized有组织的pollute——polluted被污染的please——pleased高兴的close——closed紧闭的元音加辅音结尾的单词，词尾辅音双写再加edspot——spotted有斑点的3．名词+ful/lesscare——careful/careless小心的/粗心的help——helpful/helpless有帮助的/无助的use——useful/useless有用的/无用的meaning——meaningful/meaningless有意义的/无意义的colour——colourful/colourless多彩的/无色的pain疼痛——painful/painless痛苦的/不痛的thank——thankful/thankless充满感激的/不知感恩的peace和平——peaceful和平的play游戏——playful爱玩耍的home——homeless无家可归的4．名词/动词+ablechange——changeable易变的adjust——adjustable可调整的fort——fortable舒适的knowledge——knowledgeable知识渊博的suit——suitable合适的remark——remarkable引人注目的，非凡的动词以辅音加y结尾把y变i加able，deny——deniable可否认的rely——reliable可靠的5.名词+ouscourage——courageous勇敢的danger——dangerous危险的space——spacious宽敞的以y结尾，改y为i再加ousmystery神秘——mysterious神秘的6.ce变tconfidence——confident自信的difference——different不同的dependence——dependent依赖他人的independence——independent独立的7.词尾加aladdition——additional附加的，额外的music——musical音乐的person——personal(私人的)nation——national国家的education——educational有教育意义的tradition——traditional传统的origin起源——original新颖的；独创的function功能——functional实用的，功能的以元音字母结尾的单词，去掉词尾元音加alnature——natural自然的globe——global全球的特例：class——classical经典的medicine药——medical医学的grammar——grammatical语法的8．名词+lyfriend——friendly友好的live——lively活跃的，有生气的love——lovely可爱的week——weekly每周的man——manly男子气概的；强壮的9.词尾+enwood——wooden木制的wool——woolen羊毛的10.表示方位的词East——easternWest——westernSouth——southernNorth——northern11.四大洲Asia亚洲——AsianAfrica非洲——AfricanEurope欧洲——EuropeanAmerica美洲——American12.其他energy精力——energetic精力充沛的strategy——strategic战略的scientist——scientific科学的fool傻子——foolish愚蠢的love——loving慈爱的pleasure——pleasant令人愉快的/pleased高兴的pride——proud自豪的考点四形容词和副词的比较等级1.比较级和最高级的构成(1)规则变化a.单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词，在原级后加er，est构成，如clever—cleverer—cleverest。其他特殊变化见下表：特殊情况构成方法例词以不发音的字母e结尾加r和stbrave—braver—bravest以“辅音字母＋y”结尾变y为i，再加er和esthappy—happier—happiest以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母双写词尾，再加er和esthot—hotter—hottestb.多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词，在原级前加more和most构成。active—moreactive—mostactivehappily—morehappily—mosthappily[点拨](1)有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加er和est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是：mon,handsome,quiet,pleasant,cruel,stupid,secure和以ow，er结尾的词。(2)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right，wrong，excellent，plete，empty，first，wooden，final，east，last等。(2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good，wellbetterbestbad，badly，illworseworstmany，muchmoremostlittlelessleastfar·farther[指时间或空间上“更远(的)”]·further[指空间距离“更远(的)”；在更大程度上]·farthest[指时间或空间上“最久(的)；最远(的)”]·furthest[指空间距离“最远(的)”；在最大程度上]oldolder/elderoldest/eldest2.比较等级的常用句型(1)同级比较：“as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”，其否定形式是“notas/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”。(2)比较级：“形容词/副词的比较级＋than”；“more/less＋多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词＋than”。常见的修饰比较级的词有any,much,even,far,byfar,alot,agreatdeal等。ThebookisfarmoreinterestingthanthebooksIhaveeverread.这本书比我读过的书有趣得多。(3)最高级：“the＋形容词的最高级(＋名词)＋比较范围(in/of/among短语)”；“oneofthe＋形容词的最高级＋名词复数”。常用来修饰最高级的词有byfar,almost以及序数词等。Raymond’sparentswantedhimtohavethebestpossibleeducation.雷蒙德的父母想让他接受最好的教育。(4)“比较级＋and＋比较级”或“moreandmore/lessandless＋原级”表示“越来越……”。Itisrecognisedthattheenvironmentalpollutionhasbeemoreandmoreserious.人们公认环境污染已变得越来越严重了。(5)“the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语，the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语”，表示“越……就越……”。Themoreyouknowaboutourtraditionalculture,themoreyouareinterestedinit.你对我们的传统文化了解得越多，你就对它越感兴趣。(6)“the＋比较级＋of(the)＋名词/代词”，表示“(两者中)较……的”。Ofthetwocameras,Iwouldpreferthesmallerone,whichisveryeasyformetocarry.这两个照相机中，我喜欢较小的那个，它很容易携带。3.比较级表达最高级含义(1)“否定词＋比较级”或“否定词＋such/so...as”结构表示最高级含义。Nothingcouldbebetterifsomeoneofferedtohelpthem.如果有人主动提出帮助他们，那就再好不过了。(2)比较级在以下几种结构中均表示最高级含义：比较级＋than＋anyother＋单数名词比较级＋than＋alltheother＋复数名词比较级＋than＋anyoftheother＋复数名词TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyotherriver/thanalltheotherrivers/thananyoftheotherriversinChina.长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。/长江是中国最长的河。4.倍数表达法常见的倍数表达法句型主要有：(1)A＋is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B(2)A＋is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B(3)A＋is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of＋B(4)the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of＋A＋is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B(5)A＋is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句Smokingisharmfultopeople’shealth,killingseventimesmorepeopleeachyearthantrafficaccidents.吸烟有害健康，每年因吸烟而丧命的人比死于交通事故的人多7倍。【解题指导】1.根据句子成分判断是形容词还是副词(1)若句子缺定语、表语或补语，要首先想到用形容词。(2)当设空处作状语时，要首先考虑填副词。【典例1】Theriverwassopollutedthatit(actual)caughtfireandburned.答案actually解析：此处修饰动词caught，在句中作状语，应用副词形式。【典例2】Readinghistoryisan(amaze)experiencebecauseitenablesustoreflectonthesocialandeconomiclifeofthepeoplelivinglongtimeago.答案amazing解析：此处修饰名词experience，在句中作定语，应用形容词形式。2.看到与than连用，要想到用比较级【典例1】Finally，thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris(clean)thanever.答案cleaner解析：根据后面的than可知，此处要用比较级，因此要用cleaner。【典例2】Afterafewmonths，weallfeltthatwehadbeenabletobuildmuch(strong)relationshipswiththefamilythanwehadbefore.答案stronger解析：根据句中的比较级标志词than可知，本句应用比较级，表示几个月后的情况与之前的情况进行比较，much用于修饰比较级。3.看到and，but，or等连词前或后用的比较等级形式，要想到用比较等级【典例】Theywerealsothebestand(bad)yearsinmylife.答案worst解析：由并列连词and前面的“thebest”可知，此处应用形容词的最高级形式。4.看到语境中暗含的比较含义，要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)【典例】Afterourplanelanded，wewenttothehotel.Wehadmadeourreservationsixmonths________(early)，butthemanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.答案earlier解析：由hadmade可知该动作发生在到达旅馆之前，故应该是早在六个月之前我们就已经预订了，故用比较级earlier。5.看到下列固定搭配，要想到用比较等级(1)the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...【典例】The(hard)youtrytobeathim，themorelikelyyouwillgethit.答案harder解析：分析句子结构可知，此句为“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”句式，表示“越……，就越……”。故填harder。(2)the＋最高级＋标志性词语或从句【典例】Mymummakesthe(good)biscuitsintheworld，soIdecidedtoaskherforhelp.答案best解析：此处前面有the，后面有表示范围的“intheworld”，所以应该用形容词的最高级。单句语法填空（近五年高考真题）1.（2024新课标考I卷）Thelatestengineeringtechniquesareappliedtocreatethisprotective________(function)structurethatisalsobeautiful.2.（2024新课标I卷）Incoldweather,thestructurestays(close)toprotecttheplants.3.（2024全国甲卷）Yellowstonewasthe_________(large)UnitedStatesnationalpark2.2millionacresuntilWrangellSaintEliasinsouthernAlaska,whichbecameanationalmonumentin1978,tookthehonorsasanationalparkin1980with12.3millionacres.4.（2023新课标I卷）Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappers,encasinghot,________(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.5.（2023新课标II卷）SinceJune2017,rightbeforethearrivalofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,Ihavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorefortableand________(confidence)speakingEnglish.6.（2023浙江卷1月卷）Thehutongstheyformedwereorderly,linedby__________(space)homesandwalledgardens.7.（2023全国甲卷）___(difference)fromtraditionalfables,Carson’sstoryendswithanaccusationinsteadofamoral.8.（2023全国乙卷）The________(remark)developmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,meansthereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere,andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.9.（2023新课标I卷）NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteameris_______(rare)enough,yettwoseemsgreedy,soIamalwaysleft

wantingmorenexttime.10.（2023年新课标II卷）So,whataretheylearning?________(basic),howtodescribeapanda’slife.11.（2023浙江1月卷）Theterm“hutong”,(original)meaning“waterwell”inMongolian,appearedfirstduringtheYuanDynasty.12.（2023浙江1月卷）Theirsiheyuanwerefarsmallerinscaleand(simple)indesignanddecoration,andthehutongswerenarrower.13.（2023年北京卷语法填空）I’mBritish.SoonaftermovingtoSwitzerland,Iwouldthrownahousewarmingpartyandwasgreatlysurprisedwhenall30guestsshowedup(exact)ontime.14.（2022全国甲卷）Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore_________(meaning).15.（2022年全国甲卷）...andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’s_________(high)mountain.16.（2022全国乙卷）“AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthe_________(large)teaproducingcountry,Chinahasaresponsibilitytoworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.17.（2022全国乙卷）"Itcanhelptobuildamunitywitha________（share）futureformankind,"hesaid.18.(2022北京卷)That’sabigproblemanditisgettingeven________(bad).19.（2022浙江6月卷）Blindpeoplerecognizeshapeswiththeir________(exist)senses,inawaysimilartothatof________(sight)people,saysEllaStriemAmit,aHarvardscientist.20.（2022新课标I卷）Strange,isn’tit?Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingus____________(astonish).21.（2022新课标I卷）TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparatepopulationsandhomesofgiantpandas,and_________(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.22.(2022浙江1月卷)OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,__________(rough)200academicsmanyofthemclimatescientistshavepromisedtoflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.23.（2021新课标II卷）Iwasso____________(excite)whenhewrotebacktome.Hesaidhewouldmakesurethatthepanycutitsuseofplasticstrawsinhalf.24.（2021新课标II卷）Itoldhimhow____________(harm)plasticcouldbetotheenvironmentandaskedhimtoconsiderusingmoreecofriendlyoptions.25.（2021全国甲卷）Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesandwatchtowerstotakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheir____________(day)routines.26.（2021全国乙卷）Provide____________(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.27.（2021新课标I卷）Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets,the____________(hot)thespring!Strange,isn’tit?28.（2021全国甲卷）Afterspendingsometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhat____________(good)thantorideonapieceofhistory!29.（2021浙江1月卷）Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeoplelivinginthecountryside,including____________(low)levelsofineandeducation,highercostsofhealthyfoods,andfewersportsfacilities.30.（2020新课标卷）Inthe18thand19thcenturies,____________(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.31.（2020全国I卷）Dataaboutthemoon’sposition,suchashow____________iceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhetheritsplansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.32.（2020全国II卷）BranchesofPlumBlossoms(梅花):The____________(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpinkcoloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.33.（2020北京卷）Oliversaysifyou're____________(luck)enoughtohavesomeoneclosetoyouwhoenjoyscooking,askthemifyoucanjoininwhenit'spossible.34.（2020北京卷）Theyweremuchstrongerthanmodernhumans,butit'slongbeenassumedthathumanancestorswere____________（smart）thantheNeanderthals.35.（2020全国III卷）Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(画像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststoeandpresenttheir____________(fine)work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.语法精讲专题03谓语动词动词时态语态复习备考干货通关一、动词时态语态高考考向归纳动向一、依据时间状语或句型判断时态动向二、被动语态基本用法动向三、主动形式表示被动意义用法二、动词时态语态考点思维导图三、八种常考动词时态考点梳理(一)一般现在时1.表示习惯性、经常性的动作。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always，everytime,nowandthen,occasionally,often,seldom,sometimes,usually等连用。Wealwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother.我们总是照顾和帮助彼此。2.表示客观真理、客观存在及自然现象。Timeandtidewaitfornoman.岁月不等人。3.在when,till/until,assoonas,bythetime,after,before等引导的时间状语从句以及if，unless等引导的条件状语从句中,通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。Wewon'tleaveuntilyoue.你来了我们再走。Ifyouethisafternoon,wellhaveameeting.如果你今天下午来，我们将开个会。4.表示按时间表、规定、计划、安排等将要发生的动作，但仅限于少数表示短暂意义的动词。如go，e,leave,arrive,begin,start,return,open,close等。Theplaneleavesatthreesharp.飞机3点整起飞。(二)一般过去时1.表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态。IforgottotellyouIhadbeentherewithmybrotherbefore.我忘了告诉你我以前和哥哥去过那儿。2.表示过去的习惯性动作。Ineverdrankcoffee.我过去从不喝咖啡。(三)一般将来时1.“will/shall+动词原形”表示在现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态。DoyouknowMr.Smithhasetoourtown?No.Iwillgoandvisithimrightnow.你知道史密斯先生来我们镇了吗?不知道。我现在就去看他。2.begoingto+动词原形(1)表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事。Mr.Smithisgoingtoquithispresentjob.史密斯先生打算辞掉他现在的工作。(2)表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象，认为某事即将发生。Lookatthedarkclouds.Itisgoingtorain.瞧那些乌云，天要下雨了。3.“beaboutto+动词原形”表示打算或根据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示具体时间的状语连用，但可以与when连用。TheEnglisheveningpartyisabouttostart.英语晚会即将开始。4.“beto+动词原形”表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务将要发生的动作。Youaretohandinyourpapersby10o'clock.在10点之前你得交上论文。(四)现在进行时1.表示说话时正在进行且尚未完成的动作及状态，也可描述现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情(此时此刻动作不一定正在进行)，常与thesedays,thisweek/month等时间状语连用。Ihearyouareworkinginapub.What'sitlike?Well,it'sveryhardworkandI'malwaystiredbutIdon'tmind.我听说你在酒吧工作。感觉怎么样?哦，工作很辛苦，我也总是很累，不过我不介意。2.现在进行时还可表示按计划或安排将要进行的动作，这类动词主要有go，e,leave,start,arrive,land,meet,move,return,stay,stop,do等。“Themomentisingsoon.”hethoughttohimself,waitingnervously.“这一刻很快就要来到了”他自思自忖，紧张地等待着。3.与always,constantly,forever等词连用时可表示说话者的一种感情色彩，如赞许、责备、不满等。Thegirlisalwaystalkingloudinpublic.这个女孩总是在公众场合大声说话。(五)现在完成时1.表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，也许还将持续下去的动作或状态。常用的状语有lately,recently,inthelast/pastfewdays/years,sincethen,uptonow,sofar等。Inthepastfewyearsmanynewrailwayshavebeenlaiddown.在过去的几年里修建了许多新铁路。Hehasturnedoffthelight.他已经把灯关掉了。2.用于时间、条件状语从句中,表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作发生。HewillbebackbeforeIhavefinishedmywork.在我完成工作之前他会回来的。3.在“It/Thisisthefirst/second/third/...time+that从句”中，that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。Thisisthefirsttimethatwehaveseenafilminthecinematogetherasafamily.这是我们一家人第一次去电影院看电影。4.在“It/Thisisthebest/worst/mostinteresting/.….+名词+从句”中,从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。ThisisthemostinterestingbookI’veeverread.这是我读过的最有趣的一本书。(六)过去进行时1.表示过去某一时刻正在进行或过去某一时间段内一直进行的动作。Jackwasworkinginthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.杰克正在实验室工作，这时停电了。2.表示运动和位置移动的动词可以用过去进行时表示过去将来时。这类动词有leave，start，arrive,go,e等。JoantoldusshewasleavingforWuhannextSaturday.琼告诉我们她下周六要去武汉。(七)过去完成时1.表示过去某一时间或某一动作前已完成的动作或存在的状态。句中常有by，bytheendof等。介词(短语)和bythetime,before,when,until等引导的状语从句。Whenwalkingdownthestreet,IcameacrossDavid,whomIhadn’tseenforyears.当沿着街道散步的时候，我遇见了多年未见的戴维。2.某些动词用于过去完成时表示过去未实现的愿望、打算和意图，意为“本来期望/认为/打算……”。这类动词主要有expect，hope，plan,suppose,think,intend,mean,want等。Ihadintendedtocallonyouyesterday,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.昨天我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。3.在“Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely...when..Nosooner...than…”句型结构中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时,意为“一……就……”。Hardlyhadthespeakerfinishedhisspeechwhentheaudiencekeptaskinghimquestions.演讲者一结束他的讲话，观众就不停地问他问题。NosoonerhadIgothomethantherainpoureddown.我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。4.在“It/Thiswasthefirst/second/...time+that从句”句型中，从句谓语动词用过去完成时。Itwasthesecondtimethathehadwontheelection.那是他第二次在大选中获胜。(八)过去将来时1.过去将来时是“立足过去,着眼未来”的一种时态,常用于宾语从句中。Hesaidhewouldbehereateighto'clock.他说他将在八点钟到这里。2.三种表示过去将来时的特殊结构•was/weregoingto+动词原形•was/wereto+动词原形•was/wereaboutto+动词原形Ithoughtitwasgoingtorain.我当时觉得要下雨。Hetoldmehewastogetmarriedthenextweek.他告诉我他下周结婚对点小练三、被动语态用法（一）被动语态的构成1.被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成。be随着主语的人称、数、时态变化。被动语态的各种时态形式见下表:时态一般式进行式完成式现在时am/is/are+过去分词am/is/are+being+过去分词have/hasbeen+过去分词过去时was/were+过去分词was/were+being+过去分词hadbeen+过去分词将来时shall/willbe+过去分词shall/will+havebeen+过去分词过去将来时wouldbe+过去分词WouldhavebeendoneAninterestingbookwasgiventomebymyfriendonmybirthday.我生日的时候，朋友送了我一本有趣的书。Yourpronunciationandspellingshouldbepaidattentionto.你应该关注自己的发音和拼写。（二）主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况1.“系动词feel,sound,taste,look,smell,appear,seem,turn,stay,bee,get,grow,keep等+形容词/名词”构成系表结构时，常用主动形式表示被动意义。Thiskindofwoolshirtfeelssoft.这种羊毛衫摸起来很软。2.当sell,read,cut,wash,write,open,wear(磨损)，run(运转)，burn等不及物动词后有状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语的属性、特征或功能时,常用主动形式表示被动含义。Haveyouboughtthebookthatsellswellthesedays?你买了最近销售得很好的那本书了吗?3.need,want,require,deserve,bear等动词的后面常用动词ing形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing/toberepaired.这栋房子需要修理。4.在“主语(人/物)+be+形容词+动词不定式”中,动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。Theproblemisdifficulttoworkout.这道题很难计算出结果。5.betorent/blame主动形式表示被动意义。Whoistoblameforthemistake?谁应为此错误承担责任呢?6.表示发生、归属的词或短语，如happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto等不能用于被动语态。Ihaveeveryconfidencethatthevictorybelongstous.我完全相信胜利属于我们。高考真题分类通关考点一：考查动词时态语态用法，且句中有明确的时间状语提示。1.(2024九省联考卷）Fountainpens__________(use)inschoolslongagoandhavebeenregainingpopularitylatelybecausetheyarerefillable.2.（2024浙江1月卷）Overthelasttwoyears,somesupermarkets__________(start)sellingchickenorsaladinpacks__________(design)withtwohalvescontainingseparateportions(份).3.（2023北京卷）Uptonow,China__________(establish)anumberofprotectedareaswithmangroves.4.（2022北京卷）Theuseofthoseplastics(increase)by300%since2019.Theworldwon’tsurviveifthissituationcontinues.5.（2021北京卷）There__________(be)adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20years,causedlargelybyrisingglobaltemperatures,accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnitedNations.6.（2022新高考I卷）Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat__________(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincreaseeffectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.7.（2022全国甲卷）Inthelastfiveyears,Cao_________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,he